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Viewing cable 08NEWDELHI984, CHINA SPURS INDIA TO REVITALIZE TIES TO AFRICA

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
08NEWDELHI984 2008-04-03 12:50 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy New Delhi
VZCZCXRO2199
RR RUEHAST RUEHBI RUEHBZ RUEHCI RUEHDU RUEHGI RUEHJO RUEHLH RUEHMA
RUEHMR RUEHPA RUEHPW RUEHRN RUEHTRO
DE RUEHNE #0984/01 0941250
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 031250Z APR 08
FM AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 1220
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHDC
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHDC
RHEBAAA/USDOE WASHDC
RUEHZO/AFRICAN UNION COLLECTIVE
RUCNCLS/ALL SOUTH AND CENTRAL ASIA COLLECTIVE
RUEPGBA/CDR USEUCOM INTEL VAIHINGEN GE
RHMFISS/EUCOM POLAD VAIHINGEN GE
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 NEW DELHI 000984 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT PASS TO SOUTH AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PREL PGOV ECON EAID ECIN ETRD KECF IN
SUBJECT:  CHINA SPURS INDIA TO REVITALIZE TIES TO AFRICA 
 
1. (SBU) SUMMARY:  India will host the India-Africa Summit April 8 
to April 9 in New Delhi, having extended invitations to leaders of 
fourteen AU nations and representatives of eight Africa-centric 
multilateral fora.  The GOI seeks to partner with African nations in 
key areas including technology, infrastructure, pharmaceuticals, and 
human resource development through expanded bilateral relations. 
India's desire to cultivate stronger African relations is likely 
driven by more realpolitik considerations, including competition 
with China for regional influence, access to African natural 
resources, and leveraging influence for the GOI's bid for a 
permanent seat on the UN Security Council.  END SUMMARY. 
 
INVITATION BY DESIGN 
-------------------- 
 
2. (SBU) At the 10th Africa Union summit on February 2, 2008, Indian 
Minister of State for External Affairs (MEA) Anand Sharma invited 
African leaders to attend the first Indo-Africa Summit in New Delhi, 
April 8 to 9.  Invitations were extended to Algeria, Burkina Faso, 
Democratic Republic of Congo (DROC), Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, 
Libya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. 
 Invitations were also extended to representatives of African 
regional groupings including Economic Community of West African 
States (ECOWAS), South Africa Development community (SADC), Common 
Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and the African 
Union (AU).  According to MEA, the summit's key role will be in 
partnering India and African nations in technology, infrastructure 
development, pharmaceuticals, and human resource development. 
 
- In technology, India seeks to capitalize and expand the Indian 
Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) program begun in 1964. 
Through ITEC, India has provided more than USDols 2 billion in 
technical assistance to developing countries around the world. 
 
- In infrastructure development, India desires to capture both the 
information technology infrastructure market and traditional road 
and industry infrastructure markets.  Indian corporations, 
especially India's dominant IT sector, are already poised to take 
advantage of these markets as a by-product of the ITEC program. 
TATA Communications of India is poised to make significant gains in 
the telecommunications sector throughout Africa. 
 
- In pharmaceuticals, India seeks to expand joint development and 
distribution of Indian generic AIDS medications, and other drugs 
(malaria, polio) to African nations.  Indian pharma-firms Cipla and 
Ranbaxy were among the first to sign contracts with Nigeria for 
production of generic AIDS medications, with additional joint 
ventures in South Africa and Kenya being completed. 
 
- In human resource development, the ITEC program has trained 14,000 
African workers in small scale plastics and textile manufacturing, 
and medical services, among other areas.  Increased training 
programs, cultural and student exchanges, and business training, 
will continue to baseline this effort. 
 
All of these efforts are focused on increasing Indo-Africa trade, 
which currently stands at USDols 25 billion according to 2006-2007 
industry figures. 
 
3. (SBU) The choice of invitees appears to be a combination of 
history, economics and realpolitik.  The nations invited each 
possess large mineral or energy resources vital to continued Indian 
economic growth, to include oil and natural gas (Libya, Nigeria, 
DROC, Egypt, Algeria); uranium (S. Africa, Nigeria, Uganda, Zambia, 
DROC, Burkina Faso); copper, cobalt, and cement (DROC, Zambia, 
Ethiopia).  With other nations, such as Senegal, India seeks to 
solidify a strong existing relationship.  India is Senegal's largest 
trading partner, receiving 28 percent of Senegal's exports, to 
include calcium phosphate, a component in agricultural fertilizers, 
a product which has taken on sensitive domestic political overtones 
in India. 
 
CHINESE ADVANCES PROD INDIA TO ACT 
---------------------------------- 
 
4. (SBU) Indo-African relations suffered from benign neglect 
beginning in 1991, with India seeking stronger ties with the US and 
EU and relying on its leadership of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 
and historic ties to maintain relations in Africa.  However, Indian 
foreign policy re-focused on Africa in 2005 after India lost several 
trade contracts to China for resources in West Africa and Angola, 
 
NEW DELHI 00000984  002 OF 003 
 
 
and then witnessed China sign economic packages worth USDols 50 
billion with 43 African nations at the China-Africa Summit in 
November 2006. 
 
THIRD TIME IS A CHARM 
--------------------- 
 
5. (SBU) The India-Africa Summit is the third effort to strengthen 
Indo-African relations after the "Focus Africa Program" of 2002 and 
"Team 9" program of 2004.  According to a professor at Jawaharlal 
Nehru University Center for West Asia and African Studies, India's 
"Focus Africa Program" and "Team 9" strategy achieved limited 
success due to limited scope and commitment.  The Focus Africa 
Program, directed by the GOI Ministry of Commerce, included Nigeria, 
South Africa, Mauritius, Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Ghana and was 
specifically oriented towards increasing Indian exports to African 
nations.  The Team-9 strategy of 2004, coordinated by MEA, included 
Burkina Faso, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea 
Bissau, Mali, and Senegal.  The Team-9 program was underlined with 
USDols 500 million in Indian foreign aid assistance intended to 
increase bilateral trade, development, and regional cooperation, but 
resulted in more aid than assistance. 
 
6. (SBU) By comparison, the Indo-African summit echoes the 
Chinese-African summit and is more broadly organized to include 
education, business and policy communities in a focused effort to 
tie multiple stakeholders together.  India held an initial business 
summit sponsored by the Confederation of Indian Industry March 19 to 
March 21, 2008 bringing together representatives of 33 African 
nations to discuss potential Indo-African trade deals amounting to 
USDols 10 billion.  A scholars' forum co-sponsored by the Indian 
Council of World Affairs (ICWA) and the African Studies Association 
of India is scheduled for April 2 to April 3, 2008 concentrating on 
increased academic, cultural, and student exchanges.  Given the lack 
of success and support for previous programs, Indian academic and 
business communities share a common concern that the enthusiasm for 
the Indo-African summit goals will quickly wane as each side tries 
to translate words into actions. 
 
INVESTED LEADERSHIP 
------------------- 
 
7. (SBU) Perhaps to address concerns over the long term prospects of 
the summit, the GOI has made a clear indication of intent by 
appointing MEA Minister of State Anand Sharma, a political 
appointee, as the director of this current initiative.  Sharma has a 
long history of involvement with Africa, beginning with his 1985 
organization of the Non-Aligned Youth Conference to protest 
apartheid in South Africa.  Since 1985, Sharma has been involved in 
numerous Indo-African events addressing mutual efforts to achieve 
food security, combating HIV/AIDS, sustaining economic development, 
and dealing with multi-racial tnsions.  Sharma was also involved in 
several Indo-African economic endeavors between 2002 and 2006, and 
is familiar with the history, as well as the strategic nature, of 
the Indo-Africa relationship.  At least some African leadership 
appears to be committed to success of the summit as well:  the 
Mozambique High Commissioner to India commented that India and 
Africa should continue working together in economic and development 
cooperation, and on UN reform, including expansion of the UN 
Security Council. 
 
INDIA'S AFRICAN RELATIONS LESS EXPLOITIVE 
----------------------------------------- 
 
8. (SBU) COMMENT:  India's growing economy and realpolitik outlook 
make African resources a key ingredient for future Indian economic 
growth, amidst growing competition from China and the developed 
world.   Retaining positive relations with African nations is an 
acknowledged necessity that India can no longer afford to neglect. 
India must balance its quest to secure resources for continued 
economic growth and compete with a rival China, while simultaneously 
maintaining the goodwill of Non-Aligned Movement nations to support 
India's bid to secure a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. 
However, as one former Ambassador expressed to Poloff, India will 
not follow the "China Model" of engagement in Africa, which he 
described as exchanging no-strings-attached development projects for 
access to the resources of the African continent.  While Post does 
not expect this summit to alter India's current relations with 
Africa, it is a signal that India intends to play a larger role on 
the African continent vis-a-vis the attention of the Chinese. 
 
 
NEW DELHI 00000984  003 OF 003 
 
 
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