P 221501Z JAN 09
FM AMEMBASSY WINDHOEK
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0299
INFO SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY PRIORITY
USDOC WASHDC

UNCLAS WINDHOEK 000020 
 
 
STATE DEPT FOR AF/S/; AF/EPS; EB/IFD/OMA, EEB/CBA DENNIS WINSTEAD, 
ADA ADLER 
STATE PASS TO USTR FOR WILLIAM JACKSON 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ECON EFIN EINV ETRD ELAB PGOV OPIC KTDB USTR WA
 
SUBJECT: NAMIBIA: 2009 INVESTMENT CLIMATE STATEMENT 
 
REF: 08 STATE 123907 
 
¶1. (U) Summary.  Post is pleased to submit its 2009 Investment 
Climate for Namibia.  Per reftel paragraph 13, Post sent the ICS in 
Microsoft Word format to J. Nathaniel Hatcher and his backup Gregory 
¶N. Hicks on January 16. End Summary. 
 
BEGIN TEXT 
 
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Openness to Foreign Investment 
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¶2. (U) The Government of the Republic of Namibia (GRN) is committed 
to stimulating economic growth and employment through attracting 
foreign investment.   The Foreign Investment Act of 1990 is the 
primary legislation that governs foreign direct investment in 
Namibia.  The Ministry of Trade and Investment is the governmental 
authority which is primarily responsible for carrying out the 
provisions of the Foreign Investment Act.  Under the act the 
Ministry established the Namibia Investment Center (NIC).  The NIC 
serves as Namibia's official investment promotion and facilitation 
office.  It is often the first point of contact for potential 
investors. The NIC is designed to offer comprehensive services that 
range from the initial inquiry stage through to operational stages. 
The NIC also provides general information packages and advice on 
investment opportunities, incentives, and procedures.  The NIC is 
also tasked with assisting investors minimize bureaucratic "red 
tape" by coordinating work with government ministries as well as 
regulatory bodies. 
 
¶3. (U) The Foreign Investment Act states that "foreign nationals 
shall be in no different position than any Namibian." The act 
guarantees foreign investors' treatment equal to that given to 
Namibian firms, fair compensation in the event of expropriation, 
international arbitration of disputes between the investors and the 
government, the right to remit profits and access to foreign 
exchange. Investment incentives and special tax incentives are also 
available for the manufacturing sector. 
 
¶4. (U) The Registrar of Companies in the Ministry of Trade and 
Industry is responsible for managing, regulating, and facilitating 
the formation of businesses.  The Registrar's office encourages 
investors to seek professional advice from legal practitioners, 
auditors, accounting officers, or secretarial firms when registering 
their businesses. 
 
¶5. (U) The government, through the Competition Act, has designed a 
legal and regulatory framework that attempts to safeguard 
competition while boosting the prospects for Namibian businesses and 
while recognizing the role of foreign investment and competition. 
The act is intended to promote: 
 
--  The efficiency, adaptability and development of the Namibian 
economy; 
--  Competitive prices and product choices for customers; 
--  Employment and advance the social and economic welfare of 
Namibians; 
--  Expanded opportunities for Namibian participation in world 
markets; 
--  Participation of small enterprises in the economy by ensuring a 
level playing field; and 
--  Greater enterprise ownership particularly among the historically 
disadvantaged. 
 
¶6. (U) Other laws include the Companies Act and the Close 
Corporation Act. These laws provide the legal framework for the 
establishment of business entities. 
 
Foreign Ownership Restrictions 
 
¶7. (U) While the Foreign Investment Act stipulates that foreign 
investors should be treated the same as Namibian investors, the Act 
acknowledges that the government has the right to impose 
restrictions.  Most restrictions have to do with land and natural 
resource rights and government contracts (tenders).  For example, 
the government may require local participation before issuing 
licenses to exploit natural resources. 
 
Black Economic Empowerment and Affirmative Action 
 
¶8. (U) The government actively encourages partnerships with 
historically disadvantaged Namibians. Although the Government does 
not have a codified Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) program, the 
Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare's Equity Commission requires 
all firms to develop an affirmative action plan for management 
positions and to report annually on its implementation.  Namibia's 
Affirmative Action Act strives to create equal employment 
opportunities, improve conditions for the historically 
disadvantaged, and eliminate discrimination. The commission 
facilitates training programs, provides technical and other 
assistance, and offers expert advice, information, and guidance on 
implementing affirmative action in the work place. 
 
¶9. (U) In certain industries, such as the fishing sector, there has 
been a concerted campaign to increase Namibian participation in 
existing investments.  In particular, some foreign companies with 
fishing licenses have reported being required to form partnerships 
with local individuals or firms chosen by the government in order to 
renew their licenses. 
 
Government Tenders 
 
¶10. (U) Most government transactions, including the procurement of 
goods and services, are coordinated through the Tender Board of 
Namibia.  The board comprises representatives from various 
government ministries appointed by the Minister of Finance.  The 
Government is required by law to publicize calls for tenders in the 
local media and the Namibia Government Gazette.  Although the 
primary aim of the tender board is to ensure that tenders are 
awarded to the best bid in an open bidding process, the procurement 
policy of Namibia does permit preferences according to certain 
socio-economic goals and strategies.  Beneficiaries of these 
preferences are generally not restricted to the historically 
disadvantaged or Namibian citizens but are reserved for individuals 
and companies domiciled in Namibia. 
 
Parastatals 
 
¶11. (U) While Namibian companies are generally open to foreign 
investment, government owned enterprises (parastatals) have to date 
been closed to all investors (Namibian and foreign).  Foreign 
investors have participated in joint ventures with parastatals in 
certain sectors (i.e., mobile telecommunications).  There has been 
some debate on whether to list parastatal companies on the Namibian 
Stock Exchange (NSX), but there are no plans to do so in the near 
future.  Parastatals provide most of the essential services such as 
telecommunications, transport, water, and electricity.  Although the 
Government underscores its commitment to privatization, the process 
remains slow and many parastatals remain in the hands of the 
Government.  That said, the Government sold a 34% share in 2006 in 
its state-owned mobile phone company, MTC, to Portugal Telecom. 
However, a U.S. business criticized the process for a lack of 
transparency and unfair bidding practices designed to favor one 
party.  In 2007, a second cellular operator, Cell One, entered the 
market.. Nampower is the national power utility parastatal of 
Namibia.  In January 2009, Orascom Telecom's subsidiary Telecel 
Globe acquired 100% of Cell One.  Nampower is the national power 
utility parastatal. 
 
Independent Ratings on Namibia's Investment Climate 
 
¶12. (U) Independent ratings confirm that Namibia enjoys a positive 
investment climate. The World Bank ranked Namibia 51 among 181 
countries in its 2009 Doing Business report.  Namibia received its 
lowest rankings for registering property, trading across borders, 
and starting a business.  The World Bank reported that it requires 
on average 10 procedures and 66 days to start a business. 
Registering property takes on average 9 procedures and 23 days, and 
the process costs nearly 10% of the property's value.  It takes 11 
documents and approximately 29 days to export a product and 24 days 
to import an item (trade across borders), according to the World 
Bank. 
 
http://www.doingbusiness.org/ExploreEconomies / 
Default.aspx?economyid=135 
 
Foreign Investment in the Namibian Stock Exchange 
 
¶13. (U) Foreigners must pay a 10% non-resident shareholders tax on 
dividends; however there is no capital gains or marketable 
securities tax. As a member of the Common Monetary Area the Namibia 
Dollar (denoted as N$) is pegged one-to-one with the South African 
Rand. 
 
Work Permits 
 
¶14. (U) The lengthy and administratively burdensome process of 
obtaining work permits is among investors' greatest complaints in 
Namibia.  Although the government cites the 36 percent unemployment 
rate as its motivation for a strict policy on work permits, 
generally Namibia does not yet have the available skills capacity to 
fill the jobs which foreigners seek. 
 
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Conversion and Transfer Policies 
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¶15. (U) The Foreign Investment Act of 1990 offers investors meeting 
certain eligibility criteria the opportunity to obtain a Certificate 
of Status Investment (CSI).  A "status investor" is entitled to: 
 
--  preferential access to foreign exchange to repay foreign debt, 
pay royalties and similar charges, remit branch profits and 
dividends; 
--  preferential access to foreign currency in order to repatriate 
proceeds from the sale of an enterprise to a Namibian resident; 
--  exemption from regulations which might restrict certain business 
or categories of business to Namibian participation; 
--  right to international arbitration in the event of a dispute 
with the government; and 
--  payment of just compensation without undue delay and in freely 
convertible currency in the event of expropriation. 
 
¶16. (U) To obtain a CSI, an investor must apply to the Ministry of 
Trade and Industry.  The investor's application must demonstrate the 
extent to which the proposed investment: 
 
--  will contribute toward Namibia's development objectives; 
--  will use Namibian labor and natural resources to contribute to 
the economy; 
--  will assist in the advancement of socially, economically or 
educationally disadvantaged of Namibians; 
--  will make provisions for equal opportunities for women; and, 
--  will likely impact the environment, and the proposed measures to 
mitigate adverse environmental consequences. 
 
¶17. (U) There is no limit on investment transfers by corporations to 
other countries The Bank of Namibia processes applications. 
Non-residents may access local credit up to 200 percent of their 
total shareholders' investment to finance foreign direct investments 
in Namibia. The banking system is modern and closely tied to the 
South African system.  However, banking fees and charges are among 
the highest in the world.  Three of the four local commercial banks 
are subsidiaries of South African banks. All local commercial banks 
handle international transactions and trade financing. 
 
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Expropriation and Compensation 
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¶18. (U) Government expropriations are rare. According to the Foreign 
Investment Act, foreign investors who have received a Certificate of 
Status Investment (CSI) are entitled "just compensation . . without 
undue delay and in freely convertible currency" if the government 
expropriates the investor's property. Furthermore, the courts are 
generally independent and uphold contracts. 
 
¶19. (U) The primary mechanism for land reform that the government 
continues to pursue is a "willing buyer-willing seller" program, 
which is rooted in the Namibian Constitution.  The Namibian 
Constitution also provides for the expropriation of property in the 
public interest subject to the payment of "just" compensation and in 
accordance with legal procedures.  Landowners have the option to 
challenge the Government, including the price offered for 
expropriation, through the court system.  As in other Southern 
African countries emerging from apartheid, land reform is at the 
forefront of public debate.  The land reform process draws criticism 
for the slow pace of acquiring commercial farmland and resettling 
Namibia's landless.  Namibian stakeholders agreed that foreign-owned 
and non-productive farmland should be primary targets for 
expropriation.  In 2005, the Government introduced a land tax to 
raise money for land acquisition subjecting absentee landowners to 
higher tax rates than resident farmers. 
 
¶20. (U) Under its land reform program the government has carried out 
the expropriation of "unproductive" agricultural land from both 
domestic and overseas (primarily German) landowners.  The High Court 
of Namibia on March 6, 2008 made its first ruling on the legality of 
expropriation under the land reform program.  The Court ruled the 
program was constitutional but found that the Ministry of Lands and 
Resettlement's administration of the expropriation process had 
violated Namibian law on several grounds. 
 
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Dispute Settlement 
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¶21. (U) The Foreign Investment Act allows for the settlement of 
disputes by international arbitration for investors that have 
obtained a Certificate of Status Investment (CSI).  The CSI must 
also include a provision for international arbitration.  The Act 
stipulates that arbitration "shall be in accordance with the 
Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International 
Trade Law in force at the time when the Certificate was issued" 
unless the CSI stipulated another form of dispute resolution. 
 
¶22. (U) Namibia's legal system, based on the Roman Dutch Law, is 
similar to South Africa's legal system. The system provides 
effective means to enforce property and contractual rights.  The 
Company's Act of 2004 governs company and corporate liquidations 
while the Insolvency Act 61 of 1936 governs insolvent individuals 
and their estates. The Insolvency Act details sequestration 
procedures and the rights of creditors. 
 
¶23. (U) A new Insolvency Amendment Bill was passed in 2005 but has 
not yet been signed into law. 
 
¶24. (U) The Namibian court system is independent, and does not 
suffer from government interference.  Per the Criminal Procedure Act 
of 2004, foreign court judgments may be accepted under an 
extradition treaty. 
 
¶25. (U) Namibia signed but has not ratified the Convention on the 
Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of 
Other States. 
 
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Performance Requirements and Incentives 
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¶26. (U) Namibia does not impose performance requirements on foreign 
investors.  For certain industries, however, there are local content 
requirements to exempt final products from duties under the Southern 
African Customs Union (SACU). 
 
Incentives 
 
¶27. (U) Incentives are mainly aimed at stimulating manufacturing in 
Namibia and promoting exports. Incentives are designed to give 
Namibia-based entrepreneurs investing in manufacturing and exporting 
a competitive edge. These tax and non-tax incentives are accessible 
to both existing and new manufacturers. 
 
Import Permits 
 
¶28. (U) The Ministry of Trade and Industry requires import permits 
for products entering the country.  Products subject to 
non-automatic import licensing are medicines, chemicals, frozen and 
chilled fish and meat, live animals, genetic materials, controlled 
petroleum products, firearms and explosives, diamonds, gold, and 
other minerals, and almost all second-hand goods, including clothing 
and motor vehicles. In practice, the Ministry of Trade and Industry 
does not issue licenses for used clothing imports. 
 
¶29. (U) Most non-agricultural imports only require a permit issued 
by MTI.  However, depending on the agricultural product, additional 
documentation may be necessary.  The Namibian Agronomic Board issues 
permits for the import, export, and transit of controlled agronomic 
crops such as wheat, wheat products, corn, and corn products. 
Agronomic crops and derivatives and plants and plant products also 
require a phytosanitary certificate issued by the Ministry of 
Agriculture, Water and Forestry (MAWF).  Retailers of fruits, 
vegetables, and other crop products must purchase 27.5 percent of 
their stock from local farmers. The Namibian Meat Board regulates 
the import and export of live animals (cattle, sheep, goats and 
pigs) and derivative meat products.  Importers of these products 
must demonstrate compliance with the country's animal health 
standards by obtaining a veterinary import permit from the 
Directorate of Veterinary Services.  The import of wood and lumber 
products requires permits from the MAWF. 
 
¶30. (U) Namibia is a party to the WTO Agreement on Import Licensing. 
 
 
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Right to Private Ownership and Establishment 
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¶31. (U) The Namibian Constitution guarantees all persons the right 
to acquire, own and dispose of all forms of property throughout 
Namibia, but also allows Parliament to make laws concerning 
expropriation of property (see above) and to regulate the right of 
foreign nationals to own or buy property in Namibia. There are no 
restrictions on the establishment of private businesses, size of 
investment, sources of funds, marketing products, source of 
technology, or training in Namibia. 
 
Real Estate 
 
¶32. (U) Foreign investors can purchase and own land in Namibia. 
There is an exception related to agricultural land.  Due to 
Namibia's ongoing land reform and resettlement process, legislation 
restricts non-resident foreigners from purchasing agricultural 
farmland.  Existing agricultural land owned by non-resident 
foreigners (so-called absentee owners) has been considered a primary 
target for government expropriation under the land reform process. 
 
Protection of Property Rights 
 
¶33. (U) The Namibian legal system protects and facilitates 
acquisition and disposition of property such as land, buildings, and 
mortgages.  All deeds of sales are registered with the Deeds Office. 
Property is usually purchased through real estate agents and most 
banks provide credit through mortgages. The Namibian Constitution 
prohibits expropriation without just compensation. 
 
¶34. (U) Namibia is a party to the WIPO Convention, the Berne 
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and 
the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. 
Namibia is also a party to the Protocol Relating to the Madrid 
Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks and the 
Patent Cooperation Treaty.  Namibia is a signatory to the WIPO 
Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty. 
 
¶35. (U) The responsibility for IPR protection is divided among three 
government ministries.  The Ministry of Trade and Industry oversees 
industrial property and is responsible for the registration of 
companies, private corporations, patents, trademarks, and designs. 
The Ministry of Information and Communication Technology manages 
copyright protection, while the Ministry of Environment and Tourism 
protects indigenous plant varieties and any associated traditional 
knowledge of these plants.  In January 2009 the Ministry of Trade 
and Industry circulated a draft industrial property bill, which 
proposes to establish an Industrial Property Office to handle 
administration of patents, marks and designs.  The law has not yet 
been passed. 
 
¶36. (U) The Ministry of Information and Communication Technology has 
drafted amendments to the Copyright and Neighboring Rights 
Protection Act of 1994 with the aim of bringing it in line with the 
TRIPS Agreement and the WIPO treaties.  However, the new law still 
needs to be passed and enacted.  It aims to improve standards of IPR 
protection and include new aspects such as satellite, traditional 
knowledge and folklore issues.  Two copyright organizations, the 
Namibian Society of Composers and Authors of Music (NASCAM) and the 
newly established Namibian Reproduction Rights Organization (NAMRRO) 
are the key driving forces behind the government's anti-piracy 
campaigns.  NASCAM administers intellectual property rights for 
authors, composers and publishers of music while NAMRRO protects all 
other intellectual property rights including literary, artistic, 
broadcasting, satellite, traditional knowledge and folklore. 
 
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Transparency of Regulatory System 
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¶37. (U) Namibia has a bicameral legislature comprising the National 
Assembly and National Council. Most power rests in the National 
Assembly.  While committees in both houses can consider and make 
recommendations on legislative proposals, in practice, the National 
Assembly standing committees make recommendations on proposed bills 
to the National Assembly. The committees are required to solicit 
citizen and civil society participation when reviewing bills and 
government agency performance.  Sector-based and non-government 
organizations often work with the Ministry of Justice and other 
government agencies to sponsor legislation or provide technical 
expertise for draft legislation. Namibia also has a fledgling lobby 
movement. 
 
¶38. (U) In many sectors, a relatively effective and transparent 
regulatory system exists.  In 2000, the government established the 
Electricity Control Board (ECB) www.ecb.org.na, which is responsible 
for regulating the energy sector. The Namibian parastatal 
responsible for providing electricity, NamPower, currently enjoys a 
monopoly.  However, the ECB's core function is to regulate 
electricity generation, transmission, distribution, supply, import 
and export within the country.  The ECB's vision is for Namibia to 
have a competitive and transparent electricity market.  As 
regulator, the ECB is responsible for recommending to the Minister 
of Mines and Energy which companies or entities should receive 
licenses. 
 
Click here for Fitch's credit rating for NamPower: 
 
http://www.fitchratings.com/corporate/ratings / 
issuer_content.cfm?issr_id=82576967 
 
¶39. (U) The Namibian Communication Commission (NCC) www.ncc.org.na 
has limited regulatory responsibilities, which include regulating 
frequency allocation and establishing license fees. NCC does not 
regulate the national fixed line operator, Telecom Namibia, and this 
creates a de facto regulatory vacuum for the industry.  Namibia has 
a small degree of parastatal market liberalization. Internet and 
mobile telephony services have been opened up to competition. This 
move is intended to improve service and foster better communication 
in rural and remote areas. Currently, there is a moratorium on the 
issuing of all telecommunications licenses until the new 
Telecommunications Bill is passed. 
 
¶40. (U) The Namibia Financial Institutions Supervisory Authority 
(NAMFISA) www.namfisa.com.na regulates non-banking financial 
institutions. The authority aims to reduce financial crime through 
developing and implementing effective regulatory systems. 
 
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Efficient Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment 
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¶41. (U) There is a free flow of financial resources within Namibia 
and throughout Common Monetary Area (CMA) countries of the South 
African Customs Union (SACU) which include Namibia, Swaziland, South 
Africa and Lesotho.  Capital flows with the rest of the world are 
relatively free, subject to South African exchange controls 
(discussed above in Conversion and Transfer Policies).  The Namibia 
Financial Institutions Supervisory Authority (NAMFISA) registers 
portfolio managers and supervises the actions of the Namibian Stock 
Exchange (NSX) and other non-banking financial institutions. 
 
¶42. (U) Although the NSX is the second largest stock exchange in 
Africa, this distinction is largely because many South African firms 
listed on the Johannesburg exchange are also listed (dual listed) on 
the NSX.  For additional information on the Namibian Stock Exchange, 
please visit: http://www.nsx.com.na/. The government has also 
introduced investment incentives to attract mutual funds and foreign 
portfolio investors that have energized emerging stock markets 
elsewhere in the developing world.  By law, Namibia's government 
pension fund and other Namibian funds are required to allocate a 
certain percentage of their holdings in Namibian investments. 
Namibia has a world-class banking system that offers all the 
services needed by a large company. 
 
¶43. (U) There are no laws or practices by private firms in Namibia 
enabling incorporations to prohibit foreign investment, 
participation or control; nor are there any laws or practices by 
private firms or government precluding foreign participation in 
industry standards setting consortia. 
 
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Political Violence 
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¶44. (U) Namibia is a stable multi-party and multi-racial democracy. 
The protection of human rights is enshrined in the Namibian 
constitution, and the government generally respected those rights. 
Political violence is rare, but there were some political 
confrontations and violent incidents in 2008 between supporters of 
the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) and SWAPO party members. 
Nevertheless, damage to commercial projects and/or installations as 
a result of political violence is considered unlikely. 
 
State Department's 2008 Human Rights Report for Namibia: 
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008 
 
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Corruption 
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¶45. (U) Transparency International ranked Namibia 61 out of 180 
countries in its 2008 corruption perceptions index, which measures 
the perceptions of businesses and country analysts about the degree 
of corruption in a country.  A score of 10 reflects a "highly clean" 
and 0 reflects a "highly corrupt" nation.  Namibia scored 4.5 just 
behind Turkey, Lithuania, and Poland's score of 4.6.   Only four 
sub-Saharan African countries (Botswana, South Africa, Mauritius and 
Seychelles) ranked higher. 
 
See: http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/ 
surveys_indices/cpi/2008 
 
¶46. (U) The Namibian Government has adopted a policy of "zero 
tolerance" for corruption.  The Namibian Government passed the 
Anti-Corruption Act in May 2003, appointed the director and deputy 
director of the resulting Anti-Corruption Commission in October 
2005, and launched the opening of the office in 2006. The Commission 
attempts to complement civil society's anti-corruption programs and 
support existing institutions such as the Ombudsman's Office and 
Attorney General.  Anti-corruption legislation is in place to combat 
public corruption.  Critics of the anti-corruption campaign charge 
that the ACC narrowly interprets its mandate and focuses on minor 
cases, with few cases reaching prosecution. 
 
¶47. (U) Namibia has signed and ratified the UN Convention Against 
Corruption and the African Union's African Convention on Preventing 
and Combating Corruption.  Namibia signed the Southern African 
Development Community's Protocol Against Corruption. 
 
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Bilateral Investment Agreements 
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¶48. (U) Namibia has ratified reciprocal investment promotion and 
protection treaties with Switzerland, Malaysia, France, Germany, the 
Netherlands, Cuba, Finland, Spain, Austria, Angola, Vietnam, Italy 
and China.  There is no bilateral investment agreement between the 
United States and Namibia. In 2008, SACU (of which Namibia is a 
member) signed a Trade, Investment and Development Cooperation 
Agreement (TIDCA) with the United States. 
 
¶49. (U) As a member of the Southern African Customs Union, Namibia 
will be a beneficiary of SACU's free trade agreement with the 
European Free Trade Association (Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway, and 
Switzerland) currently awaiting signatures and is part of 
negotiations for trade agreements with the U.S. and Mercosur 
(Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay).  SACU plans to extend 
its free trade network to the EU, China, Egypt, India, Kenya, and 
Nigeria.  Namibia also has an FTA with Zimbabwe that was finalized 
in 1993. 
 
For additional information, please contact: 
 
Directorate of International Trade 
Private Bag 13340 
Windhoek, Namibia 
Tel: +264-61-283-7331 
Fax: +264-61-253865 
E-mail: dit@mti.gov.na 
 
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OPIC and Other Investment Insurance Programs 
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¶50. (U) The Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) provides 
political risk insurance to qualified U.S. investors in Namibia.  In 
June 2005, OPIC approved a $25.2 million credit facility to enhance 
the operations of NamGem Diamond Manufacturing Company Ltd. 
(NamGem). The U.S. sponsor of the project was Lazare Kaplan 
International Inc. (LKI).Namibia is also a member of the World 
Bank's Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), which 
performs a similar function.  MIGA has so far not issued any 
guarantees for investment, but Namibia has been an active 
beneficiary of MIGA's technical assistance services. 
 
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Labor 
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¶51. (U) The Namibian Constitution allows for the formation of 
independent trade unions to protect workers' rights and to promote 
sound labor relations and fair employment practices.  Namibia has 
ratified six of the International Labor Organization's fundamental 
conventions.  Businesses operating within the EPZ are required to 
adhere to the Labor Act. 
 
¶52. (U) While there is a pool of qualified workers in varying 
professions in Namibia, there is a shortage of highly skilled labor. 
 Employers often cite labor productivity as their biggest challenge. 
 The Government offers manufacturing companies special tax 
deductions of up to 25 percent if they provide technical training to 
employees.  The Government will also reimburse companies for costs 
directly related to employee training under approved conditions. 
 
¶53. (U) In 2007, Namibia passed a new Labor Act to replace 
legislation dating back to 1992. The new law, which entered into 
force in November 2008, is stricter with respect to discrimination 
in the workplace and establishes new protections for pregnant 
workers as well as employees infected with HIV/AIDS.  The act 
provides for arbitration and conciliation as a means to resolve 
labor disputes more quickly.  The act also prohibits the hiring of 
temporary or contract workers.  Employers have expressed concern 
that banning such working arrangements would diminish the 
flexibility to hire workers on short-term projects, potentially 
exacerbating Namibia's already high (36%) unemployment rate.  A 
legal challenge to the constitutionality of the labor hire 
prohibition failed in the High Court. The court ruled the 
prohibition was constitutional, but the case is on appeal. 
 
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Foreign-Trade Zones/Free Ports 
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¶54. (U) Foreign firms enjoy the same investment opportunities as 
local companies.  There are no free ports in Namibia, although 
NamPort, the national port authority, is considering establishing a 
free port distribution center at Walvis Bay. 
 
Export processing Zones (EPZ) 
 
¶55. (U) Companies with Export Processing Zone (EPZ) status can set 
up operations anywhere in Namibia.  There are no restrictions on the 
industrial sector provided that the exports are destined for markets 
outside the SACU region, earn foreign exchange, and employ 
Namibians.  EPZ benefits include no corporate tax, no import duties 
on the importation of capital equipment or raw materials, and no 
VAT, sales tax, stamp or transfer duties on goods and services 
required for EPZ activities.  Non-residents operating in an EPZ may 
hold foreign currency accounts in local banks.  The Government also 
provides grants to EPZ companies for training programs to improve 
Namibian workers' skills and productivity. 
 
¶56. (U) The Offshore Development Company (ODC) administers the 
country's Export Processing Zone (EPZ) regime.  However, ODC has 
been at the center of a corruption scandal involving the loss of 100 
million Namibian dollars (approximately 10 million USD) in 
investments.  ODC maintains that it is financially stable and is 
negotiating repayment. 
 
Further information on EPZs is available at: 
http://www.mti.gov.na/subpage.php?linkNo=16 
http://www.embnamibia.at/NAMIBIA/tradeInvestm ent/ 
export_processing_zone_investorguide.pdf 
 
For more information on investment incentives: 
http://www.mti.gov.na/subpage.php?linkNo=22 
 
For information on Namibia's Walvis Bay port EPZ managed by the 
Walvis Bay EPZ Management Company, please click: 
http://www.wbepzmc.iway.na 
 
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Foreign Direct Investment Statistics 
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¶57. (U) The most recent foreign direct investment statistics are 
available from the Bank of Namibia. However, the published 
statistics do not reveal country specific figures. 
 
http://www.bon.com.na/stats/bop.aspx?type=2 
 
For country specific figures up to 2005, please see the United 
Nations Conference On Trade And Development (UNCTAD) website: 
 
http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/ 
docs/wid_cp_na_en.pdf 
 
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Web Resources 
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Government of the Republic of Namibia: www.grnnet.gov.na 
 
Namibian Parliament: www.parliament.gov.na 
 
Ministry of Trade and Industry: www.mti.gov.na 
 
Bank of Namibia: www.bon.com.na 
 
Namibia Financial Institutions Supervisory Authority (Namfisa): 
www.namfisa.com.na 
 
Namibia Stock Exchange: www.nsx.com.na 
 
Namibia Labor Resource and Research Institute (LARRI): 
www.larri.com.na 
 
Namibia Communication Commission (NCC): www.ncc.org.na 
 
Fitch's Ratings: www.fitchratings.com 
 
World Economic Forum: www.weforum.org 
 
 
MATHIEU