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Viewing cable 09NEWDELHI2140, Antrix: The Commercial Door for India's Space Program

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09NEWDELHI2140 2009-10-21 13:58 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy New Delhi
VZCZCXRO6480
OO RUEHC RUEHSD
DE RUEHNE #2140/01 2941358
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O 211358Z OCT 09  ZDK ZDK ZDK UR SVC
FM AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 8312
INFO RUCNCLS/ALL SOUTH AND CENTRAL ASIA COLLECTIVE
RUEHZN/ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLECTIVE
RHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHDC
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RUEHRC/DEPT OF AGRICULTURE WASHDC
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHDC
RHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHDC
RHEFDIA/DIA WASHDC
RUETIAA/DIRNSA FT GEORGE G MEADE MD
RUEIDN/DNI WASHINGTON DC
RHHMUNA/HQ USPACOM HONOLULU HI
RHMCSUU/HQ USSOCOM MACDILL AFB FL
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHDC
RHMCSUU/NGIC INTEL OPS CHARLOTTESVILLE VA
RUCPDC/NOAA NMFS WASHINGTON DC
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA 8592
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 8562
RHEHAAA/WHITE HOUSE WASHDC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 NEW DELHI 002140 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR OES/PCI, OES/PDAS, OES/STC, OES/SAT, OES/EGC, OES/IHB, AND 
SCA/INS 
STATE FOR STAS 
STATE FOR EEB/DAVID HENRY 
STATE PASS TO NSF FOR INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS 
PASS TO MAS/DAS/JESTRADA 
PASS TO MAC/DAS/HVINEYARD 
PASS TO NSF/MLUECK 
PASS TO NASA/OER (MCINTOSH/WILLIAMS/KAMM) 
SLUG TO DOE/DAS/JMIZROCH; DOE/MGINZBERG 
SLUG TO DOE/ (TCUTLER/GBISCONTI/CGILLESPIE) 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: TSPA KSCA TSPL KBIO PREL TPHY EIND SENV IN
 
SUBJECT:  Antrix:  The Commercial Door for India's Space Program 
 
REF: 09 NEW DELHI 705 
 
NEW DELHI 00002140  001.2 OF 004 
 
 
1. (SBU) SUMMARY: Antrix sells Indian space capabilities to the 
commercial market, including foreign governments and private 
companies, but the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is 
responsible for delivering those capabilities.  Antrix's budget and 
income sources are not published and many details of its operations 
and connections with other Government of India (GOI) bodies are 
unclear.   Although a relationship between India's civil and 
military space activities certainly exists, it is not transparent. 
It is therefore difficult to estimate the risk of dual-use 
technology transfer for projects contracted through Antrix.  END 
SUMMARY 
 
 
HOW DOES ANTRIX FIT INTO INDIA'S SPACE PICTURE? 
 
2. (U) The Department of Space (DOS) is officially headed by the 
Prime Minister and guided by the Space Commission.  According to its 
organizational charts, DOS has three main sub-organizations: Antrix, 
the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), and a group of 
laboratories bureaucratically separate from ISRO.  Antrix is a 
wholly government owned company billed as the commercial arm of 
ISRO.  Its website (www.antrix.gov.in) suggests it is a "one-stop 
shop" for space products and engages in eight business areas: remote 
sensing services, spacecraft systems and subsystems, transponder 
leasing services, launch services, mission support services, ground 
system services, spacecraft testing facilities, and training and 
consultancy services.  ISRO is responsible for research, 
development, management and operation of India's space capabilities 
for government, commercial and at least some defense applications. 
 
 
3. (SBU) Despite being listed as a separate agency on the DOS 
organization chart, Antrix is better understood as an integral part 
of ISRO.  DOS Secretary Dr. Madhavan Nair is triple-hatted as the 
Chairman of both ISRO and Antrix, as well as Secretary of the 
Department of Space.  Antrix is co-located with ISRO's headquarters 
in Bangalore and does not have a separate address of its own. 
ISRO's International Relations officer D. Gowrisankar describes 
Antrix as a "commercial door" that gives non-GOI entities access to 
ISRO's capabilities, and he emphasizes the need to understand that 
ISRO and Antrix are essentially one entity. 
 
4. (SBU) Muriel Noca, program manager for the Swiss Cubesat launched 
by ISRO on September 23, told ESTOff that her organization 
negotiated and signed a contract with Antrix, but all coordination 
for launch activities was actually done with ISRO.  A partial list 
of Antrix customers and the products they have delivered can be 
found on its website.  (Comment: We understand that Antrix does not 
possess any of the necessary expertise or capacity for designing, 
building, or launching; ISRO is responsible for implementing what 
Antrix sells. End Comment.) 
 
5. (SBU) USG scientists have told EmbOffs that they avoid dealing 
with Antrix wherever possible, preferring to pursue official 
"government-to-government" agreements with ISRO, the Ministry of 
Earth Sciences, and other government organizations.  In part, this 
is because Antrix has created difficulties in negotiations by, for 
 
NEW DELHI 00002140  002 OF 004 
 
 
example, wanting to charge fees for intra-USG sharing of information 
acquired from joint satellite projects. 
 
 
ANTRIX BUDGET AND INCOME SOURCES UNPUBLISHED 
 
6. (SBU) Information on Antrix's budget and income sources is not 
readily available.  Gowrisankar and an Antrix consultant have told 
Emboffs that Antrix gets its budget from the GOI and that all 
revenues from sales go back to the GOI treasury, but they also 
suggested that Antrix was looking to change this to keep more of 
what it sells.  In a June 2009 press interview, Antrix Managing 
Director R. Sridhar Murthy said that revenue for 2007-08 was INR 940 
crore (just over USD 200 million at an exchange rate of 46 INR/1 
USD), he hoped 2008-2009 revenue would exceed INR 1,000 crore (USD 
217 million), and noted that Antrix had a backlog of orders worth 
INR 3,000 crore (USD 651 million) that they anticipated completing 
over the next 3-4 years. 
 
7. (U) ISRO posts its budget information on its website 
(www.isro.org), including statements of its monthly accounts dating 
back to May 2005.  For fiscal year 2008-2009, ISRO's budget was INR 
40.7 billion (approximately USD 840 million at current exchange 
rates), revised downwards to INR 34.9 billion (USD 721 million). 
The budget for 2009-2010 is nearly 22 percent larger than the 
previous year, at INR 49.6 billion (USD 1 billion).  The ISRO budget 
breaks down into 5 areas:  space technology (USD 698 million), space 
applications (USD 112 million), space sciences (USD 58.5 million), 
INSAT (USD 92 million), and administrative (USD 60.8 million). 
 
 
NO BRIGHT BORDERS BETWEEN ISRO AND INDIA'S MILITARY 
 
8. (SBU) There are significant gaps in our understanding of ISRO's 
current relationship with the Ministry of Defense (MOD) and Defense 
Research and Development Organization (DRDO), making it difficult to 
characterize the potential for transfer to defense applications of 
any technologies shared with ISRO.  However, it appears very likely 
that some links currently exist between the civilian and defense 
organizations.  Collaboration and technology transfer have taken 
place in the past.  Several prominent personalities have served at 
both DRDO and ISRO - notably current ISRO Scientific Secretary 
Appana Bhaskaranarayana (who will head ISRO's negotiating team at 
the CSLA talks) and former Indian President Abdul Kalam who at one 
time left ISRO to head India's missile program at DRDO.  ISRO's 
Delhi-based representative explicitly said that it was developing 
indigenous GPS capabilities to support strategic defense 
applications. (REFTEL) 
 
9. (SBU) ISRO has launched MOD satellite payloads, and provides 
remote sensing and radar data from its ostensibly civilian 
satellites to MOD for military applications.  News articles report 
that ISRO has not released information related to defense-related 
research conducted at its laboratories despite right-to-information 
act requests.  The MOD has developed a space cell (though it has not 
yet, to our knowledge, instituted a planned aerospace command) to 
coordinate with ISRO.  The MOD acknowledged that it previously used 
ISRO engine technology in its development of ballistic missiles. 
 
 
NEW DELHI 00002140  003 OF 004 
 
 
10. (SBU) COMMENT: ISRO's achievements are widely admired across 
India and a source of pride for government officials and the general 
public.  Much of ISRO's space technology was developed while India 
was under sanctions that prevented cooperation with the United 
States and other countries.  This contributed to creating a culture 
that is not readily disposed towards sharing information with 
outsiders.  It also helped generate a strong sense of prickly pride 
about ISRO's "indigenous" achievements that make the organization 
largely unwilling to share credit publicly for joint ventures, and 
quick to blame foreign partners when things go wrong.  End Comment. 
 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF KEY ANTRIX AND ISRO OFFICERS 
 
DR. MADHAVAN NAIR, SECRETARY DOS, CHAIRMAN OF ANTRIX AND ISRO 
 
11. (SBU) Dr. Nair assumed charge in September 2003, and news 
reports suggest that he may retire at the end of October.  A protege 
of former Indian President Kalam and former Project Director at the 
Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC), Dr. Nair is a leading rocket 
systems technologist and made significant contributions to the 
development of multistage satellite launch vehicles.  He was also 
instrumental in the indigenous development of liquid propulsion 
cryogenic engines, helping India overcome trade sanctions that had 
been imposed in response to India's 1998 nuclear tests.  Born in 
1943, Dr. Nair has eight published works and has received more than 
35 awards and honors, including India's third and second highest 
civilian awards.  A devoted Indian nationalist, Dr. Nair remains one 
of the few top scientists in India who has never received any 
foreign education or training.  In meetings, he regularly emphasizes 
India's "indigenous" achievements, especially self-reliance in high 
technology areas and bringing the benefits of space technology to 
the Indian people, especially the rural poor.  During his tenure, 
Dr. Nair has championed programs including tele-education and 
tele-medicine, which today connect over 10,000 classrooms and extend 
to over 220 hospitals many in rural and other under-served areas. 
(Note: In meetings, ISRO officials tend to point to these types of 
activities to justify spending over a billion dollars on space while 
a vast majority of India's populations still survives on less than 
USD 2 dollars per day. End Note.) 
 
K. RADHAKRISHNAN, DIRECTOR, VSSC 
 
12. (SBU) News reports suggest that once Dr. Nair retires, 
Radhakrishnan is likely to take his place.  Prior to taking charge 
of VSSC in December 2007, Radhakrishnan headed the National Remote 
Sensing Agency (NRSA), the organization that supplies satellite 
imagery to Indian governmental departments, and was also Director of 
ISRO's Budget and Economic Management Analysis.  Under his watch, 
ISRO saw the expansion of its budget and the creation of Antrix.  He 
is a key player in ISRO, has been a member of the Indian delegation 
to the UN Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space since June 
2006, was Vice Chairman of the inter-governmental Oceanographic 
Commission of UNESCO, and founder of the Indian Ocean Global Ocean 
Observing System. 
 
SRIDHARA MURTHY, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, ANTRIX CORPORATION 
 
13. (SBU) Murthy is currently Executive Director of Antrix, and 
 
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previously served as ISRO's Scientific Secretary.  He was 
instrumental in opening up the lucrative launch services market for 
Antrix, achieving a commercial launch services agreement with the 
European Space Agency that enabled the launch of six European 
satellites in 2008.  He also negotiated the launch in February 2009 
of Techstar, Israel's first dedicated surveillance satellite. 
During his tenure as ISRO's Scientific Secretary, he oversaw the 
first US-India Space Conference in 2004 and set the stage for ISRO's 
active cooperation with NASA.  He holds a post-graduate degree from 
the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. 
 
APPANA BHASKARANARAYANA, ISRO SCIENTIFIC SECRETARY 
 
14. (SBU) Bhaskaranarayana became ISRO's Scientific Secretary in 
2007, and manages the organization's satellite programs and 
associated applications.  He obtained a Bachelor's degree in 
Technology from the Indian Institute of Technology of Chennai in 
1960, and began by designing and developing communication systems. 
We know little about his career before 2007, but have heard from a 
source close to ISRO that he spent much of his time at DRDO before 
coming to ISRO. 
 
Roemer