VZCZCXRO7575
RR RUEHBZ RUEHDU RUEHJO RUEHMR RUEHRN
DE RUEHWD #0156/01 0500954
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 190952Z FEB 10
FM AMEMBASSY WINDHOEK
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0212
INFO SOUTHERN AF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY COLLECTIVE

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 07 WINDHOEK 000156 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
FOR G/TIP STEPHANIE KRONENBURG, AF/RSA LEARNED DEES, AF/S PHAEDRA GWYN, G LAURA PENA, INL, DRL AND PRM 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREF MCA ELAB KTIP KCRM SMIG KWMN KFRD WA
SUBJECT: 2010 Annual Trafficking Report on Namibia 
 
REF: A: STATE 2094; B: 09 WINDHOEK 52; C: WINDHOEK 114 
 
¶1. (SBU) Per Ref A, Post submits input for the 2010 Trafficking in 
Persons Report for Namibia. 
 
 
 
----------------------------------- 
 
Namibia's TIP Situation 
 
------------------------------------ 
 
 
 
¶2. (SBU) Response to 25 A:  The Government of Namibia (GRN) is in 
the early stages of data collection on TIP.  During the reporting 
period, Namibia's Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare 
(MGECW) created a national database on gender-based violence which 
will include statistics of trafficking and child labor victims. 
The Woman and Child Protection Unit (WACPU) of the Namibian Police 
Force investigates possible trafficking cases, but does not keep 
statistics on trafficking.  The Ministry of Labor and Social 
Welfare tracks cases of the worst forms of child labor.  During the 
reporting period, USAID funded a baseline study to assess the scope 
and scale of Namibia's trafficking in persons problem.  This study 
was carried out by independent consultants in close coordination 
with the MGECW.  MGECW intends to carry out a more comprehensive 
study on trafficking in 2011.  All of the aforementioned sources 
are reliable. 
 
 
 
¶3.  (SBU) Response to 25 B: Namibia is a country of origin, transit 
and destination for internationally trafficked women and children, 
and possibly for men as well.  Namibians are trafficked within the 
country as well, especially from rural, communal areas to urban 
centers and commercial farms.  Namibian children as well as 
children from Angola or Zambia have been found engaging in the 
worst forms of child labor in the agriculture and livestock, 
domestic service, charcoal production and commercial sex industry 
sectors in Namibia.  During the reporting period, the Ministry of 
Labor and Social Welfare identified 17 cases of children working in 
the charcoal industry, 88 cases of children performing hazardous 
child labor, and 57 cases of children performing forced child labor 
(ref C).  Moreover, in September 2009, a former Caprivi Chief 
Regional Officer was arrested in Zambia for attempting to traffic 
four Zambian children to Namibia.  A 2009 assessment on Namibia's 
TIP situation, funded by USAID and performed by independent 
consultants with assistance from the MGECW, found three confirmed 
trafficking cases and numerous instances of suspected trafficking. 
In one case, a Zambian national trafficked Zambian boys into 
Namibia for farm work exploitation.  In another, a Namibian mother 
trafficked her 15-year-old daughter to Walvis Bay for sexual 
exploitation.  In the third, Namibian girls from Kavango and 
possibly the Caprivi were trafficked to wine farms in the south to 
work as babysitters and domestic workers.  In addition, anecdotal 
evidence suggests that some Namibian children have been trafficked 
to Angola, where they are sexually exploited.  There is also 
anecdotal evidence of Namibian women being trafficked to South 
Africa and South African women trafficked to Namibia, in both 
instances to work in the commercial sex sector. 
 
 
 
¶4. (SBU) Response to 25 C: According to government officials, 
victims of TIP may be promised wages that they never receive. They 
may be forced to work long hours, carrying out hazardous tasks. 
Victims may be beaten or raped by their traffickers or third 
parties.  Children may be denied opportunities to attend school. 
 
 
 
¶5. (SBU) Response to 25 D: Namibia's high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate 
has increased the number of orphans and vulnerable children, who 
are at risk of being exploited. Furthermore, grinding poverty, 
unemployment, and a lack of skills and education makes it easier 
for traffickers to lure victims with the promise of a better life. 
Women and children are the most vulnerable groups. 
 
 
 
¶6. (SBU) Response to 25 E: Traffickers are adults, often males, 
 
WINDHOEK 00000156  002 OF 007 
 
 
working alone or in small groups.  There is no firm evidence of any 
trafficking or labor syndicates currently operating in the country. 
In some cases, Namibian parents may unwittingly sell their children 
into trafficking conditions, including child prostitution.  There 
are also reports of adults trafficking or exploiting children who 
are distantly related to them.  There have been reports of Namibian 
children being trafficked to South Africa, typically by truck 
drivers, for the purpose of sexual exploitation.  Small business 
owners and farmers may also traffic women or children.  Some 
victims may be "self-presented."  There is no evidence of 
employment or travel agencies fronting traffickers or crime groups. 
 
 
 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
--------------------- 
 
SETTING THE SCENE FOR THE GOVERNMENT'S ANTI-TIP EFFORTS 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
---------------------- 
 
 
 
¶7. (SBU) Response to 26 A: The GRN acknowledges that human 
trafficking is a problem in the country.  Some officials have a 
better understanding of the situation than others.  For instance, 
some officials at the MGECW point to the three cases identified in 
the USAID-funded TIP baseline assessment as evidence that the 
problem in Namibia is very small.  Those officials fail to focus on 
the "suspected cases" of TIP, and they are more concerned with 
other forms of gender-based violence or violence against children. 
It should be noted that in June, the first lady spoke out against 
child labor during a ceremony for World Refugee Day.  Similarly, in 
August, President Pohamba called on the cabinet to instruct its 
ministries to collaborate to investigate practices of child labor 
in eight of Namibia's 13 regions. 
 
 
 
¶8.  (SBU) Response to 26 B: Namibia does not have a single 
institution or agency that is dedicated to the enforcement of child 
trafficking activities.  However, the MGECW, together with the 
Namibian Police's Woman and Child Protection Unit (WACPU) are 
responsible for the enforcement of laws on trafficking, and thus 
child trafficking.  In 2009, the MGECW became the lead ministry on 
all government-sponsored anti-trafficking activities.  It is also 
responsible for protecting victims of trafficking, including 
children.  WACPU is responsible for conducting investigations into 
trafficking cases affecting women or children.  The Ministry of 
Justice would prosecute any trafficking cases; however there have 
been no prosecutions or convictions to date.  At the regional and 
local level, social workers from the MGECW are expected to handle 
all issues related to human trafficking.  The Ministry of Labor and 
Social Welfare remains responsible for fighting labor trafficking, 
including the worst forms of child labor. 
 
 
 
¶9. (SBU) Response to 26 C: The GRN employs 49 social workers 
throughout the country; they are expected to handle all matters 
related to the welfare of women and children.   At the national 
office, two senior social workers coordinate all work pertaining to 
child trafficking.  The Namibian Police's Crime Investigation 
Division employs 35 investigators.  WACPU employs 89 officers in 15 
units around the country.  The number of social workers, 
investigators, and police officers is not adequate to handle cases 
of trafficking in addition to other types of cases.  Furthermore, 
there is a lack of trained staff, insufficient financial resources, 
and a lack of sophisticated technology.   For example, the police 
have no electronic surveillance equipment and do not utilize 
software to create databases on child trafficking.  The GRN spent 
approximately Namibian Dollar (ND) 65,000 (USD 10,000) on the 
efforts to combat trafficking in 2009.  All other funding, which 
amounted to ND 2 million (UD 308,000) came from the government's 
development partners, including the USG, the Southern African 
Development Community, and UNICEF.  These financial resources were 
inadequate. Corruption is a problem in Namibia, but it has not been 
linked to cases involving trafficking. 
 
 
 
¶10. (SBU) Response to 26 D: The GRN does not keep adequate 
statistics on matters related to trafficking. During the reporting 
period, the MGECW established a database to track cases of TIP and 
gender-based violence.  No TIP cases have been reported since its 
 
WINDHOEK 00000156  003 OF 007 
 
 
establishment.  It must be noted that the issue of data collection 
on TIP is a chicken-and-egg scenario.  For example, the police kept 
no statistics on TIP cases or trafficking-related cases during the 
reporting period, because there were no TIP cases reported. The 
MGECW did publish and publicly release the aforementioned TIP 
baseline assessment.  In addition, the Ministry of Labor collected 
and published data on exploitative child labor in 2009.  Post can 
provide G/TIP with a copy of the Child Labor Inspection 
(Investigation) Report that the GRN undertook in 2009.  Post can 
also provide a copy of the latest Child Activity Survey, which was 
conducted in 2005, but only finalized in 2009 as well as a copy of 
Namibia's 2008 National Plan to eliminate Child Labor. 
 
 
 
¶11. (SBU) Response to 26 E: During the year, the Ministry of Home 
Affairs in partnership with the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) opened 
offices at hospitals throughout the country to provide birth 
certificates for newborns. Officials from the Ministry of Home 
Affairs and Immigration also deployed mobile units to towns and 
villages countrywide to facilitate issuance of birth certificates 
and identity documents.  The project focused primarily on orphans 
and vulnerable children; however, the mobile units also targeted 
San children, and NGOs reported a decrease in San complaints of 
being unable to obtain proper identification documents. 
 
 
 
¶12. (SBU) Response to 26 F: Data collection is a challenge for the 
GRN both in terms of will and resources.  For example, USAID 
funding was needed to produce the 2009 baseline assessment on TIP. 
Nonetheless, the MGECW has said it intends to undertake a more 
extensive assessment in 2011.   More resources are needed before 
in-depth research can be effectively conducted: the police lack 
computers, database software, surveillance equipment and training; 
and the MGECW complains of a lack of vehicles and personnel. 
Similarly, the Ministry of Home Affairs computerized the offices of 
its major points of entry during the reporting period, but those 
systems were not electronically linked.  Targeted training provided 
to all GRN officials concerned with trafficking would help in 
working around these gaps. 
 
 
 
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Investigation and Prosecution of Traffickers 
 
--------------------------------------------- --------------- 
 
 
 
¶13.  (SBU) Response to 27 A and B: The Prevention of Organized 
Crime Act (POCA) of 2004 was implemented in May 2009.   It 
explicitly criminalizes TIP as well as human smuggling.  Under 
POCA, those who participate in or aid and abet TIP face fines of up 
to ND 1,000,000 (USD 133,000) or jail terms of up to 50 years. 
Additionally, those who participate in or aid and abet migrant 
smuggling face fines of up to ND 500,000 (USD 67,000) or 
imprisonment of up to 25 years.  The law does not differentiate 
between trafficking for sexual exploitation and trafficking for 
non-sexual purposes.  The Combating Rape Act prescribes up to 15 
years imprisonment for first-time offenders and up to 45 years for 
repeat offenders, which is less than the 50 years prescribed by 
POCA.  The GRN is currently drafting a new Child Care and 
Protection bill, which is expected to address child trafficking 
among other crimes. 
 
 
 
¶14. (SBU) Response to 27 C: Namibia's labor law prohibits forced 
labor and those convicted of forced labor are liable for fines of 
up to ND 20,000 (USD 2,700) or imprisonment of up to four years or 
both.  In addition, Namibia has progressive labor laws, including 
laws prohibiting the worst forms of child labor.  Section 3 of the 
2007 Labor Act maintains the minimum working age at 14 years. It 
also states that children between the ages of 14-18 may not be 
employed where: work takes place between the hours of 20:00 to 
07:00; work is done underground or in a mine; construction or 
demolition takes place; goods are manufactured; electricity is 
generated, transformed or distributed; machinery is installed or 
dismantled; and any activities take place that may jeopardize a 
child's health, safety or physical, moral, metal, spiritual or 
social development.  Persons found guilty of employing children 
face a maximum fine of ND 20,000 (USD 2,700) and/or up to four 
years imprisonment. The Labor Act of 2007 also stipulates work 
place hours, meal intervals, health and safety regulations, annual 
 
WINDHOEK 00000156  004 OF 007 
 
 
leave, and conditions surrounding night, holiday and weekend work 
hours.  During the reporting period, the GRN documented no cases of 
adult forced labor. 
 
 
 
¶15. (SBU) Response to 27 D: Please see paragraph 13. 
 
 
 
¶16. (SBU) Response to 27 E: The GRN did not prosecute any cases 
against human trafficking offenders during the reporting period. 
In the aforementioned child labor cases that were investigated, in 
all instances, offenders were issued compliance orders in 
accordance with the 2007 Labor Act, but no arrests were made.  In 
addition, the Ministry of Labor removed seventeen children found 
working on farms in Kavango in hazardous conditions and returned 
them to their parents.  The Namibian national who was arrested in 
Zambia for allegedly trafficking four Zambian children was 
acquitted, according to the Namibian police. 
 
 
 
¶17. (SBU) Response to 27 F: The WACPU continues to provide 
specialized training on gender-based violence for police officials 
and social workers from the Ministry of Health and Social Services 
and MGECW, but offered no training in 2009 specifically on 
trafficking. A handful of officials from MGECW, the Ministry of 
Labor, and the Ministry of Agriculture who participated in the 
baseline TIP assessment were given training by the consultants 
leading the research.  In addition, the International Labor 
Organization (ILO) Office embedded in the Ministry of Labor gave 
regular workshops and talks about the worst forms of child labor. 
The USG sponsored International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) 
training on combating TIP during the reporting period.  Post sent 
seven individuals from the Ministry of Home Affairs, the police, 
the Ombudsman's office, and the Prosecutor General's office to the 
training. 
 
 
 
¶18. (SBU) Response to 27 G: The GRN cooperates with neighboring 
countries, such as Zambia and South Africa, to investigate human 
trafficking cases and other transnational crimes.  The Southern 
African Development Community (SADC) is developing anti-trafficking 
legislation, which it expects all countries in the region to adopt. 
The TIP baseline assessment recommended that Namibia adopt a 
stand-alone trafficking law, and the GRN believes that the SADC 
legislation along with the Child Care and Protection bill should 
satisfy this requirement.  The Namibian Police work routinely with 
Interpol.  During the reporting period, there were no cooperative 
international investigations on TIP. 
 
 
 
¶19. (SBU) Response to 27 H: Namibia's Extradition Act of 1996 (Act 
11 of 1996) provides for extradition to specified countries, such 
as those in the SADC region and Commonwealth, as well as other 
countries with which Namibia has extradition agreements.  Although 
TIP and smuggling are considered extraditable offences in Namibia, 
there were no extraditions related to TIP, smuggling or kidnapping 
during the reporting period. 
 
 
 
¶20. (U) Response to 27 I and J: There was no evidence presented 
during the reporting period of government involvement in or 
tolerance of trafficking. 
 
 
 
¶21.  (U) Response to 27 K. Namibia does participate in several 
international peacekeeping missions, but there were no reports of 
soldiers who engaged in or facilitated any form of trafficking or 
who exploited victims of trafficking. 
 
 
 
¶22. (SBU) Response to 27 L: According to the Namibian police, the 
sex tourism industry may exist in Namibia, but there were no cases 
of commercial sex tourism or child sex tourism reported to the 
police during the reporting period.  The police were unaware of any 
evidence connecting Namibian nationals with child sex tourism in 
other countries. 
 
WINDHOEK 00000156  005 OF 007 
 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---- 
 
Protection and Assistance to Victims 
 
 --------------------------------------------- ---- 
 
 
 
¶23. (SBU) Response to 28 A:  The WACPU is the first point of 
contact for women and children who are victims of violence.  The 
police are responsible for finding temporary shelter for victims as 
well as medical assistance.  The MGECW provides social workers to 
work with the police, who may end up counseling victims of violence 
or trafficking.  The WACPU has designated examination rooms in most 
major hospitals for use by victims and physicians, who have been 
trained in trauma assessment.  There are five shelters in Namibia, 
all run by civil society organizations, which cater to the victims 
of gender-based violence.  Officials of the police, MGECW and 
Ministry of Labor complain that these shelters are insufficient to 
help all victims of gender-based violence and the worst forms of 
child labor.  Victims of gender-based violence offer testimony 
against their perpetrators in special courts away from the glare of 
the public and not in direct confrontation with the accused.  There 
have been no trafficking prosecutions in Namibia, but according to 
the GRN, these victims and witnesses would be given the same 
treatment. 
 
 
 
¶24. (SBU) Response to 28 B: According to the GRN, the five NGO-run 
shelters have not assisted any victims of trafficking.  The 
government is in the process of rehabilitating 13 government-owned 
buildings (one in each region) to be used as shelters for victims 
of gender-based violence (women and children), trafficking and 
possibly the worst forms of child labor.  These shelters would most 
likely not treat male victims.  The GRN is considering making these 
shelters "one stop shops," where victims could access medical, 
legal, psychological and other assistance.  The GRN subsidizes some 
shelters and foster homes that assist women and children, but 
figures were not available on expenditures. 
 
 
 
¶25. (SBU) Response to 28 C: The MGECW provides psychological 
counseling to victims of gender based violence.  WACPU has 
designated examination rooms in most hospitals for use by victims 
and physicians who have been trained to deal with trauma victims. 
The PEACE Center offers counseling to victims of trauma and has a 
referral agreement with WACPU.  The Legal Assistance Center, an 
NGO, has assisted victims with legal services.  The GRN does not 
provide funding to foreign NGOs, but as noted earlier, it has 
subsidized the cost of civil society-run shelters.  The police have 
a toll free hotline, which may receive calls with tips related to 
trafficking victims.  Other than the data given in 26 C, it is 
difficult to say precisely what the GRN spent on trafficking 
victims since none of the victims identified in 25 B were assisted 
extensively by the GRN.  The Ministry of Labor's Division of Labor 
Inspectorate received a budget of ND 500,000 (USD 65,000) to cover 
all expenses, including operational activities, child labor 
investigations and forced adult labor investigations in 2009. 
(Note: An NGO called the King's Daughters is led by former 
commercial sex workers and provides support to those working in the 
commercial sex sector.  This group is advocating the full 
legalization of prostitution in order to remove the stigma of 
victims of sex trafficking and encourage them to come forward and 
seek assistance.  End note.) 
 
 
 
¶26. (SBU) Response to 28 D: Since there have been no officially 
documented cases of foreign trafficking victims, the GRN has not 
provided any assistance to such persons.  In the case of child 
labor, children from nearby countries found working in Namibia are 
typically repatriated to those countries and not given long-term 
shelter. 
 
 
 
¶27. (SBU) Response to 28 E and F: There is no long-term shelter 
available for victims, and the government does not offer housing 
benefits to victims. 
 
 
 
¶28. (SBU) Response to 28 G: Per the answer provided in 25 B, the 
government, through the 2009 baseline assessment on trafficking in 
persons, identified three trafficking victims and numerous 
 
WINDHOEK 00000156  006 OF 007 
 
 
suspected cases.  The case of the mother who trafficked her teenage 
daughter for sexual exploitation through forced prostitution in 
Walvis Bay is still being investigated.  In the case of the Zambian 
boys trafficked for farm work exploitation, the boys were returned 
to Zambia.  The case of the girls trafficked from Kavango and 
Caprivi to work as babysitters and domestic workers were referred 
to the Ministry of Labor.  There are other instances of trafficking 
or suspected trafficking recorded in the TIP baseline assessment, 
but it is important to note that the police at the national level 
and the Ministry of Justice maintain they handled no TIP cases 
during the reporting period, and the MGECW recognizes that only two 
TIP cases (Zambian boys and the Walvis Bay forced prostitution) 
fell into their ministry's responsibility.  The police at the 
regional level are handling the Walvis Bay case, and are likely not 
recording it as a trafficking case, thus the probable disconnect 
between the national police and the MGECW on the status of this 
case. 
 
 
 
¶29. (SBU) Response to 28 H: Both the police and the Ministry of 
Home Affair's immigration sections are linked electronically to 
Interpol's database, which may be used to identify traffickers. 
During the reporting period, the government established a national 
database on gender based violence to record statistics of 
trafficking and child labor victims.  Prostitution is not 
criminalized in Namibia, but making a living from it (such as 
pimping or solicitation) is illegal. 
 
 
 
¶30. (SBU) Response to 28 I: It is possible that trafficking victims 
could be jailed or prosecuted for violating laws related to 
immigration and prostitution.  However, the GRN does not have any 
record of this taking place during the reporting period. 
 
 
 
¶31. (SBU) Response to 28 J: During the reporting period, the GRN 
undertook a major media campaign aimed at preventing gender-based 
violence and trafficking.  The campaign included messages 
encouraging victims to come forth and assist in the reporting, 
investigating and prosecuting of perpetrators.  No victims assisted 
in the investigation or prosecution of their traffickers during the 
reporting period. 
 
 
 
¶32. (SBU) Response to 28 K: Some officers working in WACPU and many 
social workers from the MGECW have undergone training to identify 
victims of trafficking, but the bulk of this training preceded the 
reporting period.  The GRN did not provide specific training on TIP 
to staff working at Namibian embassies, high commissions and 
consulates all over the world, but it continued to encourage 
diplomats to maintain relations with NGOs that follow trafficking 
issues.  There were no victims of trafficking assisted by Namibia's 
foreign missions during the reporting period. 
 
 
 
¶33. (SBU) Response to 28 L: There were no reported instances of 
repatriated Namibian TIP victims during the reporting period. 
 
 
 
¶34. (SBU) Response to 28 M: UNICEF, which has an office in Namibia, 
has assisted the MGECW in financing some of its gender-based 
violence programs and in identifying suitable shelters for TIP and 
gender-based violence victims.  The ILO-supported program Towards 
the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor has components 
that address TIP-related issues.  The Southern African Development 
Community (SADC) is working on drafting legislation related to TIP. 
Lifeline Childline's Namibia office runs a hotline for gender-based 
violence and TIP.  Churches United Against HIV and AIDS in Eastern 
and Southern Africa along with a Finnish aid society will fund an 
anti-TIP training course conducted by Interpol in March 2010 for 
law enforcement officials. The group also plans to implement a 
sensitization campaign for civil society about TIP.  Both efforts 
are aimed at the potential increases in trafficking caused by the 
FIFA World Cup in South Africa. 
 
 
 
---------------------- 
 
Prevention 
 
WINDHOEK 00000156  007 OF 007 
 
 
----------------------- 
 
 
 
¶35. (SBU) Response to 29 A: The government sponsored an ND 3.1 
million information campaign on trafficking and gender-based 
violence during the reporting period.  The "Zero Tolerance" 
campaign was launched by the Prime Minister in July 2009 at the 
Angolan-Namibian border, which is thought to be a possible entry 
point for potential traffickers.  (Note: Post's DCM spoke at the 
ceremony to underscore the USG's commitment to this endeavor.  End 
note.)  The campaign targeted potential victims and perpetrators as 
well as individuals who may have witnessed trafficking.  The GRN 
paid for a billboard in Oshikango, two months of radio drama 
broadcasts on a nationally available station, a TV commercial that 
ran twice a day during prime time viewing for four months, a video 
ad on an electronic billboard in Windhoek for one month, as well as 
pamphlets, posters, and newspaper ads.  The MGECW was able to 
provide neither the number of printed materials produced nor the 
number of people reached by the campaign. 
 
 
 
¶36. (SBU) Response to 29 B: The GRN claims it monitors immigration 
and emigration patterns for evidence of trafficking, but it was not 
clear if this was actually true in practice. 
 
 
 
¶37. (SBU) Response to 29 C: Per 26 B, the MGECW coordinates a 
working group on gender-based violence and TIP.  Civil society, 
government agencies and members of the diplomatic community are 
invited to attend its meetings. 
 
 
 
¶38. (SBU) Response to 29 D: The MGECW has hired consultants to 
draft a national plan of action on gender-based violence and TIP. 
It is expected to be completed in 2010. 
 
 
 
¶39. (SBU) Response to 29 E: The GRN took no steps during the 
reporting period to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts. 
 
 
 
¶40. (SBU) Response to 29 F: Please see 27 L. The GRN took no steps 
during the reporting period to reduce participation in 
international child sex tourism, because this issue was not 
perceived to be a problem. 
 
 
 
----------------------- 
 
Partnerships 
 
----------------------- 
 
 
 
¶41. (SBU) Response to 30 A: The GRN routinely requests resources 
from other countries and international organizations to address 
TIP, the worst forms of child labor and gender-based violence, but 
it has not engaged in any particular lobbying/partnership 
activities as a part of their requests. 
 
 
 
¶42. (SBU) Response to 30 B: The GRN does not provide any assistance 
to other countries to address TIP. 
 
 
 
---------------------- 
 
Point of Contact 
 
----------------------- 
 
 
 
¶43. (U) Post point of contact on TIP is Poloff Emily Plumb.  She 
can be contacted at plumbea@state.gov or (264-61) 295-8581. 
MATHIEU