P 021010Z JUL 09
FM AMEMBASSY BRAZZAVILLE
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 1464
INFO AFRICOM
AMEMBASSY LONDON PRIORITY 
AMEMBASSY PARIS PRIORITY 
AMEMBASSY ROME PRIORITY 
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY 
USEU BRUSSELS PRIORITY 0023
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS PRIORITY 
AMEMBASSY BERLIN PRIORITY 
AFRICAN UNION COLLECTIVE
AMEMBASSY BRAZZAVILLE

UNCLAS BRAZZAVILLE 000202 
 
SENSITIVE 
 
DEPT FOR AF/C 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV PINS CF
SUBJECT: CONGO/BRAZZAVILLE - CAMPAIGN OBSERVATIONS 
 
¶1. (SBU) Summary.  Brazzaville has been generally quiet since the start of campaigning last Friday.  The campaign in the capital has so far displayed little energy, though things have been picking up since the weekend.  Even though he has been out of town, Sassou has been the most visible candidate in 
Brazzaville while the opposition could hardly be seen in the first several days of campaigning.  This changed on Monday night, when the return to Brazzaville from the US and France of Opposition Front candidate Mathias Dzon was accompanied by a rally and march of 800-1000 people from the airport to 
neighborhoods in northeast Brazzaville.  The Opposition Front candidates still plan to boycott the vote at the last minute and continue to complain about a playing field tilted against them.  We would be surprised if the campaign remains as quiet and as non-violent as it has so far, but we do not expect violence of a magnitude that would threaten security in large parts of the  Brazzaville or the country as a whole.  We are prepared to revise our assessment if the anti-Sassou opposition shows more signs of life. End Summary. 
 
Sassou the Most Prominent, by far 
 
¶2. (SBU) President Sassou is by far the most visible candidate in Brazzaville even though he has held no major rallies in Brazzaville apart from his speech at the National Assembly building on Friday June 26 to mark the start of his campaign.  Posters with his image ("Le chemin a l'avenir," "Un homme, un 
pays, une vision") are plastered on walls in all parts of the city, and banners are hung across the main streets.  Sassou's campaign is clearly well-financed-on Saturday we noted a caravan of six brand new Infiniti SUVs and a brand new full-sized bus, all factory-painted in Sassou's campaign colors-showing the flag in southern Brazzaville.  Sassou T-shirts are ubiquitous;  oppositionists say people are being paid 2000CFA (~$4) and given a T-shirt to vote for Sassou.  Some of Sassou's support is clearly genuine, especially in the in the Talangai and Ouenze neighborhoods in the northeast part of town.  We also were 
impressed by the size of a massive pro-Sassou motorcade on June 30-we counted 75 vehicles-that wound through large parts of the town. 
 
Opposition Extremely Quiet 
 
¶3. (SBU) Sassou's opponents have been so far been mostly quiet.  We have been riding around the capital daily to see how the campaign is shaping up and so far seen relatively little evidence of campaigning-according to Congolese this is in marked contrast to the vigorous-and sometimes violent-politicking of 2002 and 1992.  The image of Nicephore "Nick" Fylla de Saint-Etudes of the Parti Liberal Republicain is posted on walls throughout southern Brazzaville (his former constituency), but 
is less visible in the north and east of the city.  There are also a number of posters in southern Brazzaville promoting Joseph Kignoumbi Kia-Mboungou, a UPADS parliamentarian running as an independent, but when we found him speaking at a rally at the Centre Sportif de Makelekele in that area no more than 200 people had showed up to see him. 
 
¶4. (SBU) What was most striking in the first days of the campaign was the near-invisibility of the three remaining candidates of the so-called Front des Partis de la Opposition Congolaise (FPOC) who have been among the strongest critics of Sassou and his manipulation of the elections process:  Mathias 
Dzon, Guy-Romain Kinfoussia and Clement Mierassa.  We saw no posters, no T-shirts, no campaign offices, and had begun to wonder if the Front candidates, who had said they plan to 
boycott the elections at the eleventh hour had decided not to campaign at all.  But on Monday we saw signs advertising a rally the following day by Mierassa and came across a Dzon campaign 
office.  And we passed two vehicles full of Dzon supporters in the Talangai section of northern Brazzaville, one whose occupants were chanting "Mathias, Zua ye, Boma ye"-"Mathias, get 
him, kill him."  Maybe a little too much enthusiasm there. 
 
Until Dzon Returned with "the Ointment of Obama" 
 
¶5. (SBU) The sleepy opposition suddenly sprung to life, for a couple of hours anyway, when Mathias Dzon returned to Brazzaville Monday evening June 29 after a week abroad in the US and France.  Thousands of people lined the roads for more than half a mile between the airport and the National Assembly building cheering him on.  They then marched over a mile  eastward in a mostly orderly manner toward the Ouenze neighborhood of northeastern Brazzaville singing local songs and 
chanting "Mathias is back with the ointment of Obama and dollars in his pocket" along with "Mathias, get him, kill him."  In Ouenze, the crowd tore Sassou posters from the walls and banners 
from light standards, but dispersed before causing any more damage.  There were no arrests.  FSN RSO assistant said the police estimated the crowd to number about 800, while FSN political assistant who was present put it at about 1000.  By mid-week, Dzon banners and posters were increasingly visible on 
the streets of northern Brazzaville. 
 
The Opposition Front's Latest Message 
 
¶6. (SBU) TDY poloff and FSN pol assistant on June 30 stopped by a rally held by Opposition Front candidate Clement Mierassa at the Lycee de Brazza in southern Brazzaville.  In the presence of 
Front notables including Ange Edouard Poungoui, whose candidacy had been disallowed by the Constitutional Court, Mierassa told the crowd of about 300 that young people should not be fooled by 
Sassou's token gifts of T-shirts and a few CFA-they should stand up like human beings and think for themselves rather than act like trained animals in Sassou's circus.  Though Mierassa was supposedly speaking to the youth of Congo, most of his audience appeared to be respectable Congolese of middle age, with some poorer, younger Congolese males more prominent on the fringes of the crowd.  Mierassa went on to say that if the conditions for free and fair elections are not met by July 9, the people should bang on pots and pans to keep Sassou awake at night. 
 
¶7. (SBU) Comment:  This is a risky strategy-it's a lot easier to ask people to not/not vote, and then take credit when they stay away from the polls, than it is to encourage them to do something they would not otherwise be inclined to do.  If late next week, we start hearing pots and pans banging in the night, 
then we would conclude that the opposition has a lot more energy than it has shown thus far.  And we will revise upwards our estimation of the possibility of significant violence.  End Comment. 
 
¶8. (SBU) Retired general Emmanuel Ngouelondele Mongo, head of the Parti pour l'alternance democratique (PAD), is not a candidate, but at a July 1 press conference he publicly called 
on Congolese to boycott the elections. 
 
Poungui's Take 
 
¶9. (SBU) TDY poloff and FSN political assistant called on Poungui on July 1 to ask the disqualified candidate of the UPADS party and member of the Opposition Front for his assessment of 
the situation.  He complained that this was not a "real campaign"-"there is only one candidate," there is no debate, and no opposition access to the media.  Congo is "just pretending to be a democracy."  When asked about why we had heard so little of Front candidate Kinfoussia, Poungoui said Kinfoussia had been 
campaigning before good crowds in Pointe Noire and elsewhere in the south-he had held a large rally the day before in Nkayi in Bouenza province-but people in Brazzaville do not know because 
the media is not reporting it.  Asked to comment on Mierassa's call for people to bang on pots and pans, he said the Opposition was indeed thinking along these lines, but had not worked out the details or the date.  Poungoui complained that "The West, including the United States, is too timid" in promoting 
democracy.  "The European Union has abandoned us.  France says nothing." 
 
¶10. (SBU) Poungoui was concerned about violence, but thought this was more likely in the north where Sassou supporters in their strongholds might turn on oppositionists.  The government has all the weapons; the opposition has no choice but to "be pacific."  If there was repression, he foresees people returning to the bush.  But he said Sassou is playing on Congolese war  weariness-they know he will not surrender power, so to vote against him is to risk a return to war. 
 
Beyond Brazzaville 
 
¶11. (SBU) We hear only scattered reports about the campaign outside Brazzaville.  So far, we have received no reports of political violence, though Embassy FSNs have heard reports of increased tensions in Plateau province between members of Sassou's Mbochi ethnic group and Dzon's Teke, but we have no details.  Comment:  Could this be what Poungoui was referring to?  End comment.  As usual, most of what we hear is about Sassou. 
 
--After kicking off his campaign with a speech in Brazzaville, Sassou headed toward Congo's second city, Pointe Noire, where only Sassou banners reportedly were visible on the streets.  In Pointe Noire, on Saturday he staged a well-attended rally (packed with youths too young to vote, according to several 
reports) that featured political leaders aligned with his Rally for the Presidential Majority (RMP).  Sassou enjoyed the praise and endorsement of, among others, former president Joachim  Yhombi Opango, who Sassou overthrew in 1979, and by the son of longtime rival-turned-ally Bernard Kolelas. 
 
--Though he then made a quick trip to his northern home region after Pointe Noire, Sassou will be spending most of the campaign in the south and has set up a second campaign headquarters in 
Dolisie, where he reportedly will spend six days of the campaign.  A Congolese family from Dolisie in contact with FSN is nervous about all the attention focused on the town and, figuring that it might become a magnet for violence, has moved to Pointe Noire for the duration of the campaign. 
 
--Though Opposition Front candidate Kinfoussia reportedly has enjoyed good turnout at his rallies in the south, independents have had a tougher time.  Nick Fylla planned to stage a major rally to kick off his campaign at Nkayi, where for several years he had managed the sugar parastatal SARIS, but turnout was so disappointing-less than 50 people-that he decided to cancel the event.  Similarly, Kignoumbi Kia-Mboungou found turnout disappointingly small at a rally he staged in Dolisie. 
 
Security/Violence 
 
¶12. (SBU) RSO political assistant reports that according to police contacts there have so far been no significant security incidents, though they expect things will heat up somewhat in the campaign's last days.  He noted that troops are being redeployed from President Sassou's strongholds in the north to 
central and southern Congo where there might be more of a need. 
 
Comment 
 
¶13. (SBU) Apart from the Dzon march from the airport to Ouenze on June 29, neither the opposition nor Sassou's people have displayed much energy or enthusiasm, and we so far have so far not heard of any significant violent incidents linked to the campaign.  We would be surprised if the election passed 
completely without violence-it would have been easy for Dzon's march to have gotten out of hand.  And, in Brazzaville, looting is always a strong possibility when the opportunity presents itself-and looting can quickly turn to violence.  Nonetheless, we expect nothing like the surge in militia violence that 
occurred after the 2002 elections and consider a 1997-style collapse into civil war extremely unlikely.  That said, as noted above, if we are kept awake by pots and pans banging in the night, we will revise upwards our estimate of the possibility of violence. 
 
EASTHAM