VZCZCXYZ0001
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DE RUEHBU #0138/01 0361508
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 051507Z FEB 10
FM AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC//INR/OPS// 0466
INFO MERCOSUR COLLECTIVE
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHINGTON DC

UNCLAS BUENOS AIRES 000138 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PINR PARM KSUM PINS PREL IAEA PTER AR
SUBJECT: ARGENTINA - PREPARATIONS FOR GLOBAL NUCLEAR SECURITY SUMMIT 
(C-WPO-00038) 
 
REF: C-WPO-00038 
 
¶1. (SBU) Emboffs met with Alberto Dojas, Deputy Director at the 
MFA's Direction for International Security and Nuclear Affairs 
(DIGAN), and with Francisco Spano and Elena Maceiras, respectively 
Chairman and Vice-President of the Nuclear Regulatory Agency (ARN), 
to discuss points raised in reftel.  Our interlocutors were open 
and forthcoming with the information provided.  Their replies to 
reftel questions follow. 
 
 
 
¶2. (SBU) DIGAN officials described Argentina's main concern in 
terms of nuclear security to be protection against theft or 
inadvertent diversion of nuclear fuels.  Although terrorist 
networks were not discounted as a threat, these officials viewed 
the most likely danger as being from international crime and 
trafficking networks that might turn to nuclear materials as a 
target of opportunity.  They felt that Argentina's reactors and 
fuel storage are well monitored and protected, but said that the 
GOA was always open to dialogue on the topic. 
 
 
 
¶3. (SBU) The officials did not offer a viewpoint on the most likely 
form nuclear terrorism might take or target, but believed that all 
nations have a responsibility to protect against it.  They did not 
discount the possibility that terrorists would in fact make use of 
devices if they could obtain them.  In addition to its opposition 
to terrorism in any form, Argentina also has a material interest in 
high safety and security standards for the industry worldwide.  It 
seeks participation in the global nuclear energy market and 
understands that a terrorist incident would harm growth prospects, 
and a theft of material in Argentina would tarnish its good image 
as a reliable exporter. 
 
 
 
¶4. (SBU) In terms of practical actions before the Summit, the GOA 
appears fully committed to signing a bilateral agreement to 
implement the Megaports initiative in country.  Key longstanding 
obstacles were resolved in November 2009 and the GOA is working to 
have the document ready for signature prior to the Summit. 
 
 
 
¶5. (SBU) ARN officials stressed that Argentina's approach to 
nuclear development has historically been holistic, with no new 
step taken without ensuring that a pre-existing regulatory 
framework was in place.  The step-by-step approach left no room to 
improvisation, and the officials noted that Argentina's excellence 
in safety, security and control was serving as model to neighboring 
countries, such as Uruguay, Chile and Peru.  The key to control and 
the ARN's guiding philosophy, they said, is a thorough follow-up of 
all nuclear materials throughout their life.  Their message was 
that a strong regulator is an important guarantee for nuclear 
security. 
 
 
 
¶6. (SBU) The ARN officials identified the most likely threat to be 
car-jacking, where criminals steal a vehicle, not knowing that it 
is transporting a small radiation source destined to medical use, 
and discard the source.  Thousands of movements of nuclear sources 
take place every year in Argentina, they said, with 99 percent of 
them being sources for medical use.  Another threat, which actually 
occurred in Argentina last year, is the theft of a radiation source 
for profit.  In last year's case, efficient inter-agency task force 
work allowed the GOA to recover the source within 48 hours and to 
arrest the perpetrator.  The likelihood of recovery in such a 
scenario was estimated to be high and the risk of significant 
contamination to be low. 
 
 
 
¶7. (SBU) The ARN officials rated the threat of an attack on a 
transport of nuclear material destined for a nuclear plant, or an 
attack on a nuclear facility, as extremely low.  They pointed out 
that all nuclear facilities are protected by the Gendarmerie, a 
well-trained paramilitary police force, and the Prefectura, an 
equivalent of our Coast Guard.  They added that a factor working in 
Argentina's favor is that all of the country's nuclear plants now 
use low-enriched uranium (LEU).  While terrorists or criminals 
could still use stolen LEU for a radiological dispersion device, 
they would be many crucial and difficult steps away from being able 
to use it for an improvised nuclear device. 
 
 
¶8. (SBU) The major preoccupation for the GOA, according to the ARN, 
is the threat posed by the stockpiles of highly enriched uranium 
(HEU) worldwide.  HEU poses a very real threat of direct use, if 
ever diverted or stolen.  The officials made it clear that 
Argentina's answer to the threat of nuclear theft was to convert 
its entire nuclear program to the use of LEU.  They highlighted 
their collaboration not only with neighboring countries but also 
within the Ibero-American Forum of Regulators, which they 
identified as an excellent venue for cooperation. 
 
 
 
¶9. (SBU) As for the upcoming Summit, Argentina's major 
preoccupation is to ensure that its focus is limited.  The ARN 
officials pointed out that the major threat worldwide is nuclear 
material and not radioactive material, and they stressed that this 
should remain the Summit's main axis.  They viewed the IAEA's 
tendency to treat both types of material in the same fashion as 
misguided.  They hoped that a balance would be reached at the 
Summit between the actions to be taken by nations that are major 
repositories of nuclear material, in particular HEU, and those that 
mostly deal with radioactive sources or with LEU.  They emphasized 
that whichever measures will be discussed must take this into 
account and be shared and balanced.  While noting that it is 
intrinsically each nation's responsibility to protect its own 
nuclear materials, the officials highlighted the need for a 
multilateral approach to security.  Argentina's goal at the Summit 
will be to focus on promoting LEU development and regulatory 
development as ways to mitigate the nuclear threat. 
MARTINEZ