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S E C R E T GENEVA 000856 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR T, VCI AND EUR/PRA 
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E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/21/2019 
TAGS: KACT MARR PARM PREL RS US START
SUBJECT: START FOLLOW-ON NEGOTIATIONS, GENEVA (SFO-GVA-V): 
(U) U.S.-PROPOSED TREATY JOINT DRAFT TEXT, OCTOBER 1, 2009 
 
Classified By:  A/S Rose E. Gottemoeller, United States 
START Negotiator.  Reasons:  1.4(b) and (d). 
 
¶1.  (U) This is SFO-GVA-V-044. 
 
¶2.  (S) The text at paragraph 3 is the U.S.-proposed treaty 
text for the START Follow-on Treaty.  The text was provided 
to the Russian delegation on October 1, 2009, at the plenary 
meeting. 
 
¶3.  (S) Begin text: 
 
                                                SFO-V 
                                                U.S. Proposed 
                                                Joint Draft 
Text 
                                                October 1, 
2009 
 
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE RUSSIAN 
FEDERATION ON MEASURES FOR THE FURTHER REDUCTION AND 
LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE ARMS 
 
      The United States of America and the Russian 
Federation, hereinafter referred to as the Parties, 
 
      Committed to the fulfillment of their obligations under 
Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
Weapons of July 1, 1968, and to the achievement of the 
historic goal of freeing humanity from the nuclear threat, 
 
      Expressing strong support for global efforts in 
non-proliferation, 
 
      ((Conscious that nuclear war would have devastating 
consequences for all humanity, that it cannot be won and must 
never be fought,))1 
 
      Endeavoring to further reduce the role and importance 
of nuclear weapons, 
 
      Continuing along the path of forging a new strategic 
relationship based on mutual trust, openness, predictability, 
and cooperation, and desiring to bring their respective 
nuclear postures into alignment with this new relationship, 
 
      ((Guided by the principle of (undiminished security of 
the Parties) (equal security for the Parties) and 
convinced))2  ((Convinced))1  that the measures for the 
reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms and the 
other obligations set forth in this Treaty will enhance 
predictability and stability in strategic offensive arms, 
 
      Taking into account the positive effect on the world 
situation of significant, verifiable reduction of nuclear 
arsenals at the turn of the 21st century; 
 
      ((Desiring to create a mechanism for verifying 
compliance with the obligations under this Treaty, based on 
the procedures that were elaborated in the START Treaty, and 
supplemented by transparency and confidence-building 
measures;))1 
 
      Seeking to preserve continuity in, and provide new 
 
impetus to, the step-by-step process of reducing and limiting 
nuclear arms while maintaining the safety and security of 
their nuclear arsenals, and with a view to expanding this 
process in the future, including the possibility of its 
multilateralization, 
 
      Recognizing the ((inseparable))2  interrelationship 
between ((the reduction of))2  strategic offensive ((arms))2 
and ((defensive arms))1  ((the deployment and build up of 
strategic missile defense systems and their components))2, 
 
      ((Mindful of the significance of strategic ballistic 
missiles))1  ((In agreement that ICBMs and SLBMs))2  in a 
non-nuclear configuration ((have an impact on strategic 
stability))2, 
 
      Recognizing that the Treaty Between the Union of Soviet 
Socialist Republics and the United States of America on the 
Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms of July 
31, 1991, hereinafter referred to as the START Treaty, has 
been implemented by the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of 
Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the United 
States of America and that the reduction levels envisaged by 
the Treaty were achieved, 
 
      Deeply appreciating the contribution of the Republic of 
Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and Ukraine to ((the 
cause of general and complete disarmament and))2 
strengthening international peace and security as 
non-nuclear-weapon states ((under the Treaty on the 
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of July 1, 1968))1, 
 
      Noting the ((reductions in strategic nuclear warheads 
carried out under))1  ((successful implementation of))2  the 
Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian 
Federation on Strategic Offensive Reductions of May 24, 2002, 
 
      ((Believing that global challenges and threats require 
continued use of qualitatively new approaches to interaction 
on the whole range of strategic relations))1, 
 
      Have agreed as follows: 
 
Article I 
 
((1. Each Party shall implement measures aimed at 
strengthening trust, openness, and predictability of the 
development of strategic relations, and))2 (Each Party))1 
shall reduce and limit its strategic offensive arms in 
accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and shall carry 
out the other obligations set forth in this Treaty and its 
Annex((es, Protocols, and Memorandum of Understanding))1. 
 
((2. The obligations under this Treaty shall be assumed by 
the Parties in conditions where they have strategic missile 
defense systems, hereinafter referred to as MD systems, at 
the level existing at the time of Treaty signature.)) 2 
 
((3. The terms and definitions adopted for purposes of this 
Treaty are given in Section I of the Annex to this Treaty.))2 
 
Article II 
 
((1.))2  Each Party shall reduce and limit its ICBMs and ICBM 
 
launchers, SLBMs and SLBM launchers, heavy bombers, ICBM 
warheads, SLBM warheads, and heavy bomber ((nuclear))2 
armaments, so that seven years after entry into force of this 
Treaty and thereafter, the aggregate numbers, as counted in 
accordance with Article III of this Treaty, do not exceed: 
 
      (a) (((500 - 1100)))1  ((500))2, for deployed ICBMs 
((and their associated launchers))1  deployed SLBMs ((and 
their associated launchers))1, and deployed heavy bombers; 
 
      (b) (((1500-1675)))1  ((1675))2, for ((nuclear))1 
warheads on deployed ICBMs, ((on))1  deployed SLBMs, and ((on 
or associated with))1  deployed heavy bombers ((.))1 ((; 
and))2 
 
      (((c) 600, ICBM and SLBM launchers.))2 
 
((2. Each Party shall determine for itself the composition 
and structure of its strategic offensive arms, based on the 
aggregate limits provided for in this Article.))2 
 
Article III 
 
¶1. For the purposes of counting toward the ((aggregate))2 
limit provided for in subparagraph ((1))2 (a) of Article II 
of this Treaty: 
 
      (a) Each deployed ICBM ((and its associated launcher))1 
 shall be counted as one unit. 
 
      (b) Each deployed SLBM ((and its associated launcher))1 
 shall be counted as one unit. 
 
      (c) Each deployed heavy bomber shall be counted as one 
unit. 
 
¶2. For the purposes of counting toward the ((aggregate))2 
limit provided for in subparagraph ((1))2  (b) of Article II 
of this Treaty: 
 
      (a) ((For ICBMs and SLBMs, the number of nuclear 
warheads shall be the number of nuclear-armed reentry 
vehicles emplaced on deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs.))1 
((Each reentry vehicle on deployed ICBMs or SLBMs shall be 
counted as one warhead.))2  ((The number of non-nuclear-armed 
reentry vehicles emplaced on deployed ICBMs and deployed 
SLBMs shall not be included in this number.))1 
 
      (b) ((For deployed heavy bombers, the number of nuclear 
warheads shall be the number of nuclear armaments loaded on 
deployed heavy bombers and in nuclear armaments weapons 
storage areas associated with air bases where deployed heavy 
bombers are based.))1 ((Each long-range nuclear ALCM and each 
other heavy bomber nuclear armament, other than a long-range 
nuclear ALCM, on deployed heavy bombers shall be counted as 
one warhead.))2  ((The number of non-nuclear armaments loaded 
on deployed heavy bombers and in such nuclear armaments 
weapons storage areas shall not be included in this number.))1 
 
((3. For the purposes of counting toward the aggregate limit 
provided for in subparagraph 1 (c) of Article II of this 
Treaty, each deployed launcher of ICBMs and SLBMs, as well as 
each non-deployed launcher of ICBMs and SLBMs shall be 
counted as one unit.))2 
 
 
((3. For the purposes of counting deployed ICBMs and their 
associated launchers and deployed SLBMs and their associated 
launchers: 
 
      (a) Each deployed launcher of ICBMs and each deployed 
launcher of SLBMs shall be considered to contain one deployed 
ICBM or one deployed SLBM, respectively. 
 
      (b) If a deployed ICBM has been removed from its 
launcher and another missile has not been installed in that 
launcher, such an ICBM removed from its launcher and located 
at that ICBM base shall continue to be considered to be 
contained in that launcher. 
 
      (c) If a deployed SLBM has been removed from its 
launcher and another missile has not been installed in that 
launcher, such an SLBM removed from its launcher shall be 
considered to be contained in that launcher.  Such an SLBM 
removed from its launcher shall be located only at a facility 
at which non-deployed SLBMs may be located pursuant to 
subparagraph 3(a) of Article IV of this Treaty or be in 
movement to such a facility.))1 
 
((4. For the purposes of this Treaty, including counting 
ICBMs and SLBMs: 
 
      (a) For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and 
transported in stages, the first stage of an ICBM or SLBM of 
a particular type shall be considered to be an ICBM or SLBM 
of that type. 
 
      (b) For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and 
transported as assembled missiles without launch canisters, 
an assembled missile of a particular type shall be considered 
to be an ICBM or SLBM of that type. 
 
      (c) For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and 
transported as assembled missiles in launch canisters, an 
assembled missile of a particular type, in its launch 
canister, shall be considered to be an ICBM or SLBM of that 
type. 
 
      (d) Each launch canister shall be considered to contain 
an ICBM or SLBM from the time it first leaves a facility at 
which an ICBM or SLBM is installed in it until an ICBM or 
SLBM has been launched from it or until an ICBM or SLBM has 
been removed from it for elimination.  A launch canister 
shall not be considered to contain an ICBM or SLBM if it 
contains a training model of a missile or has been placed on 
static display.  Launch canisters for ICBMs or SLBMs of a 
particular type shall be distinguishable from launch 
canisters for ICBMs or SLBMs of a different type.))1 
 
((4. Strategic offensive arms shall be counted toward the 
aggregate limits provided for in this Treaty as follows: 
 
      (a) ICBMs: from the time an ICBM is placed in (on) an 
ICBM launcher, to the time the ICBM is removed from (taken 
off) the ICBM launcher; 
 
      (b) SLBMs: from the time an SLBM is placed in an SLBM 
launcher, to the time the SLBM is removed from the SLBM 
launcher; 
 
 
      (c) heavy bombers: from the time a heavy bomber 
equipped for nuclear armaments first arrives at an air base 
for heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments, to the time 
when the heavy-bomber conversion or elimination procedures 
have been completed; 
 
      (d) warheads: 
 
(i) on ICBMs: from the time each reentry vehicle is placed on 
a deployed ICBM, to the time each reentry vehicle is taken 
off the deployed ICBM or the deployed ICBM with the front 
section containing reentry vehicles is removed from (taken 
off) the launcher; 
 
(ii) on SLBMs: from the time each reentry vehicle is placed 
on a deployed SLBM, to the time each reentry vehicle is taken 
off the deployed SLBM or the deployed SLBM with the front 
section containing reentry vehicles is removed from the 
launcher; 
 
(iii) on heavy bombers: from the time each long-range nuclear 
ALCM or each other nuclear armament, other than a long-range 
nuclear ALCM, is placed on a deployed heavy bomber, to the 
time the enumerated nuclear armaments are taken off the 
deployed heavy bomber; 
 
      (e) ICBM and SLBM launchers: 
 
(i) silo launcher of ICBMs: from the time the protective 
device is first installed and closed, to the time the 
protective device of the silo launcher of ICBMs is dismantled; 
 
(ii) mobile launcher of ICBMs: from the time a mobile 
launcher of ICBMs arrives at an ICBM base, to the time when 
the conversion or elimination procedures for a mobile 
launcher of ICBMs have been completed, or the time of its 
return to a production facility; 
 
(iii) SLBM launcher: when a submarine coming from a 
production facility arrives at a base for submarines with 
SLBM launchers, to the time when the conversion or 
elimination procedures for an SLBM launcher have been 
completed.))2 
 
((5. For the purposes of this Treaty, each reentry vehicle on 
an ICBM or SLBM shall be considered to be one nuclear warhead 
unless demonstrated otherwise.))1 
 
((6. For purposes of this Treaty, each nuclear armament 
loaded on deployed heavy bombers and in nuclear armaments 
weapons storage areas associated with air bases where 
deployed heavy bombers are based shall be considered to be 
one nuclear warhead.))1 
 
((7.))1  ((2. (Article IV)))2 Newly constructed strategic 
offensive arms shall begin to be subject to the limitations 
provided for in this Treaty as follows: 
 
      (a) an ICBM when ((it))1  ((an ICBM or the first stage 
of an ICBM that are (sic) maintained, stored, and transported 
in stages,))2  first leaves the production facility; 
 
      (((b)))1  (((d)(ii)))2  a mobile launcher of ICBMs, 
 
when ((it))1  ((a mobile launcher of ICBMs))2  first leaves a 
production facility ((for mobile launchers of ICBMs))1; 
 
      (((c)))1  (((d)(i)))2   a silo launcher of ICBMs, when 
((excavation for that launcher has been completed and the 
pouring of concrete for the silo has been completed, or 12 
months after the excavation begins, whichever occurs 
earlier))1 ((when the protective device is first installed 
and closed))2; 
 
      (((d) for the purpose of counting a deployed ICBM and 
its associated launcher, a silo launcher of ICBMs shall be 
considered to contain a deployed ICBM when excavation for 
that launcher has been completed and the pouring of concrete 
for the silo has been completed, or 12 months after the 
excavation begins, whichever occurs earlier, and a mobile 
launcher of ICBMs shall be considered to contain a deployed 
ICBM when it arrives at a maintenance facility, or when it 
leaves an ICBM loading facility;))1 
 
      (((e)))1  (((b)))2  an SLBM, when ((it))1  ((an SLBM or 
the first stage of an SLBM that are (sic) maintained, stored, 
and transported in stages,))2  first leaves a production 
facility; 
 
      (((f)))1  (((d)(iii)))2  an SLBM launcher, when the 
submarine on which that launcher is installed is first 
launched; 
 
      (((g) for the purpose of counting a deployed SLBM and 
its associated launcher, an SLBM launcher shall be considered 
to contain a deployed SLBM when the submarine on which that 
launcher is installed is first launched;))1 
 
      (((h)))1  (((c)))2 a heavy bomber ((equipped for 
nuclear armaments,))1 when ((its))1  ((the))2 airframe ((of a 
heavy bomber))2  is first brought out of the shop, plant, or 
building in which ((components of such a heavy bomber are 
assembled to produce complete airframes;))1  ((the entire 
airframe is assembled from heavy bomber components))2  ((or 
when its airframe is first brought out of the shop, plant, or 
building in which existing bomber airframes are converted to 
such heavy bomber airframes))1. 
 
((3. (Article IV)  In those cases not provided for by the 
provisions of this Treaty, strategic offensive arms shall 
begin to be subject to the limitations provided for in this 
Treaty in accordance with procedures to be agreed by the 
Parties in the Bilateral Consultative Commission.))2 
((8. For the purposes of this Treaty: 
 
      (a) Only the following types of ICBMs, SLBMs and heavy 
bombers shall be subject to the limitations of this Treaty: 
 
i. Existing types listed in paragraph 9 of this Article; 
ii. New types declared after the date of signature of this 
Treaty; and 
iii. Other types if deployed for nuclear weapons after the 
date of signature of this Treaty.))1 
 
      (((b)))1  ((4. (Article IV)))2  ((A ballistic missile 
of a type))1 ((Ballistic missiles that have been))2 developed 
and tested solely to intercept and counter objects not 
located on the surface of the Earth shall not be considered 
 
to be ((a))1  ballistic missile((s))2 to which the 
limitations provided for in this Treaty apply.  ((Such 
missiles shall not be given the capabilities of ICBMS or 
SLBMs; these missiles and their launchers shall have 
verifiable differences from the existing types of ICBMs and 
SLBMs and their launchers.))2 
 
((The procedures for confirming the presence of the 
above-mentioned differences shall be subject to agreement by 
the Parties in the Bilateral Consultative Commission.))2 
 
      (((c) A new type of ballistic missile developed and 
tested solely for the delivery of non-nuclear armaments shall 
not be considered to be a ballistic missile to which the 
limitations provided for in this Treaty apply.))1 
 
      (((d) If a new type of ballistic missile has been 
flight-tested or deployed for nuclear weapon delivery, all 
ballistic missiles of that type shall be considered to be 
ballistic missiles to which the limitations provided for in 
this Treaty apply.))1 
 
      (((e) Within the same type, a heavy bomber equipped for 
nuclear armaments shall be distinguishable from a heavy 
bomber equipped for non-nuclear armaments.))1 
 
      (((f) Mobile launchers of ICBMs of each new type of 
ICBM shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs 
of existing types of ICBMs and from mobile launchers of ICBMs 
of other new types of ICBMs.  Such new launchers, with their 
associated missiles installed, shall be distinguishable from 
mobile launchers of ICBMs of existing types of ICBMs with 
their associated missiles installed, and from mobile 
launchers of ICBMs of other new types of ICBMs with their 
associated missiles installed.))1 
 
      (((g) Mobile launchers of ICBMs converted into 
launchers of ICBMs of another type of ICBM shall be 
distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs of the 
previous type of ICBM.  Such converted launchers, with their 
associated missiles installed, shall be distinguishable from 
mobile launchers of ICBMs of the previous type of ICBM with 
their associated missiles installed.  Conversion of mobile 
launchers of ICBMs shall be carried out in accordance with 
procedures to be agreed within the framework of the Bilateral 
Consultative Commission.))1 
 
((9.))1  ((1. (Article IV)))2 As of the date of signature of 
this Treaty: 
 
      (a) Existing types of ICBMs ((and SLBMs))1 are: 
 
(i) for the United States of America, the types of 
((missiles))1  ((ICBMs))2  designated by the United States of 
America as, and known to the Russian Federation as, Minuteman 
III((, and Trident II))1; 
 
(ii) for the Russian Federation, the types of ((missiles))1 
((ICBMs))2  designated by the Russian Federation as RS-12M, 
RS-18, and RS-20, which are known to the United States of 
America as SS-25, SS-19, and SS-18, ((respectively))2; 
 
      (((b) Existing types of SLBMs are: 
 
(i) for the United States of America, the types of SLBMs 
designated by the United States of America and known to the 
Russian Federation as             ;))2 
 
(((ii) for the Russian Federation,))2  ((and))1 the types of 
((missiles))1  ((SLBMs))2   designated by the Russian 
Federation as RSM-50, RSM-52, RSM-54, and RSM-56, which are 
known to the United States of America as SS-N-18, SS-N-20, 
SS-N-23, and RSM-56, respectively. 
 
      (((b) Existing types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of 
ICBMs are: 
 
(i) for the United States of America, N/A; 
 
(ii) for the Russian Federation, the types of missiles 
designated by the Russian Federation as (TBD)))1 
 
      (c) Existing types of ((deployed))1  heavy bombers are: 
 
(i) for the United States of America, the types of bombers 
designated by the United States of America as, and known to 
the Russian Federation as, B-52H, B-1B and B-2A; 
 
(ii) for the Russian Federation, the types of bombers 
designated by the Russian Federation as Tu-95MS and Tu-160, 
which are known to the United States of America as Bear H and 
Blackjack, respectively. 
 
      (((d) Existing types of nuclear armaments for heavy 
bombers are: 
 
(i) for the United States of America, the types of nuclear 
armaments are nuclear bombs and the air launched cruise 
missile designated by the United States of America as, and 
known to the Russian Federation as, AGM-86B; 
(ii) for the Russian Federation, the types of nuclear 
armaments designated by the Russian Federation as (TBD).))1 
 
Article IV 
 
((1. For ICBMs and SLBMs: 
 
      (a) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of 
non-deployed ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more 
than 80. 
 
      (b) Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed 
ICBMs at a maintenance facility of an ICBM base for mobile 
launchers of ICBMs to no more than two ICBMs of each type 
specified for that ICBM base.  Non-deployed ICBMs for mobile 
launchers of ICBMs located at a maintenance facility shall be 
stored separately from non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs 
located at that maintenance facility. 
 
      (c) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of 
non-deployed ICBMs and SLBMs located at test ranges to no 
more than 15.))1 
 
((2.  For ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers: 
 
      (a) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of 
non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than 80. 
 
      (b) Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed 
mobile launchers of ICBMs located at the maintenance facility 
of each ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more 
than two such ICBM launchers of each type of ICBM specified 
for that ICBM base. 
 
      (c) Non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs that contain 
training models of missiles shall not be located outside a 
training facility or a test range. 
 
      (d) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of 
mobile test launchers at test ranges to no more than 10. 
Such test launchers shall be considered to be non-deployed 
mobile launchers of ICBMs. 
 
      (e) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of 
mobile training launchers to no more than 10.  ICBMs shall 
not be launched from training launchers.  Mobile training 
launchers shall not be capable of launching ICBMs, and shall 
differ from mobile launchers of ICBMs and other road vehicles 
on the basis of differences that are observable by national 
technical means of verification.))1 
 
((3. Each Party shall limit the number of test heavy bombers 
to no more than 10.))1 
 
((1. (Article V)  Each Party shall locate strategic offensive 
arms subject to this Treaty only at: ICBM bases, submarine 
bases, air bases, storage facilities, conversion or 
elimination facilities, repair facilities, training 
facilities, and test ranges.))2 
 
((4. With respect to locational and related restrictions on 
strategic offensive arms: 
 
      (a) Each Party shall locate non-deployed ICBMs and 
non-deployed SLBMs only at maintenance facilities of ICBM 
bases; submarine bases; ICBM loading facilities; SLBM loading 
facilities; production facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; repair 
facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; storage facilities for ICBMs 
or SLBMs; conversion or elimination facilities for ICBMs or 
SLBMs; test ranges; or space launch facilities.  Prototype 
ICBMs and prototype SLBMs, however, shall not be located at 
maintenance facilities of ICBM bases or at submarine bases. 
Non-deployed ICBMs and non-deployed SLBMs may also be in 
transit.  Non-deployed ICBMs for silo launchers of ICBMs may 
also be transferred within an ICBM base for silo launchers of 
ICBMs.  Non-deployed SLBMs that are located on missile 
tenders and storage cranes shall be considered to be located 
at the submarine base at which such missile tenders and 
storage cranes are specified as based. 
 
      (b) Each Party shall locate non-deployed mobile 
launchers of ICBMs only at maintenance facilities of ICBM 
bases for mobile launchers of ICBMs, production facilities 
for mobile launchers of ICBMs, repair facilities for mobile 
launchers of ICBMs, storage facilities for mobile launchers 
of ICBMs, ICBM loading facilities, training facilities for 
ICBMs, conversion or elimination facilities for mobile 
launchers of ICBMs, test ranges, or space launch facilities. 
Mobile launchers of prototype ICBMs, however, shall not be 
located at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases for mobile 
launchers of ICBMs.  Non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs 
may also be in transit.))1 
 
 
 
      (((c)))1  ((2. (Article V)))2  ((Each Party shall 
locate test launchers))1  ((Test launchers of ICBMs or SLBMs 
may be located))2 only at test ranges.  ((The construction or 
conversion of such launchers at test ranges may be carried 
out only for purposes of testing and training.  The number of 
such launchers shall not be increased above the requirements 
for testing and training purposes.))2 
 
      (((d) A deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs and its 
associated missile that relocates to a test range may, at the 
discretion of the testing Party, either continue to be 
counted toward the limit provided for in Article II of this 
Treaty, or be counted as a mobile test launcher.  If a 
deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs and its associated missile 
that relocates to a test range continues to be counted toward 
the limit provided for in Article II of this Treaty, the 
period of time during which it continuously remains at a test 
range shall not exceed 45 days.))1 
 
      (((e)))1  ((3. (Article V)))2  ((Each Party shall 
locate silo training launchers only at ICBM bases for silo 
launchers of ICBMs and training facilities for ICBMs. The 
number of silo training launchers located at each ICBM base 
for silo launchers of ICBMs shall not exceed one for each 
type of ICBM specified for that ICBM base.))1 ((Training 
launchers of ICBMs or SLBMs may be located only at ICBM bases 
and test ranges.  Mobile training launchers of ICBMs may, in 
addition, be located at storage facilities for mobile 
launchers of ICBMs and at conversion or elimination 
facilities.  The construction or conversion of such launchers 
may be carried out only for purposes of training.  The number 
of such launchers shall not be increased above the 
requirements for training purposes.))2 
 
      (((f)  Test heavy bombers shall be based only at heavy 
bomber flight test centers and at production facilities for 
heavy bombers.  Training heavy bombers shall be based only at 
training facilities for heavy bombers.))1 
 
((6. (Article V) Heavy bombers equipped or converted for 
non-nuclear armaments shall be based separately from heavy 
bombers equipped for nuclear armaments.))2 
 
((5. Each Party shall limit the duration of each transit to 
no more than 30 days.))1 
 
Article ((V))1 ((VI))2 
 
¶1. Except as prohibited by the provisions of this Treaty, 
modernization and replacement of strategic offensive arms may 
be carried out. 
 
((2. In the event of the emergence in the future of a new 
kind of arm that one Party considers could be a new kind of 
strategic offensive arm, that Party shall have the right to 
raise the question of such an arm for consideration by the 
Bilateral Consultative Commission in accordance with 
subparagraph (c) of Article XIII of the Treaty.))1 
 
((2. Each Party undertakes not to deploy ICBMs or SLBMs in a 
non-nuclear configuration.))2 
 
((3. Each Party shall have the right to determine for itself 
 
the composition and structure of the strategic offensive arms 
within the limitations set forth in this Treaty.))1 
 
((4. Each Party undertakes not to locate deployed silo 
launchers of ICBMs outside ICBM bases for silo launchers of 
ICBMs.))1 
 
((5. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test from space 
launch facilities ICBMs or SLBMs equipped with reentry 
vehicles.))1 
 
((6. Each Party undertakes not to use ICBMs or SLBMs for 
delivering objects into the upper atmosphere or space for 
purposes inconsistent with existing international obligations 
undertaken by the Parties.))1  ((3. (Article VII) In 
fulfilling obligations under this Treaty, each Party shall 
have the right to use ICBMs and SLBMs for placing a payload, 
other than any kind of weapon, into space or the upper 
atmosphere.))2 
 
((7. Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy 
systems for rapid reload and not to conduct rapid reload.))1 
((8. Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy: 
 
      (a) ballistic missiles with a range in excess of 600 
kilometers, or launchers of such missiles, for installation 
on waterborne vehicles, including free-floating launchers, 
other than submarines.  This obligation shall not require 
changes in current ballistic missile storage, transport, 
loading, or unloading practices; 
 
      (b) launchers of ballistic or cruise missiles for 
emplacement on or for tethering to the ocean floor, the 
seabed, or the beds of internal waters and inland waters, or 
for emplacement in or for tethering to the subsoil thereof, 
or mobile launchers of such missiles that move only in 
contact with the ocean floor, the seabed, or the beds of 
internal waters and inland waters, or missiles for such 
launchers.  This obligation shall apply to all areas of the 
ocean floor and the seabed, including the seabed zone 
referred to in Articles I and II of the Treaty on the 
Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other 
Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor 
and in the Subsoil Thereof of February 11, 1971; 
 
      (c) systems, including missiles, for placing nuclear 
weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction 
into Earth orbit or a fraction of an Earth orbit; 
 
      (d) air-to-surface ballistic missiles (ASBMs); 
 
      (e) long-range nuclear ALCMs armed with two or more 
nuclear weapons.))1 
 
((9. The Parties do not exclude the possibility that the bans 
on ballistic missiles on waterborne vehicles other than 
submarines and on launchers of such missiles contained in 
subparagraph 8(a) above, and the ban on air-to-surface 
ballistic missiles contained in subparagraph 8(d) above, 
shall not apply to launches of ICBMs and SLBMs from 
waterborne vehicles other than submarines or from airplanes, 
other than heavy bombers, for delivering objects into the 
upper atmosphere or space.  Should the Parties reach 
agreement concerning the possibility of using ICBMs and SLBMs 
 
for delivering objects into the upper atmosphere or space 
from waterborne vehicles other than submarines or from such 
airplanes, provisions concerning procedures for such launches 
shall be agreed within the framework of the Bilateral 
Consultative Commission.))1 
 
((10.))1  ((3.))2  Each Party undertakes not to ((: 
 
      (a) flight-test with nuclear armaments an aircraft that 
is not an airplane, but that has a range of 8000 kilometers 
or more; equip such an aircraft for nuclear armaments; or 
deploy such an aircraft with nuclear armaments; 
 
      (b) flight-test with nuclear armaments an airplane that 
was not initially constructed as a bomber, but that has a 
range of 8000 kilometers or more, or an integrated planform 
area in excess of 310 square meters; equip such an airplane 
for nuclear armaments; or deploy such an airplane with 
nuclear armaments; 
 
      (c) flight-test with long-range nuclear ALCMs an 
aircraft that is not an airplane, or an airplane that was not 
initially constructed as a bomber; equip such an aircraft or 
such an airplane for long-range nuclear ALCMs; or deploy such 
an aircraft or such an airplane with long-range nuclear 
ALCMs.))1 
 
((convert heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments 
into heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments.  Nuclear 
armaments shall not be stored at air bases of heavy bombers 
converted for non-nuclear armaments.  The crews of such 
bombers shall not undergo training to carry out missions 
involving nuclear weapons.))2 
 
((11.))1  ((4.(Article V)))2  ((Each Party undertakes not to 
base strategic offensive arms subject to the limitations of 
this Treaty outside its national territory.))1  ((Strategic 
offensive arms subject to this Treaty shall not be based 
outside the national territory of each Party.))2 
 
      (((a) The obligations of this paragraph shall not 
affect the Parties' rights under generally recognized 
principles and rules of international law relating to the 
passage of submarines or flights of aircraft, or relating to 
visits of submarines to ports of third States.))1 
 
      (((b) With respect to heavy bombers, the provisions of 
this paragraph shall not preclude the temporary stationing of 
heavy bombers outside the territory of a Party for purposes 
not inconsistent with the Treaty.  If a Party stations heavy 
bombers outside its national territory for a period in excess 
of 30 days at any one time, it shall so inform the other 
Party through diplomatic channels before the end of the 
30-day period, except that, if a Prty has stationed more 
than 30 heavy bombers outide its national territory at any 
one time, it shall so inform the other Prty within 48 
hours.))2 
 
((5. (Article V) In te event of temporary stationing of a 
heavy bombe outside the national territory in accordance 
wihsubparagraph 3 (b) of Article VIII, notificationshall 
be provided.))2 
 
((12. Each Party undertaes not to engage in any activities 
 
associated with strategic offensive arms at eliminated 
facilities, notification of the elimination of which has been 
provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the 
Notification Protocol, unless notification of a new facility 
at the same location has been provided in accordance with 
paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol. 
Strategic offensive arms and support equipment shall not be 
located at eliminated facilities except during their movement 
through such facilities and during visits of heavy bombers at 
such facilities.  Missile tenders may be located at 
eliminated facilities only for purposes not associated with 
strategic offensive arms.))1 
 
((4. Each Party undertakes not to convert or use ICBM or SLBM 
launchers for placement of missile defense interceptors 
therein.))2 
 
((5. Each Party undertakes not to convert or use launchers of 
missile defense interceptors for placement of ICBMs and SLBMs 
therein.))2 
 
((6. Each Party undertakes not to locate heavy bombers with 
long-range nuclear ALCMs or other nuclear armaments outside 
the continental portion of national territory.))2 
 
((Article VI))1 
 
((1. Deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated 
missiles shall be based only in restricted areas.  A 
restricted area shall not exceed five square kilometers in 
size and shall not overlap another restricted area.  No more 
than ten deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their 
associated missiles may be based or located in a restricted 
area.  A restricted area shall not contain deployed ICBMs for 
mobile launchers of ICBMs of more than one type of ICBM. 
 
¶2. Each Party shall limit the number of fixed structures for 
mobile launchers of ICBMs within each restricted area so that 
these structures shall not be capable of containing more 
mobile launchers of ICBMs than the number of mobile launchers 
of ICBMs specified for that restricted area. 
 
¶3. Each restricted area shall be located within a deployment 
area.  A deployment area shall not exceed 125,000 square 
kilometers in size and shall not overlap another deployment 
area.  A deployment area shall contain no more than one ICBM 
base for mobile launchers of ICBMs. 
 
¶4. Deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated 
missiles may leave restricted areas only for routine 
movements, or relocations.  Deployed mobile launchers of 
ICBMs and their associated missiles may leave deployment 
areas only for relocations.  Prior to the departure of 
deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated 
missiles from restricted areas or deployment areas for 
purposes other than those specified in this paragraph, the 
Parties shall meet within the framework of the Bilateral 
Consultative Commission to agree upon any additional measures 
that may be necessary. 
 
¶5. Relocations shall be completed within 25 days.  No more 
than 15 percent of the total number of deployed mobile 
launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles or five such 
launchers and their associated missiles, whichever is 
 
greater, may be outside restricted areas at any one time for 
the purpose of relocation.))1 
 
Article VII 
 
¶1.  ((Conversion or))2  ((E))1  ((e))2  limination of 
strategic offensive arms((, fixed structures for mobile 
launchers of ICBMs,))1  and facilities ((where they are 
located))2  shall be carried out pursuant to this Article and 
in accordance with the procedures provided for in ((the 
Elimination Protocol))1  ((Section III of the Annex to this 
Treaty))2.  ((Elimination shall be verified by national 
technical means of verification and by inspection as provided 
for in Articles IX and XI of this Treaty; in the Protocol on 
Procedures Governing the Elimination of the Items Subject to 
the Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Elimination 
Protocol; and in the Protocol on Inspections, Exhibitions, 
and Continuous Monitoring Activities Relating to this Treaty, 
hereinafter referred to as the Inspection Protocol.))1 
 
((6. Verification of the Parties' implementation of 
procedures for conversion or elimination of strategic 
offensive arms and the facilities where they are located 
shall be carried out: 
 
      (a) by using national technical means of verification; 
 
      (b) by providing notifications; 
 
      (c) by means of visits, which can be conducted by the 
inspecting Party, to the sites specified in paragraph 4 of 
this Article, upon completion of the conversion or 
elimination procedures.))2 
 
¶2. ((ICBM launchers, SLBM launchers, and deployed heavy 
bombers shall be subject to the limitations provided for in 
this Treaty until they have been eliminated, or otherwise 
cease to be subject to the limitations provided for in this 
Treaty, in accordance with procedures provided for in the 
Elimination Protocol, or as recorded within the framework of 
the Bilateral Consultative Commission.))1  ((Strategic 
offensive arms and the facilities where they are located 
shall be subject to the limitations provided for in this 
Treaty until such time as they are: 
 
      (a) eliminated; 
 
      (b) removed from accountability as a result of flight 
or static tests, accidental loss or disablement beyond 
repair, or transfer to a static display.))2 
 
((3. ICBMs for silo and mobile launchers of ICBMs and SLBMs 
shall be subject to the limitations provided for in this 
Treaty until they have been eliminated or otherwise cease to 
be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty, or 
as recorded within the framework of the Bilateral 
Consultative Commission.))1 
 
¶4. ((The elimination of mobile launchers of ICBMs, SLBM 
launchers, and deployed heavy bombers shall be carried out at 
elimination facilities, except as provided for in Sections 
VII and VIII of the Elimination Protocol or as recorded 
within the framework of the Bilateral Consultative 
Commission))1  ((Conversion or elimination of ICBMs, SLBMs, 
 
ICBM and SLBM launchers, and heavy bombers shall be carried 
out at conversion or elimination facilities, on site or at 
other stipulated sites.  In this connection, the procedures 
employed shall ensure that they are rendered inoperable, 
precluding their use for their original purpose))2. 
 
((5. Notifications of conversion or elimination of strategic 
offensive arms shall be provided in accordance with 
Subsection IV of Section IV of the Annex to this Treaty.))2 
 
Article VIII 
 
¶1. A data base pertaining to the obligations under this 
Treaty is set forth in ((the Memorandum of Understanding on 
the Establishment of the Data Base Relating to this Treaty, 
hereinafter referred to as the Memorandum of Understanding))1 
((Section II of the Annex to this Treaty))2  in which data 
with respect to items subject to the limitations provided for 
in this Treaty are listed according to categories of data. 
 
¶2. In order to ensure the fulfillment of their obligations 
with respect to this Treaty, ((and to provide transparency 
into activities related to its strategic offensive arms,))1 
each Party shall notify the other Party of changes in data 
((, as provided for in subparagraph (a) of paragraph 3 of 
this Article,))2  and shall also provide other ((required))1 
notifications ((in accordance with the procedures provided 
for in the Notification Protocol and the Inspection 
Protocol))1  ((provided for in paragraph 3 of this Article in 
accordance with the procedure provided for in paragraphs 4, 
5, and 6 of this Article and in Section IV of the Annex to 
this Treaty))2. 
 
((3. Each Party shall provide notification to the other Party 
regarding: 
 
      (a) data according to categories of data contained in 
Section II of the Annex to this Treaty, and other agreed 
categories of data with respect to items subject to the 
limitations of this Treaty, except for data pertaining to 
warheads, which shall be exchanged twice a year; 
 
      (b) movement of items subject to the limitations 
provided for in this Treaty between declared facilities. Any 
movement of items subject to the limitations provided for in 
this Treaty between facilities shall be completed no later 
than 30 days after it began; 
 
      (c) flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs; 
 
      (d) conversion or elimination of items subject to the 
limitations of this Treaty, as well as elimination of 
facilities; 
 
      (e) strategic offensive arms of new types; 
 
      (f) the conduct of inspections, visits, and 
exhibitions.))2 
 
((4. Each Party may provide additional notifications on a 
voluntary basis, besides the notifications specified in 
paragraph 3 of this Article, if it deems this necessary to 
provide assurance of the fulfillment of the obligations 
undertaken under this Treaty.))2 
 
 
((5. In order to provide and receive notifications, unless 
otherwise provided for in this Treaty, each Party shall use 
the Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers established in accordance 
with the Agreement between the Union of Soviet Socialist 
Republics and the United States of America on the 
Establishment of Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers of September 
15, 1987.))2 
 
((6. If a time is to be specified in a notification provided 
pursuant to this Article, that time shall be expressed in 
Greenwich Mean Time.  If only a date is to be specified in a 
notification, that date shall be specified as the 24-hour 
period that corresponds to the date in local time, expressed 
in Greenwich Mean Time.))2 
 
((7. Neither Party shall release to the public data specified 
in Section II of the Annex to this Treaty or the photographs 
appended to it, unless otherwise agreed.))2 
 
((Article IX))2 
 
      ((In order to ensure the viability and effectiveness of 
this Treaty, and to enhance confidence, openness, and 
predictability concerning  the reduction and limitation of 
strategic offensive arms, each Party shall, on a voluntary 
basis, in those cases where it believes ambiguous situations 
might arise, take measures, including providing information 
in advance, inter alia through diplomatic channels, on 
activities being conducted with respect to strategic 
offensive arms, which are associated with their deployment or 
increasing readiness, so as to preclude the possibility of 
misinterpretation of its actions by the other Party.))2 
 
Article ((IX))1  ((X))2 
 
¶1. For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance 
with the provisions of this Treaty, each Party ((shall))1 
((undertakes))2  (((a) to))2  use national technical means of 
verification at its disposal in a manner consistent with the 
generally recognized principles of international law ((.))1 
((;))2 
 
((2. Each Party undertakes))1  (((b)))2  not to interfere 
with the national technical means of verification of the 
other Party operating in accordance with ((paragraph 1 of))1 
this Article((.))1  ((;))2 
 
((3. Each Party undertakes))1  (((c)))2  not to use 
((deliberate))2  concealment measures that impede 
verification ((, by national technical means of 
verification,))1 of compliance with the provisions of this 
Treaty.  ((In this connection, the obligation not to use 
concealment measures includes the obligation not to use them 
at test ranges, including measures that result in the 
concealment of ICBMs, SLBMs, mobile launchers of ICBMs, or 
the association between ICBMs or SLBMs and their launchers 
during testing.  The obligation not to use concealment 
measures shall not apply to cover or concealment practices at 
ICBM bases and deployment areas, or to the use of 
environmental shelters for strategic offensive arms.))1 
 
((4. To aid verification, each ICBM for mobile launchers of 
ICBMs shall have a unique identifier as provided for in the 
 
Inspection Protocol.))1 
 
((Article X))1 
 
((1. During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party 
conducting the flight test shall make on-board technical 
measurements and shall broadcast all telemetric information 
obtained from such measurements.  The Party conducting the 
flight test shall determine which technical parameters are to 
be measured during such flight test, as well as the methods 
of processing and transmitting telemetric information. 
 
¶2. During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party 
conducting the flight test undertakes not to engage in any 
activity that denies full access to telemetric information, 
including: 
 
      (a) the use of encryption; 
 
      (b) the use of jamming; 
 
      (c) broadcasting telemetric information from an ICBM or 
SLBM using narrow directional beaming; and 
 
      (d) encapsulation of telemetric information, including 
the use of ejectable capsules or recoverable reentry vehicles. 
 
¶3. During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party 
conducting the flight test undertakes not to broadcast from a 
reentry vehicle telemetric information that pertains to the 
functioning of the stages or the self-contained dispensing 
mechanism of the ICBM or SLBM. 
 
¶4. After each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party 
conducting the flight test shall provide, in accordance with 
Section I of the Protocol on Telemetric Information Relating 
to the Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Telemetry 
Protocol, recording media that contain a recording of all 
telemetric information that is broadcast during the flight 
test. 
 
¶5. After each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party 
conducting the flight test shall provide, in accordance with 
Section II of the Telemetry Protocol, data associated with 
the analysis of the telemetric information. 
 
¶6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of 
this Article, each Party shall have the right to encapsulate 
and encrypt on-board technical measurements during no more 
than a total of seven flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs each 
year.  Such encapsulation shall be carried out in accordance 
with Section I and paragraph 1 of Section III of the 
Telemetry Protocol, and such encryption shall be carried out 
in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section III of the 
Telemetry Protocol.  Encapsulation and encryption that are 
carried out on the same flight test of an ICBM or SLBM shall 
count as two flight tests against the quotas specified in 
this paragraph. 
 
¶7. Nothing in this Article shall apply to objects launched by 
ICBMs or SLBMs used to deliver objects into the upper 
atmosphere or space, after such objects either are in orbit 
or have achieved escape velocity.))1 
 
Article XI 
 
¶1. For the purpose of ensuring verification ((of compliance 
with the provisions of this Treaty,))1  ((or confirming data 
on compliance with the provisions of this Treaty,))2  each 
Party shall have the right to conduct inspections ((and 
continuous monitoring activities and shall conduct 
exhibitions pursuant to this Article and the Inspection 
Protocol))1  ((visits, and exhibitions))2.  ((Inspections, 
continuous monitoring activities, and exhibitions shall be 
conducted in accordance with the procedures provided for in 
the Inspection Protocol and the Elimination Protocol.))1 
((Inspections, visits, and exhibitions shall be conducted (to 
be agreed upon) days after the entry into force of this 
Treaty and thereafter.))2 
 
((2.))1  ((8.))2  ((Each Party shall have the right to 
conduct data update inspections at facilities to confirm the 
accuracy of data on the numbers and types of items specified 
for such facilities in the notifications and regular 
exchanges of updated data provided in accordance with 
paragraphs 2 and 3 of Section I of the Notification 
Protocol.))1 ((The purpose of visits is to confirm data on 
the number of non-deployed ICBMs, non-deployed SLBMs, and 
non-deployed heavy bombers, on the number of non-deployed 
launchers of ICBMs and SLBMs, data on new facilities provided 
during an exchange of information, and technical 
characteristics of strategic offensive arms provided during 
an exchange of information or demonstrated at exhibitions of 
new items of strategic offensive arms or in the course of 
confirming that items of strategic offensive arms have been 
converted for new kinds of strategic offensive arms.))2 
 
((Each Party shall have the right to conduct a total of no 
more than five such visits every year, with no more than one 
such visit each year to the same facility.  Additional visits 
beyond the established number may be conducted at the 
invitation of the inspected Party. 
 
Visits shall be conducted at ICBM bases, bases of submarines 
equipped with SLBMs, and air bases, at storage facilities, 
repair facilities, conversion or elimination facilities, test 
ranges, and training facilities.))2 
 
((3.))1   ((7.))2  ((Each Party shall have the right to 
conduct nuclear warhead inspections of: 
 
      (a) deployed ICBMs and SLBMs.  The purpose of such 
inspections shall be to confirm that such an ICBM or SLBM 
contains the number of nuclear-armed reentry vehicles equal 
to the number of nuclear warheads declared for that ICBM or 
SLBM; 
 
      (b) deployed heavy bombers.  The purpose of such 
inspections shall be to confirm the number of deployed heavy 
bombers located at the inspected air base and that the number 
of nuclear armaments loaded on those deployed heavy bombers 
and in nuclear armaments weapons storage areas associated 
with air bases where deployed heavy bombers are based are 
equal to the number of deployed heavy bombers and nuclear 
warheads declared for that air base.))1 
 
((The purpose of inspections is to verify data on the number 
of deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and deployed heavy bombers 
 
and the number of warheads on them, as well as the data on 
number of deployed launchers of ICBMs and deployed launchers 
of SLBMs. 
 
Each Party shall have the right to conduct a total of no more 
than five such inspections every year, with no more than one 
such inspection each year at the same facility. 
 
Inspections shall be conducted at ICBM bases, bases of 
submarines equipped with SLBMs, and air bases.))2 
 
((4. Each Party shall conduct or shall have the right to 
conduct elimination inspections to confirm the elimination of 
strategic offensive arms.))1 
 
((5. Each Party shall have the right to conduct formerly 
declared facility inspections to confirm that facilities, 
notification of the elimination of which has been provided in 
accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification 
Protocol, are not being used for purposes inconsistent with 
this Treaty.))1 
 
((6.))1  ((9))2  ((If not previously conducted in conjunction 
with fulfilling the requirement of the START Treaty, each 
Party shall conduct technical characteristics exhibitions, 
and shall have the right during such exhibitions by the other 
Party to conduct inspections of an ICBM and an SLBM of each 
type, and each variant thereof, and of a mobile launcher of 
ICBMs and each version of such launcher for each type of ICBM 
for mobile launchers of ICBMs.  The purpose of such 
exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting Party to 
confirm that technical characteristics correspond to the data 
specified for these items.))1  ((Each Party shall conduct 
exhibitions in order to confirm the technical characteristics 
and differences of new items of strategic offensive arms, and 
to confirm that procedures for converting items of strategic 
offensive arms for new kinds of strategic offensive arms have 
been completed.))2 
 
((7. If not previously conducted in conjunction with 
fulfilling the requirements of the START Treaty, each Party 
shall conduct distinguishability exhibitions for heavy 
bombers, and nuclear armaments for heavy bombers, and shall 
have the right during such exhibitions by the other Party to 
conduct inspections, of: 
 
      (a) heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments.  The 
purpose of such exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting 
Party to confirm that the technical characteristics of each 
type and each variant of such heavy bombers correspond to the 
data specified for these items in Annex G to the Memorandum 
of Understanding; 
 
      (b) heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments 
but of the same type of heavy bombers equipped for nuclear 
armaments.  The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to 
demonstrate to the inspecting Party that, for each exhibited 
type of heavy bomber, each variant of heavy bombers equipped 
for non-nuclear armaments, and each variant of training heavy 
bombers, are distinguishable from one another and from each 
variant of heavy bombers of the same type equipped for 
nuclear armaments; and 
 
      (c) nuclear armaments for heavy bombers.  The purpose 
 
of such exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting Party 
to confirm that the technical characteristics of such nuclear 
armaments correspond to the data specified for these items in 
Annex H to the Memorandum of Understanding.))1 
 
((8. Each Party shall have the right to conduct continuous 
monitoring activities at production facilities for ICBMs for 
mobile launchers of ICBMs to confirm the number of ICBMs for 
mobile launchers of ICBMs produced.))1 
 
((2. The procedures for conducting inspections, visits, and 
exhibitions shall be governed by Section V of the Annex to 
this Treaty.))2 
 
((3. Each inspection team conducting an inspection or taking 
part in a visit or exhibition shall include the number of 
inspectors specified in Section V of the Annex to this 
Treaty.))2 
 
((4. In order to perform their functions effectively, for the 
purpose of implementing the Treaty and not for their personal 
benefit, inspectors and aircrew members shall be accorded the 
privileges and immunities specified in Section V of the Annex 
to this Treaty.))2 
 
((5. Each Party shall have the right to conduct no more than 
one inspection or one visit or take part in one exhibition in 
the territory of the inspected Party at any one time.))2 
 
 ((6. Inspectors shall not disclose information obtained 
during inspections, exhibitions, or visits, except with the 
express consent of the inspected Party.  They shall remain 
bound by this obligation even after termination of their 
activities as inspectors.))2 
 
((Article XII))1 
 
((1. To enhance the effectiveness of national technical means 
of verification, each Party shall, if the other Party makes a 
request in accordance with paragraph 1 of Section V of the 
Notification Protocol, carry out the following cooperative 
measures: 
 
      (a) a display in the open of the mobile launchers of 
ICBMs located within each restricted area of one ICBM base 
specified by the requesting Party with the exception of those 
mobile launchers of ICBMs involved in routine movement.  For 
each specified ICBM base, the roofs of fixed structures for 
mobile launchers of ICBMs in all restricted areas at that 
base shall be open for the duration of a display.  The mobile 
launchers of ICBMs located within the restricted areas shall 
be displayed either located next to or moved halfway out of 
such fixed structures.  Those mobile launchers of ICBMs at 
the base specified by the requesting Party that will not be 
displayed due to routine movement shall be specified by the 
requested Party in a notification provided in accordance with 
paragraph XX of Section V of the Notification Protocol.  Such 
a notification shall be provided no later than 12 hours after 
the request for display has been made; 
 
      (b) a display in the open of all deployed heavy bombers 
located within one air base specified by the requesting 
Party, except those heavy bombers that are not readily 
movable due to maintenance or operations.  Such heavy bombers 
 
shall be displayed by removing the entire airplane from its 
fixed structure, if any, and locating the airplane within the 
air base.  Those deployed heavy bombers at the air base 
specified by the requesting Party that are not readily 
movable due to maintenance or operations shall be specified 
by the requested Party in a notification provided in 
accordance with paragraph 2 of Section V of the Notification 
Protocol.  Such a notification shall be provided no later 
than 12 hours after the request for display has been made. 
 
¶2. Mobile launchers of ICBMs and deployed heavy bombers 
subject to each request pursuant to paragraph 1 of this 
Article shall be displayed in open view without using 
concealment measures.  Each Party shall have the right to 
make five such requests each year, but shall not request a 
display at any particular ICBM base for mobile launchers of 
ICBMs, or any particular air base more than one time each 
year.  A Party shall have the right to request, in any single 
request, only a display of mobile launchers of ICBMs, or a 
display of deployed heavy bombers.  A display shall begin no 
later than 12 hours after the request is made and shall 
continue until 18 hours have elapsed from the time that the 
request was made.  If the requested Party cannot conduct a 
display due to circumstances brought about by force majeure, 
it shall provide notification to the requesting Party in 
accordance with paragraph 3 of Section V of the Notification 
Protocol, and the display shall be cancelled.  In such a 
case, the number of requests to which the requesting Party is 
entitled shall not be reduced. 
 
¶3. A request for cooperative measures shall not be made for a 
facility that has been designated for inspection until such 
an inspection has been completed and the inspectors have 
departed the facility.  A facility for which cooperative 
measures have been requested shall not be designated for 
inspection until the cooperative measures have been completed 
or until notification has been provided in accordance with 
paragraph 3 of Section V of the Notification Protocol.))1 
 
Article ((XIII))1  ((XII))2 
 
To promote the objectives and implementation of the 
provisions of this Treaty, the Parties hereby establish the 
Bilateral Consultative Commission((, procedures for the 
operation of which are set forth in Section VI of the Annex 
to this Treaty))2.  The Parties agree that, if either Party 
so requests, they shall ((meet within the framework of))1 
((hold session of))2  the Bilateral Consultative Commission 
to: 
 
      (a) resolve questions relating to compliance with the 
obligations assumed; 
 
      (b) agree upon such additional measures as may be 
necessary to improve the viability and effectiveness of this 
Treaty; and 
 
      (c) resolve questions related to the application of 
((relevant))1  ((the))2  provisions of this Treaty to a new 
kind of strategic offensive arm((, after notification has 
been provided in accordance with paragraph 16 of Section VII 
of the Notification Protocol))1. 
 
Article ((XIV))1  ((XIII))2 
 
To ensure the viability and effectiveness of this Treaty, 
((each Party shall not assume any international obligations 
or undertakings that would conflict with its provisions and 
the Parties agree not to transfer strategic offensive arms 
subject to the limitations of the Treaty to third States))1 
((each Party shall not assume any international obligations 
or undertakings that would conflict with its provisions.  The 
Parties shall not transfer strategic offensive arms subject 
to the limitations provided for in this Treaty to third 
parties))2.  The Parties shall hold consultations in 
accordance with Article ((XIII))1  ((XII))2  of this Treaty 
in order to resolve any ambiguities that may arise in this 
regard.  The Parties agree that this provision does not apply 
to any patterns of cooperation, including obligations, in the 
area of strategic offensive arms, existing at the time of 
signature of this Treaty, between a Party and a third State. 
 
((Article XV))1  ((XIV))2 
 
¶1.  This Treaty, including its Annex((es, Protocols, and 
Memorandum of Understanding, all of which form))1  ((,which 
is an))2  integral part((s))1  thereof, shall be subject to 
ratification in accordance with the constitutional procedures 
of each Party.  This Treaty shall enter into force on the 
date of the exchange of instruments of ratification. 
 
¶2. This Treaty shall remain in force for 10 years unless 
superseded earlier by a subsequent agreement on the reduction 
and limitation of strategic offensive arms.  ((No later than 
one year before the expiration of the Treaty, the Parties 
shall jointly consider extending this Treaty for a period of 
no more than five years unless it is superseded before the 
expiration of that period by a subsequent agreement on the 
reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms.))1 
 
¶3. Each Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, 
have the right to ((withdraw from))1 ((terminate))2  this 
Treaty if ((it decides that extraordinary events related to 
the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardized its))1 ((, 
in its view, further compliance with the Treaty will 
jeopardize the Party's))2 supreme interests ((, including in 
the event of a quantitative and qualitative buildup in the 
capabilities of strategic missile defense systems))2.  ((It 
shall give notice of its decision to the other Party six 
months prior to withdrawal from this Treaty.  Such notice 
shall include a statement of))1 
 
((4.))2 ((A Party that has decided to terminate this Treaty 
shall inform the other Party of its decision through 
diplomatic channels at least three months prior to 
termination of this Treaty, specifying))2 the extraordinary 
events ((the notifying Party))1 ((that it))2 regards as 
having jeopardized its supreme interests. 
 
((4.))1  ((5.))2  As of the date of its entry into force, 
this Treaty shall supersede the Treaty between the Russian 
Federation and the United States of America on Strategic 
Offensive Reductions of May 24, 2002, which shall terminate 
as of that date. 
 
((Article XVI))1  ((XIV))2 
 
¶1.  Each Party may propose amendments to this Treaty.  Agreed 
amendments shall enter into force in accordance with the 
 
procedures governing entry into force of this Treaty. 
 
((2. The Parties agree that, if it becomes necessary to make 
changes in the provisions of the Annex to this Treaty that do 
not affect substantive rights and obligations of the Parties 
under the Treaty, they shall use the Bilateral Consultative 
Commission to reach agreement on such changes, without 
resorting to the procedure for making amendments that is set 
forth in paragraph 3 of this Article.))2 
 
((Article XVII))1  ((XV))2 
 
      This Treaty shall be registered pursuant to Article 102 
of the Charter of the United Nations. 
 
Done at (location and date), in two copies, each in the 
English and Russian languages, both texts being equally 
authentic. 
 
FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 
 
FOR THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: 
 
(( ))1 Proposed by the United States 
(( ))2 Proposed by the Russian Federation 
 
End Text. 
 
¶4.  (U) Gottemoeller sends. 
RICHTER