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Viewing cable 08UNVIEVIENNA668, UNCAC WORKING GROUP MEETINGS: REVIEWING IMPLEMENTATION

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
08UNVIEVIENNA668 2008-12-23 15:56 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED UNVIE
VZCZCXYZ0020
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHUNV #0668/01 3581556
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 231556Z DEC 08
FM USMISSION UNVIE VIENNA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 8870
INFO RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 1431
UNCLAS UNVIE VIENNA 000668 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KCRM KCOR UNODC UN AU
 
SUBJECT:  UNCAC WORKING GROUP MEETINGS: REVIEWING IMPLEMENTATION 
AND PROMOTING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 
 
------- 
SUMMARY 
------- 
 
1. SUMMARY: The UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) hosted two 
intergovernmental expert working group meetings during the week of 
December 15 to promote implementation of the UN Convention against 
Corruption (UNCAC).  During the meeting of the Review of 
Implementation Working Group on December 15-17, experts from over 70 
countries began negotiating various options for designing a new 
mechanism to review implementation of UNCAC. Major differences 
remain between some G-77 (China, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, and Cuba) 
and non-G-77 (UK, Norway, France, Netherlands) countries on key 
principles that will shape the mechanism, including the sources and 
confidentiality of information that will be considered during the 
review process, the form and nature of the group that will review 
implementation reports, and whether reviews will include site visits 
of experts to the country under review.  While the U.S. vision for 
the mechanism appears a potential middle-ground for compromise, the 
U.S. and Japan seem isolated on our insistence that the new 
mechanism must be funded entirely with voluntary contributions. 
Delegates will meet informally prior to the next formal meeting of 
the working group in May 2009 and attempt to resolve these several 
key contentious issues. 
 
2. SUMMARY CONTINUED: During the meeting of the Technical Assistance 
Working Group on December 18-19, experts from over 60 countries met 
to refine ideas on how technical assistance can best support 
implementation of UNCAC. The constructive discussion resulted in 
recommendations to enhance technical assistance coordination at the 
in-country level, though the nature of that coordination is still 
not fully agreed, and to conduct future expert-based seminars to 
identify the challenges of implementing certain UNCAC commitments. 
Delegates also endorsed a UNODC proposal to create a pool of experts 
who are knowledgeable about the UNCAC and can be used by UNODC and 
other technical assistance providers to help respond to requests for 
help in implementing UNCAC.  END SUMMARY 
 
-------------------------------------- 
DESIGNING A NEW UNCAC REVIEW MECHANISM 
-------------------------------------- 
 
3. The UNCAC Review of Implementation Working Group met in Vienna on 
December 15-17, 2008, to pursue its mandate, given by the 2nd UNCAC 
Conference of States Parties (COSP) in January, to develop terms of 
reference for a new mechanism to review implementation among States 
Parties. The ultimate goal is to finalize terms of reference that 
can be approved by the 3rd COSP, scheduled to be held in Doha in 
early November 2009.  The U.S. delegation, led by John Brandolino, 
Senior INL Advisor to the U.S. Mission to UN Agencies in Vienna 
(UNVIE), consisted of representatives of State/INL and the U.S. 
Office of Government Ethics. 
 
4. Delegates from over 60 countries began negotiations using a text 
created by the UNODC secretariat.  The text, created after informal 
consultations held in November and based upon written proposals 
submitted during the summer by 33 countries, contains multiple 
options for designing a new UNCAC review mechanism.  Options range 
from requiring each country to conduct a modest self-assessment to 
implementing a robust peer review model which would involve expert 
site visits to each country under review.  Negotiations progressed 
slowly.  At the end of three days, delegates had discussed only 20 
of approximately 50 paragraphs. 
 
------------------------------ 
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES REMAIN 
------------------------------ 
 
5. Several areas of contention emerged during the negotiations. 
These include: (1) defining the nature and composition of the body 
that will undertake the reviews; (2) identifying the sources of 
information that can be used by the body and whether such 
information, including any resulting individual country review 
reports, will be kept confidential; and (3) determining whether 
reviews must include site visits of reviewing experts to reviewed 
countries.  Positions remained firm, with some outspoken G-77 
delegations (China, Egypt, Cuba, Iran, and Pakistan) supporting a 
very modest and potentially ineffective vision of a review process 
that would involve reviewing only information provided by the 
government under review, lead to individual country reports that 
could not be made public, and forbid any site visits of experts to 
countries under review.  In contrast, several outspoken non-G-77 
delegations (UK, Netherlands, Norway, France) advocated for a review 
process that would include a formal role for civil society, require 
expert site visits to each country under review, and result in 
individual country implementation reports that would be 
automatically made available to the public. 
 
6. The U.S. vision for a new mechanism, which anticipates peer 
review but also some degree of country ownership over individual 
review reports, remains reflected in the resulting text and 
 
represents a potential middle ground for compromise.  However, given 
the stark differences that emerged between some G-77 and non-G-77 
countries, several supporters of a more robust process, including 
the U.S., met in the margins to begin defining any common redlines 
for establishing a credible review process worth our time and 
effort. 
 
7. While delegates did not reach agreement on a text discussing the 
issue of how the mechanism should be funded, meetings on the margins 
revealed that the U.S. and Japan are isolated in their insistence 
that the mechanism should be funded entirely by voluntary 
contributions.  Even natural allies on this issue (UK, Australia) 
appear ready to accept UN regular budget funding for this process, 
seeing anticorruption and UNCAC as important enough for an exception 
to their usual call for UN budget discipline.  U.S. delegates 
presented arguments on the margins as to why regular budget funding 
is inappropriate, but delegations continued to reiterate their 
desire for consistent, stable and non-earmarked funding. 
 
8. The Review of Implementation Working Group will meet again in May 
2009 to continue negotiations on the text.  As proposed by the U.S. 
to the UNODC secretariat, there will likely be an additional round 
of informal consultations in Vienna prior to May to try to resolve 
specifically the several key areas of contention. 
 
------------------------------ 
ENHANCING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 
------------------------------ 
 
9. The UNCAC Technical Assistance Working Group met in Vienna on 
December 18-19, 2008, to pursue its mandate to determine needs and 
priorities for technical assistance to support implementation of the 
convention.  The U.S. delegation, led by John Brandolino, Senior INL 
Advisor to UNVIE, consisted of representatives of State/INL and the 
U.S. Agency for International Development. 
 
10.  Prior to the meeting, the UNODC secretariat provided an 
analysis of technical assistance needs identified by the 68 
respondent countries to the UNCAC self-assessment checklist.   The 
analysis showed a need for assistance in legislative drafting and 
with help in implementing several articles found in the 
criminalization, prevention and asset recovery chapters.  UNODC 
proposed several methods to facilitate addressing these needs. 
These included developing a country-specific matrix that would 
facilitate the matching of technical assistance supply and demand, 
and establishing a roster of experts administered by UNODC who would 
possess some expertise on UNCAC and who could be used by UNODC and 
other technical assistance providers to promote implementation of 
UNCAC. The OECD Development Assistance Committee's GovNet also 
tabled a conference room paper on steps the donor community can take 
to foster good practices in assistance related to implementation of 
UNCAC, such as mainstreaming UNCAC into development assistance and 
promoting country-level processes to define needs and coordinate 
among donors and with host-country counterparts. 
 
11.  Following two days of constructive deliberations, delegates 
from over 60 countries eventually endorsed a number of the ideas 
proposed by UNODC and the donors.  Participants supported creation 
of a roster of experts, although the U.S. insisted successfully that 
UNODC prepare a formal project proposal outlining the details of how 
they intend to administer such a roster and also indicating any 
needs for voluntary funding.  Donor efforts to ensure that 
coordination of UNCAC implementation assistance is integrated into 
existing donor-host country dialogue mechanisms was met with 
resistance from some countries (Egypt, Iran, China) who seek to 
portray UNCAC assistance as separate from other development 
assistance. Nonetheless, delegates endorsed the need to enhance 
in-country coordination, which opens the door to a U.S. proposal on 
the margins for donors to test in-country coordination in several 
countries and report on their results to the next working group 
meeting scheduled for September 2009.  Donor representatives, both 
during the meeting and on the margins, declared their commitment to 
mainstream UNCAC into their anticorruption operations, noting the 
need for UNCAC to frame their work in this area. 
 
----------------------------- 
ASSET RECOVERY ON THE MARGINS 
----------------------------- 
 
12. While the issue of asset recovery was not on any formal agenda, 
the U.S. delegation capitalized on opportunities to advance U.S. 
interests on that issue. Several countries informally reiterated 
their support for an informal expert discussion process launched by 
the U.S. at the September working group meetings to identify areas 
for strengthening implementation of UNCAC's international asset 
recovery framework. The U.S., now joined by Peru, circulated earlier 
in the month a summary of those September discussions and potential 
next steps to continue the dialogue among asset recovery experts 
from over 20 key countries. To support the process, Switzerland 
hosted a dinner meeting on December 16 that brought key G-77 
representatives (Egypt, China, Brazil, Indonesia, Peru) together 
 
with representatives of financial center and other countries 
(Switzerland, U.S., Canada, France, Russia) to discuss common 
concerns and the possibility of closer coordination in the 
development of ideas for the 3rd COSP. 
 
13. The cordial conversation built legitimacy for the idea of a 
continued expert dialogue-- parallel and not supplanting the COSP 
process on practical asset recovery tools and recommendations, 
including the idea of developing a network of expert focal points. 
To maintain momentum, State/INL will follow up in January on the 
next steps identified in the summary of the September discussions. 
Switzerland communicated to us their willingness to help facilitate 
the dialogue by hosting a 1 to 2 day meeting prior to the May Asset 
Recovery Working Groups. 
 
------- 
COMMENT 
------- 
 
14. Despite constructive dialogue and the virtual disappearance of 
bloc politics in the negotiations for a new UNCAC review mechanism, 
delegations must resolve several key issues before finalizing terms 
of reference for a new mechanism.  These unresolved issues revolve 
around a very fundamental determination of whether the review 
process will be entirely intergovernmental in nature or whether 
information or participation from civil society is needed to enhance 
the process and make it credible.  We may need to approach several 
G-77 delegations in capitals to engage them further and assure them 
that a mechanism following the lines of the U.S. vision would be a 
constructive one.   We also hope to persuade countries that an 
effective review process will help facilitate the provision of 
technical assistance by providing more detailed information on 
country and regional technical assistance needs, as well as 
identifying general challenges to implementing UNCAC.  In the 
meantime, we will be alert to opportunities for projecting the 
constructive atmosphere of these UNCAC negotiations into other areas 
of our work in Vienna. 
 
15. USDEL has cleared this cable. 
 
PYATT