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Viewing cable 09SINGAPORE1062, 2009-2010 INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL STRATEGY REPORT

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09SINGAPORE1062 2009-11-02 04:38 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Singapore
VZCZCXYZ0001
OO RUEHWEB

DE RUEHGP #1062/01 3060438
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O 020438Z NOV 09
FM AMEMBASSY SINGAPORE
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 7386
INFO RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC
RUEABND/DEA HQS WASHDC
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
UNCLAS SINGAPORE 001062 
 
SENSITIVE, SIPDIS 
 
INL - J. LYLE 
EAP/MTS - M. COPPOLA 
EAP/RSP - J. VORDERSTRASSE 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KCRM SNAR ECON ETRD PREL SN
SUBJECT: 2009-2010 INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL STRATEGY REPORT 
(INCSR) PART I, DRUGS AND CHEMICAL CONTROL 
 
REF:  STATE 97309 
 
1.  (U) Per reftel instructions, Post submits its draft 2009-2010 
International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Drugs and Chemical 
Control Section, Volume 1. 
 
2.  (SBU) Begin text. 
 
I. Summary 
 
The Government of Singapore (GOS) enforces stringent 
counter-narcotics policies through strict laws -- including the 
death penalty and corporal punishment -- vigorous law enforcement, 
and active prevention programs.  Singapore is not a producer of 
narcotics, but as a major regional financial and transportation 
center, it is an attractive target for money launderers and drug 
transshipment.  Singapore is widely recognized as one of the least 
corrupt countries in the world.  Corruption cases involving 
Singapore's counter-narcotics and law enforcement agencies are rare, 
and their officers regularly attend U.S.-sponsored training programs 
as well as regional forums on drug control.  Singapore is a party to 
the 1988 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in 
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance (UN Drug Convention). 
 
II. Status of Country. 
 
In 2008, there was no known production of illicit narcotics in 
Singapore.  Singapore is one of the busiest transshipment ports in 
the world.  The sheer volume of cargo passing through makes it 
likely that some illicit shipments of drugs and chemicals move 
undetected.  With few exceptions, Singapore does not screen 
containerized shipments unless they enter its customs territory. 
Neither Singapore Customs nor the Immigration and Checkpoints 
Authority (ICA) keeps data on in-transit or transshipped cargo 
unless a Singapore consignee is involved in the shipment. 
 
According to Government of Singapore (GOS) figures, authorities 
arrested 1,925 drug abusers in 2008, compared to 2,166 in 2007. 
Arrests of first-time offenders decreased to 508 in 2008 from 520 in 
2007.  In 2008 arrests of repeat drug offenders decreased to 1,417 
as compared to 1,691 in 2007.  Synthetic drug abusers, including 
abusers of methamphetamine, MDMA, Erimin-5, Buprenophine 
hydrochloride, and Nimetazepam, comprised 51 percent of total drug 
abusers in 2008, a drop from 63 percent in 2007.  However, the most 
significant increase was registered in the number of heroin abusers: 
 during 2007 heroin offenders accounted for 31 percent of total drug 
abusers; in 2008, they accounted for 46 percent.  Slight decreases 
were observed in the number of MDMA, Ketamine, and Nimetazepam 
abusers in 2008, while Buprenorphine abusers significantly decreased 
from 38 percent of all drug abusers in 2007 to 19 percent in 2008. 
 
III. Country Actions Against Drugs in 2008 
 
Policy Initiatives. 
 
Singapore continues to pursue a strategy of demand and supply 
reduction for drugs.  The GOS has worked closely with numerous 
international groups dedicated to drug education, including the 
Partnership for a Drug-Free America.  In addition to arresting drug 
traffickers, Singapore focuses on arresting and detaining drug 
abusers for treatment and rehabilitation, providing drug 
detoxification and rehabilitation, and offering vigorous drug 
education in its schools.  Singapore citizens and permanent 
residents are subject to random drug tests.  The Misuse of Drugs Act 
gives the Singapore Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB) the authority to 
commit drug abusers to rehabilitation centers for mandatory 
treatment and rehabilitation.  Individuals testing positive for 
consumption of narcotics are held accountable for narcotics consumed 
abroad as well as in Singapore. 
 
Singapore has continued efforts to curb abuse of synthetic drugs, 
among which Ketamine is the most prevalent.  Anyone in possession of 
more than 113g of Ketamine is presumed to be trafficking in the drug 
and can face maximum penalties of 20 years imprisonment and 15 
strokes of the cane. 
 
Repeat synthetic drug abusers are subject to long-term imprisonment. 
 Those arrested for a third time are subject to up to seven years 
imprisonment and seven strokes of the cane, and up to 13 years 
imprisonment and 12 strokes of the cane for subsequent offenses. 
Singapore's long-term imprisonment regime is a contributing factor 
in curbing the country's heroin use. 
 
The Misuse of Drugs Act classifies Buprenorphine, the active 
ingredient in Subutex, as a Class A Controlled Drug.  This means 
 
 
that, unless dispensed by a licensed physician or practitioner, the 
importation, distribution, possession, or consumption of Subutex is 
a felony offense.  Subutex is a heroin substitute clinically used in 
the detoxification and rehabilitation of heroin addicts. 
 
Law Enforcement Efforts. 
 
In 2008, authorities executed 41 major operations and dismantled 25 
drug syndicates.  Most arrests occurred during sweeps of drug 
distribution groups that had been infiltrated by undercover 
Singapore narcotics officers. 
 
CNB officers frequently perform undercover work, purchasing small, 
personal-use amounts of narcotics from generally low- and mid-level 
traffickers and drug abusers.  These sweeps often produce additional 
arrests when subjects present at arrest scenes test positive for 
narcotics in their system. 
 
A new trafficking trend observed in 2008 was the use of Singaporean 
females as couriers for West African drug trafficking groups. 
Several Singaporean women were arrested in Asia, Europe, and South 
America while attempting to receive or deliver drugs. The Government 
of Singapore has created public service announcements to warn women 
of West African men attempting to gain their trust and induce them 
to assist in drug trafficking activities. 
 
Singapore's CNB seized the following quantities of narcotics in 
2008:  44.2 kg of heroin; 3.3 kg of cannabis; 6,948 tablets of MDMA; 
1.8 kg of crystal Methamphetamine; 1,130 tablets of tablet 
Methamphetamine; 13.5 kg of Ketamine; 37,181 Nimetazepam tablets; 
and 2,092 Buprenorphine tablets. 
 
Corruption. 
 
Singapore's Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) 
investigates allegations of corruption at all levels of government. 
Neither the government nor any senior government officials are known 
to engage in, encourage, or facilitate the production or 
distribution of narcotics or other controlled substances or the 
laundering of proceeds from illegal drug transactions.  The CNB is 
charged with enforcing Singapore's counter-narcotics laws. Its 
officers and other elements of the Singapore Police Force are 
well-trained professional investigators. 
 
Agreements and Treaties. 
 
Singapore is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention, the 1961 UN 
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs as amended by the 1972 Protocol, 
and the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances.  Singapore 
and the United States continue to cooperate in extradition matters 
under the 1931 U.S.-UK Extradition Treaty.  Singapore and the United 
States signed a Drug Designation Agreement (DDA), a mutual 
assistance agreement limited to drug cases, in November 2000. 
Singapore has signed mutual legal assistance agreements with Hong 
Kong and ASEAN.  The United States and Singapore have held 
discussions on a possible bilateral MLAT, most recently in December 
2005, although there have been no formal negotiations since 2004. 
Singapore has ratified the UN Convention against Transnational 
Organized Crime but has not signed any of its protocols.  Singapore 
has signed but not ratified the UN Convention against Corruption. 
Singapore's domestic legislation allows for mutual legal assistance 
cooperation with countries with which Singapore does not have a 
bilateral treaty. 
 
Cultivation/Production. 
 
There was no known cultivation or production of narcotics in 
Singapore in 2008. 
 
Drug Flow/Transit. 
 
Singapore is one of the busiest seaports in the world. 
Approximately 80 percent of the goods flowing through its port are 
in transit or are transshipped and do not enter Singapore's customs 
area.  Similarly, the Port of Singapore is the second largest 
transshipment port in the world for cargo containers destined for 
the United States.  According to Government of Singapore statistics, 
in 2008, 1.6 million gross tons (GT) of shipping passed through the 
maritime Port of Singapore.  This represents an increase of 11 
percent from the previous record of 1.5 million GT set in 2007. 
Given the extraordinary volume of cargo shipped through the port, it 
is highly likely that some of it contains illicit materials.  In 
2008 there were instances of drugs being shipped through Singapore 
to final destinations elsewhere in Asia. 
 
 
 
Singapore does not require shipping lines to submit data on the 
declared contents of transshipment or transit cargo unless there is 
a Singapore consignee to the transaction.  The lack of such 
information creates enforcement challenges.  Singapore Customs 
authorities rely on intelligence to uncover and interdict illegal 
shipments.  They reported no seizures of transit or transshipped 
cargoes involving illicit narcotics shipments in 2008.  GOS 
officials have been reluctant to impose tighter reporting or 
inspection requirements at the port, citing concerns that 
inspections could interfere with the free flow of goods, thus 
jeopardizing Singapore's position as the region's primary 
transshipment port. 
 
When Singapore scrutinizes goods, it does so primarily as part of an 
enhanced posture to combat terrorism and control the proliferation 
of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and their precursors.  In 2003 
Singapore became the first Asian port to join the Container Security 
Initiative (CSI), under which U.S. Customs personnel prescreen 
U.S.-bound cargo.  Singapore also participates in other 
counterterrorism-related programs, such as the Proliferation 
Security Initiative and the Megaports Initiative.  Singapore 
implemented an expanded strategic goods control list effective 
January 2008.  While these initiatives aim to prevent WMD from 
entering the United States, the increased scrutiny and information 
they generate could also aid drug interdiction efforts. 
 
Singapore is a major regional aviation hub. In 2008, Changi 
International Airport handled 37.7 million passengers, a 3 percent 
increase over 2007 figures. The Changi Airfreight Center is one of 
the world's busiest and operates as a free trade zone where 
companies can move, consolidate, store, or repack cargo without need 
for documentation or payment of customs duties. 
 
Domestic Programs/Demand Reduction. 
 
Singapore uses a combination of punishment and rehabilitation 
against first-time drug offenders.  Rehabilitation of drug abusers 
typically occurs during incarceration.  The government may detain 
addicts for rehabilitation for up to three years.  Similarly, under 
Singapore's "three strikes" laws, third-time convicted drug 
offenders are subject to a minimum of five years imprisonment and 
three strokes of the cane.  In an effort to discourage drug use 
during travel abroad, CNB officers may require urinalysis tests for 
Singapore citizens and permanent residents returning from outside 
the country.  Those who test positive are treated as if they had 
consumed the illegal drug in Singapore.  Depending on the quantity 
of drugs involved, convicted drug traffickers may be subject to the 
death penalty, regardless of nationality. 
 
Adopting the theme, "Prevention: The Best Remedy," Singapore 
authorities organize sporting events, concerts, plays, and other 
activities to reach out to all segments of society on drug 
prevention.  Drug treatment centers, halfway houses, and job 
placement programs exist to help addicts reintegrate into society. 
 
IV. U.S. Policy Initiatives and Programs 
 
Bilateral Cooperation. 
 
Singapore and the United States enjoy good law enforcement 
cooperation with respect to narcotics issues under the DDA.  In 
2008, approximately 12 GOS law enforcement officials attended drug 
training courses at the International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) 
in Bangkok. 
 
under the terms of the DDA, the GOS has cooperated with the United 
States and other countries in the forfeiture of drug-related 
proceeds discovered in Singapore banks, including the equitable 
sharing of such funds with the United States. 
 
The Road Ahead. 
 
The United States will continue to work closely with Singapore 
authorities on all narcotics trafficking and related matters. 
Increased customs cooperation under CSI and other initiatives will 
help further strengthen law enforcement cooperation. 
 
SHIELDS