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Viewing cable 09ISLAMABAD140, GOP CONTINUES TO PUSH FOR BIT

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09ISLAMABAD140 2009-01-22 12:16 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Islamabad
VZCZCXRO2435
RR RUEHLH RUEHPW
DE RUEHIL #0140/01 0221216
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 221216Z JAN 09
FM AMEMBASSY ISLAMABAD
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 1117
INFO RUEHBUL/AMEMBASSY KABUL 9678
RUEHNE/AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI 4314
RUEHKP/AMCONSUL KARACHI 0911
RUEHLH/AMCONSUL LAHORE 6633
RUEHPW/AMCONSUL PESHAWAR 5510
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RHMFISS/CDR USCENTCOM MACDILL AFB FL
RHWSMRC/USCINCCENT MACDILL AFB FL
RUEHRC/DEPT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON DC
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 ISLAMABAD 000140 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EINV EFIN ETRD PGOV PREL PG PK
SUBJECT: GOP CONTINUES TO PUSH FOR BIT 
 
REF: 2008 ISLAMABAD 3933 
 
 1. (SBU) Summary.  Minister Saleem Mandviwalla, Chairman of 
the GOP Board of Investment, insists the GOP has the 
political will to finalize the U.S.-Pakistan Bilateral 
Investment Treaty (BIT) and that President Zardari and Prime 
Minister Gilani had recently agreed the BIT should go forward 
as soon as negotiations can be arranged. Mandviwalla gave 
Post an internal GOP document characterizing U.S.-GOP 
differences on the BIT, which should be helpful in 
formulating USG responses.  See below for relevant portions 
of the text.  End summary. 
 
------------------- 
A BIT ABOUT THE BIT 
------------------- 
 
2. (SBU) ComCouns and EconOff met January 15 with Minister 
Saleem Mandviwalla, Chairman of the GOP Board of 
Investment,and Board of Investment Director Raania Ahsan. 
Mandviwalla, who took office in October 2008 and previously 
worked in the private sector, was very eager to discuss 
potential for U.S.-Pakistani business partnerships and 
private U.S. investment in Pakistan.  He agreed that 
finalizing a BIT would be an important step towards 
increasing bilateral business exchanges. 
 
3. (SBU) Mandviwalla said he had spoken recently with 
President Zardari and Prime Minister Gilani about a BIT, and 
that they all agreed it should be concluded.  He gave Econoff 
an internal GOP note regarding the five points on which the 
GOP and U.S. had not reached agreement when BIT talks stalled 
in October 2006. 
 
4. (SBU) Mandviwalla also expressed concern that the 
Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (ROZs) will not attract 
investors without extensive incentives because of security 
concerns and lenders who presently are hesitant to extend 
credit. 
 
-------------- 
A NOTABLE NOTE 
-------------- 
 
5. (SBU) The GOP document comments on five points on which 
the U.S. and GOP have disagreed during previous BIT 
negotiations (reftel).  The verbatim text regarding these 
disputes is as follows: 
 
Begin text. 
Note on Bilateral Investment Treaty Between Pakistan and 
USA...Five Outstanding Issues under Negotiation: 
 
--Transparency provisions under Article 11(2) and Article 
20(6), briefly, requiring the publication in advance of any 
proposed or to be adopted laws, rules, regulations, etc., 
regarding the matters pertaining to the Treaty and similarly 
any regulation of general application relating to the 
financial services that is proposed to be adopted. 
 
Proposal: Transparency standards are practically difficult to 
achieve, e.g. with SROs (Statutory Regulatory Orders). 
Therefore, BIT language should not be mandatory but 
discretionary.  There is substantial agreement:  USA 
recognises the genuine difficulties with Ordinances and SROs. 
 Language of BIT should be exhortatory or it should be 
clarified that transparency requirements must be interpreted 
in the context of the state of development of each party. 
 
--Scope of Treaty: The language of the draft is considered 
vague and ambiguous and described as "open ended."  With 
reference to Article 2 of the draft, the level of protection 
provided under the treaty would be far greater than that 
required under International Law as illustrated by the right 
to claim a denial of justice for example.  Under law, the 
investor is required to meet a higher threshold of denial of 
justice to show "obvious futility."  Furthermore, the 
retroactive effect of the agreement would provide protection 
to all investments and disputes including those that existed 
prior to the coming into effect of this treaty.  Pakistan 
insists that the agreement should be prospective in effect. 
 
 
ISLAMABAD 00000140  002 OF 003 
 
 
Proposal: GOP is of the view that expressions should be 
clearly and concisely defined and meanings stated explicitly 
so that a future BIT tribunal does not interpret the words in 
a manner contrary to what was intended by Pakistan. 
Requirements under the treaty should be at parity with 
requirements under public international law.  The agreement 
by the USA that the BIT shall not have retro-active 
application needs to be clarified in the Shared Understanding 
as do concerns pertaining to a number of provisions that 
create ambiguity. 
 
--Claim on behalf of an enterprise:  Article 24(1)(b) allows 
a US investor to file a claim on behalf of the entire 
enterprise regardless of the proportion of his share.  Under 
international law, only direct loss is recoverable and a 
person cannot assert claim against his or her own State and 
likewise BIT protection conferred on a US citizen or entity 
should not extend to citizens or entities of third countries 
or even of Pakistan (unless the entity is a juridical person, 
majority owned or controlled by a US citizen or entity). 
 
Proposal: Under international law, only a direct loss is 
recoverable and a person cannot assert claim against his or 
her own State and likewise BIT protection conferred on a US 
citizen or entity should not extend to citizens or entities 
of third countries or even of Pakistan (unless the entity is 
a juridical person, majority owned or controlled by a US 
citizen or entity).  There is substantial agreement on this 
issue as Pakistan's position is consistent with the USA's 
interpretation of like provisions in NAFTA as submitted by 
the USA in GAMI Investments, Inc. v. Mexico.  Pakistan is 
awaiting an amendment to the draft of the Shared 
Understanding from the USA. 
 
--Investment Agreement: Article 24(1) requires the host-state 
to observe any private obligations it has entered into in 
regard to covered investments.  Such a provision makes a 
contractual or obligatory breach simultaneously a breach of 
the investment treaty.  Thus, failure by an investor (whether 
corporate or individual) that is a party to an investment 
will result in a complaint against the country, in addition 
to any complaints regarding the contractual breach.  The 
result of this dual obligation is that the government, in 
addition to the enterprise, is held responsible for the 
insolvency of the multinational partnerships and which will 
inevitably result in mega million dollar awards that the GOP 
will not be able to defend or afford. 
 
Proposal: Pakistan does not accept that every breach of 
contract by the State or its Agency should be a breach of the 
BIT.  Pakistan accepts responsibility for its sovereign acts 
in the exercise of sovereign power.  Otherwise, contractual 
breaches should be remedied through the contractual dispute 
resolution mechanism provided in the investment agreement. 
 
--Additional Rules regarding the arbitration procedure 
contained in Section B of the draft treaty: whereby Pakistan 
has maintained its old position that the additional rules are 
superfluous in view of GOP's acceptance of international 
arbitration. 
 
Proposal: USA should respond to Pakistan's queries and 
comments.  ICSID remedy should be sole remedy unless barred 
by ICSID itself, as in the case of dual nationals and 
pre-establishment claims. 
End text. 
 
6. (SBU) The Note also contains the following comments on 
"Other Substantive Issues:" 
 
Begin text. 
-- Pakistan and its Agencies face serious capacity 
constraints in complying with the standards imposed by the 
BIT. 
-- More favorable provisions of the US BIT may be 
incorporated into other BITs through an MFN clause in those 
other BITs. 
--Shared Understanding: As public international law is in 
flux, therefore it is imperative that the parties' intentions 
be clearly specified and Shared Understanding be stated to be 
an agreement as contemplated under Article 31(3) of the 
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 to ensure that 
 
ISLAMABAD 00000140  003 OF 003 
 
 
it prevails over the BIT. 
End text. 
 
7. (SBU) Comment: With many new faces in the GOP since the 
last round of BIT negotiations, it is not clear who will 
actually be in charge of the negotiations.  The Board of 
Investment has always been involved in the process, but the 
lead was taken over by then Attorney General Makhdoom Khan in 
2006.  Mandviwalla's enthusiasm marks him a clear BIT 
advocate and keeping him in the loop will help the U.S. move 
negotiations forward.  The relatively new Minster of 
Investment, Waqar Ahmad Khan, also strongly favors concluding 
the BIT. 
 
8. (SBU) Mandviwalla may not have been fully aware of 
critical language regarding the U.S.  However, the Note sets 
out GOP positions on the BIT quite clearly and may be helpful 
to U.S. negotiators. 
 
PATTERSON