VZCZCXYZ0004
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHLG #0086/01 0321011
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 011010Z FEB 10
FM AMEMBASSY LILONGWE
TO RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHINGTON DC
RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0040
INFO RUEHLG/AMEMBASSY LILONGWE

UNCLAS LILONGWE 000086 
 
SIPDIS 
DOL/ILAB FOR LEYLA STROTKAMP, RACHEL RIGBY AND TINA MCCARTER 
DRL/ILCSR FOR SARAH MORAGAN 
G/TIP FOR LUIS CDEBACA 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ELAB EIND ETRD KTIP PHUM SOCI MI
SUBJECT: MALAWI: INFORMATION ON CHILD LABOR AND FORCED LABOR 
 
REF: 09 SECSTATE 131997 
 
Post provides the following information in response to reftel 
request.  Answers are keyed to reftel tasking. 
 
 
 
Tasking 1/TVPRA 
 
 
 
¶1.       (Reftel 1A)  The current TVPRA list shows two goods, 
Tobacco and Tea, as goods produced in Malawi  using forced labor 
and /or exploitive child labor.  In 2009 Post has not found 
evidence to support the inclusion of additional goods on the TVPRA 
list. 
 
 
 
¶2.       (Reftel 1F)  The GoM has drafted a National Child Labor 
Policy (2009).  This reflects a commitment by the GoM to work 
toward the elimination of child labor in a systematic way.  It 
provides a coherent framework and direction for the various actors, 
programs and projects in the field of child labor.  The policy aims 
to make Malawi a child labor free country, where children under the 
age of 14 years are protected from labor exploitation and those 
between ages of 15-18 years are protected from hazardous 
environments affecting their health, morals, physical and social 
development.  The policy consists of several complementary measures 
including a legal action plan, general development programs and 
specific community projects.  The draft policy paper has been 
submitted to the Cabinet for approval. 
 
 
 
¶3.       A draft National Action Plan (NAP) (2009-2016) has been 
prepared to provide the Government, social partners, civil society, 
and all other stakeholders with a framework to translate policy 
pronouncements into concrete activities, and to ensure effective 
coordination of programs.  The NAP builds upon the draft Child 
Labor Policy and contributes to the overall objectives of the 
Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS), Malawi's primary 
development planning framework document.  Currently the GoM, 
through the Ministry of Labor, is mainstreaming child labor into 
all sectors of the successor development strategy to ensure 
consistency and relevance.  The development of a comprehensive NAP 
on child labor provides a much needed priority and operational 
framework for action on child labor in Malawi. 
 
 
 
Tasking 2/TDA 
 
 
 
¶4.       (Reftel 2A)  Prevalence and Sectoral Distribution of 
Exploitive Child Labor: 
 
 
 
¶1.       Child labor is most often detected in the agriculture 
sector, which employs the vast majority of all labor in Malawi. 
Child labor is also reported in domestic work, as well as 
commercial activities such as vending. 
 
 
 
¶2.       The GoM  does not collect nor maintain a database on child 
labor.  The GoM relies on periodic child labor surveys and child 
labor inspection reports from district offices.  No child labor 
surveys were conducted during the reporting period.  Some office 
reports are available  on inspections. 
 
 
 
¶5.       (Reftel 2B) Laws and Regulations: 
 
 
 
¶1.       Draft Tenancy Bill (2009):  The GoM has now completed a 
draft Tenancy Bill that seeks to provide for the regulation of 
labor tenancy.  The Bill clarifies the rights and obligations of 
landlords and tenants with a view to avoid exploitative situations. 
The Bill also seeks specifically to protect the rights of children 
at risk of engaging in child labor through the tenancy system.  The 
Bill will provide a policy framework to regulate employment in the 
 
agricultural sector.  The Bill includes provisions covering 
contracts between landlords and tenants.  Clause 10 provides that 
only persons who are above 18 years of age may be tenants.  Once 
enacted, the Bill will provide protection for children and young 
people currently vulnerable to exploitation due to lack of such 
legal instruments.  The Tenancy Bill is expected to be tabled in 
Parliament in 2010. 
 
 
 
¶2.       Malawi's legal and regulatory framework is generally 
adequate to address exploitive child labor.  Although the laws 
provide for a range of penalties, in practice violations are almost 
always addressed with fines that are inadequate to deter 
violations.  Enforcement of child labor and forced labor laws is 
weak.  Labor inspectors lack enforcement capabilities and must 
cooperate with police to pursue violations.  Enforcement agencies 
lack resources to aggressively enforce labor laws. 
 
 
 
¶6.       (Reftel 2C)  Institutions and Mechanism for Enforcement: 
Malawi does not have institutional framework for separating its 
work on different categories of child labor.  The GoM states that 
in 2009 it did not identify any cases meeting its definition of 
forced child labor. 
 
 
 
2C, Section I:  Hazardous Child Labor 
 
 
 
¶1.       Enforcement of hazardous child labor laws is the 
responsibility of the Police, Judiciary, Immigration Department, 
Ministry of Labor, and the Ministry of Gender and Child 
Development, with support from the Malawi Child Labor Network, 
Trade Unions, Employers and Civil Society Organizations. 
 
 
 
¶2.       The Malawi Child Labor Network comprises government and 
NGOs, employers, worker's organization and civil organizations.  It 
has been instrumental in the reduction of child labor.  This 
Network spearheaded the formulation of the Code of Conduct on Child 
Labor, the Draft policy on Child Labor and the Draft National 
Action on Child Labor.  The Network has linked other civil society 
organizations in accessing resources targeting the elimination of 
child labor.  The Government has put in place District Child 
Protection Committees to coordinate all child protection activities 
at the district level.  This organized effort to address child 
labor has so far been very effective. 
 
 
 
¶3.       There is no standard mechanism for reporting hazardous 
child labor complaints.  All districts have child labor protection 
committee that have often sounded the first warning when children 
are noted working in hazardous conditions.  Inspection visits 
constitute another principle means for reporting complaints on 
site.  Workers have also reported such malpractices directly to the 
district labor offices. 
 
 
 
¶4.       Malawi has a dedicated Child Labor Unit in the Ministry of 
Labor that has a specific budget allocation for child labor 
activities - USD 205,000 was allocated to the unit for the 2009/10 
budget.  District labor offices are now fully devolved to district 
assemblies and get direct funding from the Treasury.  On average, 
monthly funding levels are between USD 5,479 and USD 6,849 
depending on the size of the district.  Although improved from 
previous years, funding remains inadequate.  Most inspectors use 
motorcycles.  Office space is generally available but barely 
adequate. 
 
 
 
¶5.       As of December 2010, there were 160 labor inspectors in 
the Ministry of Labor.  Additional inspectors are needed but cannot 
be supported with the existing budget. 
 
 
 
¶6.       About 2,645 labor inspections were carried out in 2009. 
Standard labor inspection forms have been revised to capture child 
 
labor information.  Special forms have also been designed to 
collect comprehensive child labor information by child labor 
monitors who have been deployed in rural areas.  In collaboration 
with the Ministry of Gender, Child Development and Community 
Services, 800 Social Protection Officers have been recruited and 
trained to monitor child protection issues including child labor. 
In order to sustain continuous surveillance of child labor, 
communities have been empowered to undertake continuous child labor 
monitoring in their localities.  Data is not available on the 
breakdown of complaint-driven versus random inspections.  These 
inspections were not sufficient to provide adequate enforcement or 
deterrence. 
 
 
 
¶7.       From January - October 2009, the Ministry of Labor 
withdrew 1,435 children (1,067 boys and 368 girls) from labor and 
provided them with alternatives.  Since 2005, the International 
Labor Organization/International Program for the Elimination of 
Child Labor (ILO/IPEC) Malawi Programme has withdrawn 3,046 and 
prevented 5,574 children from child labor activities.  These 
children have been placed in schools and provided with learning 
materials.  Between 2005 and 2009, 1,110 vulnerable families have 
accessed economic support under the program and 57 children were 
repatriated to their districts of origin.  A project funded by the 
Elimination of Child Labor in Tobacco (ECLT) in Kasungu and Dowa 
districts has for the past three years withdrawn 1,788 children 
(1,073 boys, 715 girls).  A project funded by Humanist Institute 
for Development Cooperation (HIVOS) in Mchinji and Kasungu 
districts removed children in livestock herding.  Withdrawn 
children are provided with psychosocial counseling by different 
stakeholders and they are monitored by the District Social Welfare 
to make sure that they do not engage in any further child labor. 
 
 
 
¶8.       The GoM opened 67 child labor cases in 2009. 
 
 
 
¶9.       All 67 child labor cases were resolved through 
prosecutions in 2009. 
 
 
 
¶10.   All 67 were convicted and fined. 
 
 
 
¶11.   Prosecution processes lasted , on average,  three weeks on 
each case. 
 
 
 
¶12.   Sentences fell within the range of penalties established by 
law.  Fines ranged from USD 68 to 137.  No custodial sentences were 
given by the courts. 
 
 
 
¶13.   The record demonstrates a GoM  commitment to combating 
hazardous child labor  The deterrent impact of its efforts, 
however, is limited by the light fines applied to convicted 
offenders. 
 
 
 
¶14.   The GoM, through the  ILO/IPEC, conducted two training 
sessions  for 50 investigators and other enforcement officers. 
Post has not been able to confirm if this training explicitly 
covered hazardous child labor.  The Ministry of Labor is still 
evaluating the impact of this training. 
 
 
 
2C Section II:  Forced Child Labor 
 
 
 
¶1.       Enforcement of forced child labor laws is the 
responsibility of the Police, Judiciary, Immigration Department, 
Ministry of Labor, and the Ministry of Gender and Child 
Development, with support from the Malawi Child Labor Network, 
Trade Unions, Employers and Civil Society Organizations. 
 
¶2.       The Malawi Child Labor Network comprises government and 
NGOs, employers, worker's organization and civil organizations.  It 
has been instrumental in the reduction of child labor.  This 
Network spearheaded the formulation of the Code of Conduct on Child 
Labor, the Draft policy on Child Labor and the Draft National 
Action on Child Labor.  The Network has linked other civil society 
organizations in accessing resources targeting the elimination of 
child labor.  The Government has put in place District Child 
Protection Committees to coordinate all child protection activities 
at the district level.  This organized effort to address child 
labor has so far been very effective. 
 
 
 
¶3.       There is no standard mechanism for reporting forced child 
labor complaints.  All districts have child labor protection 
committees that have often sounded the first warning when children 
are noted working under forced conditions.  Inspection visits 
constitute another principle means for reporting complaints on 
site.  Workers have also reported such malpractices directly to the 
district labor offices. 
 
 
 
¶4.       Malawi has a dedicated Child Labor Unit in the Ministry of 
Labor that has a specific budget allocation for child labor 
activities.  USD 205,000 was allocated to the unit for the 2009/10 
budget.  District labor offices are now fully devolved to district 
assemblies and get direct funding from the Treasury.  On average, 
monthly funding levels are between USD 5,479 and USD 6,849 
depending on the size of the district.  Although improved from 
previous years, funding remains inadequate.  Most inspectors use 
motorcycles.  Office space is available and barely adequate. 
 
 
 
¶5.       As of December 2010, there were 160 labor inspectors in 
the Ministry of Labor.  Additional inspectors are needed but cannot 
be supported with the existing budget. 
 
 
 
¶6.       About 2,645 labor inspections were carried out in 2009. 
Standard labor inspection forms have been revised to capture child 
labor information.  Special forms have also been designed to 
collect comprehensive child labor information by child labor 
monitors who have been deployed in rural areas.  In collaboration 
with the Ministry of Gender, Child Development and Community 
Services, 800 Social Protection Officers have been recruited and 
trained to monitor child protection issues including child labor. 
In order to sustain continuous surveillance of child labor, 
communities have been empowered to undertake continuous child labor 
monitoring in their localities.  Data is not available on the 
breakdown of complaint-driven versus random inspections.  These 
inspections were not sufficient to provide adequate enforcement or 
deterrence. 
 
 
 
¶7.       The GoM does not acknowledge any cases of forced child 
labor in 2009.  Although labor inspections led to the removal of 
large numbers of children from child labor situations, none of 
these were officially classified as forced child labor.  Lack of 
case information makes it impossible to independently assess if any 
of these situations might have met reftel standard for forced child 
labor. 
 
 
 
¶8.       There were no forced child labor cases opened in 2009. 
 
 
 
¶9.       No forced child labor cases were closed in 2009. 
 
 
 
¶10.   Not applicable. 
 
 
 
¶11.   Not applicable. 
 
¶12.   Not applicable. 
 
 
 
¶13.   The GoM  has demonstrates a commitment to combating child 
labor in general.  Forced child labor is included in this 
commitment, but it is unclear if training is sufficient to identify 
instances of forced labor. 
 
 
 
¶14.   GoM through the  ILO/IPEC conducted two training sessions 
for 50 investigators and other enforcement officers.  Post has not 
been able to confirm if this training explicitly covered forced 
child labor.  The Ministry of Labor is still evaluating the impact 
of this training. 
 
 
 
¶7.       (Reftel 2D)  Institutional Mechanisms for Effective 
Enforcement: 
 
 
 
2D, Section I:  Child Trafficking 
 
 
 
¶1.       Malawi has several agencies dedicated to enforcement of 
child trafficking.  These include the Ministry of Gender, Children 
and Community Development, Ministry of Justice (courts), Police, 
Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Local Government and Rural 
Development, and several non-governmental organizations.  The 
number of officers employed by the GoM involved with enforcement of 
child trafficking is estimated at over 400.  In addition, the 
government has engaged 800 child protection workers. 
 
 
 
¶2.       It was not possible to get funding figures dedicated to 
child trafficking for all the agencies.  However , Ministry of 
Gender, Children and Community Development, the lead agency on 
child trafficking,  received about USD 2.1 million.  Overall 
funding remains inadequate.  Cooperation and resources from other 
stakeholders helped the GoM undertake a number of programs.  Office 
facilities, transport and fuel were adequate for investigators to 
do their job. 
 
 
 
¶3.       The Ministry of Gender, Children and Community 
Development, has with support from partners, established a child 
helpline with NGOs, although it was not exclusively dedicated to 
child trafficking cases.  The facility is new and statistics are 
not yet available for its use. 
 
 
 
¶4.       There was no reliable data kept on the number of child 
trafficking investigations conducted. 
 
 
 
¶5.       Since 2005 , over 150 cases of child abuse have been 
reported. 
 
 
 
¶6.       Since 2005, 150 cases of child abuse have been prosecuted. 
 
 
 
¶7.       All 150 cases are resolved. 
 
 
 
¶8.       There is no recorded statistic about convictions apart 
from three cases that resulted in custodial sentences. 
 
 
 
¶9.       Sentences imposed matched specified legal framework. 
 
 
 
¶10.   All custodial sentences were served. 
 
¶11.   Cases took three to six months to be resolved. 
 
 
 
¶12.   Training courses were conducted for primary school teachers 
on guidance, counseling and child protection.  A sensitization 
program for Members of Parliament was conducted on the proposed 
Child Bill.  No evaluation has been done on the likely impact of 
these training programs. 
 
 
 
¶13.   Malawi did not experience any armed conflict. 
 
 
 
2D, Section II:  Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children 
 
 
 
¶1.       Malawi has several agencies responsible for enforcement of 
laws covering the commercial sexual exploitation of children 
(CSEC).  These include the Ministry of Gender, Children and 
Community Development, Ministry of Justice (courts), Police, 
Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Local Government  and Rural 
Development, and several non-governmental organizations.  The 
number of officers employed by the GoM involved with enforcement of 
child trafficking is estimated at over 400.  In addition, the 
government has engaged 800 child protection workers. 
 
 
 
¶2.       It was not possible to get funding figures dedicated to 
CSEC issues for all the agencies.  However , Ministry of Gender, 
Children and Community Development, the lead agency on CSEC, 
received about USD 2.1 million.  Overall funding remains 
inadequate.  Cooperation and resources from other stakeholders 
helped the GoM undertake a number of programs.  Office facilities, 
transport and fuel were adequate for investigators to do their job. 
 
 
 
 
¶3.       The Ministry of Gender, Children and Community 
Development, has with support from partners, established a child 
helpline with NGOs, although it was not exclusively dedicated to 
CSEC cases.  The facility is new and statistics are not yet 
available for its use. 
 
 
 
¶4.       There was no reliable data kept on the number of CSEC 
investigations conducted. 
 
 
 
¶5.       Since 2005 , over 150 cases of child abuse have been 
reported. 
 
 
 
¶6.       Since 2005, 150 cases of child abuse have been prosecuted. 
 
 
 
¶7.       All 150 cases are resolved. 
 
 
 
¶8.       There is no recorded statistic about convictions apart 
from three cases that resulted in custodial sentences. 
 
 
 
¶9.       Sentences imposed matched specified legal framework 
 
 
 
¶10.   All custodial sentences were served. 
 
 
 
¶11.   Cases took three to six months to be resolved. 
 
¶12.   Training courses were conducted for primary school teachers 
on guidance, counseling and child protection.  A sensitization 
program for Members of Parliament was conducted on the proposed 
Child Bill.  No evaluation has been done on the likely impact of 
these training programs. 
 
 
 
¶13.   Malawi did not experience any armed conflict. 
 
 
 
2D, Section III:  Use of Children in Illicit Activities: 
 
 
 
¶1.       Malawi has several agencies responsible for enforcement of 
laws covering the use of children in illicit activities.  These 
include the Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development, 
Ministry of Justice (courts), Police, Ministry of Labor, Ministry 
of Local Government  and Rural Development, and several 
non-governmental organizations.  The number of officers employed by 
the GoM involved with enforcement of child trafficking is estimated 
at over 400.  In addition, the government has engaged 800 child 
protection workers. 
 
 
 
¶2.       It was not possible to get funding figures dedicated to 
the use of children in illicit activities for all the agencies. 
However , Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development, 
the lead agency on the use of children in illicit activiess, 
received about USD 2.1 million.  Overall funding remains 
inadequate.  Cooperation and resources from other stakeholders 
helped the GoM undertake a number of programs.  Office facilities, 
transport and fuel were adequate for investigators to do their job. 
 
 
 
¶3.       The Ministry of Gender, Children and Community 
Development, has with support from partners, established a child 
helpline with NGOs, although it was not exclusively dedicated to 
the use of children in illicit activities.  The facility is new and 
statistics are not yet available for its use. 
 
 
 
¶4.       There was no reliable data kept on the number of 
investigations conducted on the use of children in illicit 
activities. 
 
 
 
¶5.       Since 2005 , over 150 cases of child abuse have been 
reported. 
 
 
 
¶6.       Since 2005, 150 cases of child abuse have been prosecuted. 
 
 
 
¶7.       All 150 cases are resolved. 
 
 
 
¶8.       There is no recorded statistic about convictions  apart 
from three cases that resulted in custodial sentences. 
 
 
 
¶9.       Sentences imposed matched specified legal framework 
 
 
 
¶10.   All custodial sentences were served. 
 
 
 
¶11.   Cases took three to six months to be resolved 
 
¶12.   Training courses were conducted for primary school teachers 
on guidance, counseling and child protection.  A sensitization 
program for Members of Parliament was conducted on the proposed 
Child Bill.  No evaluation has been done on the likely impact of 
these training programs. 
 
 
 
¶13.   Malawi did not experience any armed conflict. 
 
 
 
¶8.       (Reftel 2E)  Government Policies on Child Labor: 
 
 
 
¶1.       The GoM has drafted a National Child Labor Policy (2009). 
This reflects a commitment by the GoM to work toward the 
elimination of child labor in a systematic way.  It provides a 
coherent framework and direction for the various actors, programs 
and projects in the field of child labor.  The policy aims to make 
Malawi a child labor free country, where children under the age of 
14 years are protected from labor exploitation and those between 
ages of 15-18 years are protected from hazardous environments 
affecting their health, morals, physical and social development. 
The policy consists of several complementary measures including a 
legal action plan, general development programs and specific 
community projects.  The draft policy paper has been submitted to 
the Cabinet for approval. 
 
 
 
¶2.       A draft National Action Plan (NAP) (2009-2016) has been 
prepared to provide the Government, social partners, the civil 
society and all other stakeholders with a framework to translate 
policy pronouncements into concrete activities, and to ensure 
effective coordination of programs. The NAP builds upon the draft 
Child Labor Policy and contributes to the overall objectives of the 
Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS), Malawi's primary 
development planning framework document.  Currently the GoM, 
through the Ministry of Labor, is mainstreaming child labor into 
all sectors of the successor development strategy to ensure 
consistency and relevance.  The development of a comprehensive NAP 
on child labor provides a much needed priority and operational 
framework for action on child labor in Malawi. 
 
 
 
¶3.       The Cabinet has not yet approved the National Child Labor 
Policy or National Action Plan.  The GoM provided funding for 
preparation of these plans. 
 
 
 
¶4.       The GoM provided manpower and facilities toward 
preparation of the policy and plan of action. 
 
 
 
¶5.       There is now a concerted effort among stakeholders at 
national and local levels to collaborate and coordinate efforts on 
child protection.  A wide range of stakeholders are active on these 
issues, working on legal enforcement, awareness, environment, 
education, social mobilization, health, water and sanitation. 
Active stakeholders include the Police Services Victim Support 
Unit, Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Gender, Children and Community 
Development, Ministry of Local Government, Ministry of Justice, 
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture (Livestock and Crops), 
Malawi Human Rights Commission, Law Commission, Malawi Economic 
Justice Network, Malawi Human Rights Consultative Committee, UN 
Agencies, Malawi phone service providers, Civil Society Coalition 
for Quality Basic Education, Malawi Congress of Trade Unions, 
Employers Consultative Association of Malawi, Centre for Youth and 
Children Affairs (CEYCA), Active Youth and Social Enhancement 
(AYISE), Target Nation Relief in Development (TANARD), Plan Malawi, 
Every Child, Eye of the Child, Malawi Human Rights Youth Network 
(MHRYN), Youth Watch Society, Creative Centre for Community 
Mobilization (CRECCOM), Youth Net and Counseling (YONECO), World 
Vision,  Care International and others. 
 
 
 
¶6.       There were no commissions nor task forces during the 
reporting period. 
 
¶7.       The GoM did not sign any new bilateral, regional, nor 
international agreement to combat trafficking in 2009. 
 
 
 
¶9.    (Reftel 2F)  Social Programs to Eliminate or Prevent Child 
Labor: 
 
 
 
¶1.       The GoM, with support from USDOL, ILO/IPEC others, 
continues to implement programs to eliminate child labor in Malawi. 
A three-year child labor elimination program will begin in 2010 to 
succeed the USG supported "Elimination of Child Labor Project" 
(2005-2008).  With support from partners, the GoM has implemented 
intervention programs to improve pupil retention in schools, such 
as the development of hostels, feeding shelters and school blocks. 
The GoM also continued a major awareness campaign, intensified 
labor inspections, and held child labor Open Days in all districts 
of the country. 
 
 
 
¶2.       The GoM has facilitated the establishment of 
a) four Child Friendly Courts, 
b) Community Victim Support Units at Traditional Authority level in 
seven selected districts, and 
c) one Child Stop Centre. 
 
The GoM has also created a budget expenditure under the Ministry of 
Labor line specifically for child labor programs. 
 
 
 
¶3.       The GoM provided about USD 205,000 to the Ministry of 
Labor, about USD 2.1 million to Ministry of Gender , Children and 
Community Development, and other unspecified amounts to agencies 
such as Police, judiciary and Local Government. 
 
 
 
¶4.       The GoM mounted an awareness campaign against child labor, 
and provided manpower and facilitation for the preparation of child 
labor policies and action plans. 
 
 
 
¶5.       The GoM's overall efforts to serve children at risk 
through provision of resources, personnel and services is 
commendable but more work remains to be done if Malawi is to 
eliminate child labor. 
 
 
 
¶6.       No new agreement has been signed for the reporting period, 
¶2009.  However, the GoM is a signatory to the International Labor 
Conventions:  C29 and C105 (Forced Labor); C138 (Minimum age); C182 
(Worst Forms of Child Labor); and C81 (Labor Inspection).  Other 
relevant international treaties include the Palermo Protocol and 
the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Charter.  The GoM 
has demonstrated strong commitment to deal with child labor and any 
forms of child abuse.  This commitment has helped Malawi to put in 
place mechanisms at national as well as local level that aim to 
prevent and/or eliminate any forms of child exploitation. 
 
 
 
¶10.   (Reftel 2G)  Continual Progress: 
 
 
 
The GoM has made commendable progress on building an institutional 
framework, increasing public and civil awareness, and gathering 
support for a concerted drive to eliminate child exploitation of 
any type.  There is demonstrated support from all partners, local 
and foreign, as well as the political will to combat all ills 
affecting the children of Malawi.  Notable progress in 2009 
includes GoM efforts to strengthen the policy and legal environment 
to enhance the drive to eliminate child labor. 
BODDE