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Viewing cable 07RIYADH2515, SAUDIS REHABILITATE GUANTANAMO DETAINEES

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07RIYADH2515 2007-12-17 09:42 2011-08-30 01:44 SECRET Embassy Riyadh
VZCZCXRO3312
OO RUEHBC RUEHDE RUEHDIR RUEHKUK RUEHLH RUEHPW RUEHROV
DE RUEHRH #2515/01 3510942
ZNY SSSSS ZZH
O 170942Z DEC 07
FM AMEMBASSY RIYADH
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 7280
INFO RUEHZM/GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COLLECTIVE IMMEDIATE
RUCNISL/ISLAMIC COLLECTIVE IMMEDIATE
RUEHLO/AMEMBASSY LONDON IMMEDIATE 2852
RUEHJI/AMCONSUL JEDDAH IMMEDIATE 9302
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC IMMEDIATE
RUEKJCS/DOD WASHDC IMMEDIATE
RUEAWJB/DOJ WASHDC IMMEDIATE
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC IMMEDIATE
S E C R E T SECTION 01 OF 05 RIYADH 002515 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT. PLEASE PASS TO NSC FOR CCAMPONOVO, DOD FOR ALIOTTA, 
DOJ FOR TMONHEIM, S/WCI FOR AMORRISON, DRL FOR KMCGEENEY, 
AND NEA/ARP FOR RJACHIM/SRAMESH 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 12/17/2017 
TAGS: CIA KCRM PGOV PINR PREL PTER SA
SUBJECT: SAUDIS REHABILITATE GUANTANAMO DETAINEES 
 
Classified By: Deputy Chief of Mission Michael Gfoeller for reasons 1.4 
 (b) and (d) 
 
1. (S) SUMMARY: The Saudi Ministry of Interior (MOI) 
presented a two-day orientation of its de-radicalization and 
rehabilitation program for extremists to an inter-agency 
delegation (NSC/DOS/DOD/DOJ), Embassy Pol-Mil, LEGAT, BPM and 
Pol staff.  The SAG has invested considerable resources 
personnel, financial, and leadership time in their program, 
and although proud of the results to date, MOI officials were 
quick to point out that they are still learning and 
adjusting.  They noted that as al-Qaeda continues to change 
its approach to try and counter the program,s success, they 
must be flexible enough to adjust the program.  Throughout 
the visit they reaffirmed assurances that they will take all 
necessary and appropriate efforts to ensure these individuals 
do not pose a future security risk and treat them humanely 
while in Saudi custody.  The orientation concluded with a 
late-night meeting with Assistant Minister of Interior for 
Security Affairs Prince Muhammad bin Naif (MBN) to review 
additional detainee-related issues.  END SUMMARY. 
 
------------------------------- 
DE-RADICALIZATION OF TERRORISTS 
------------------------------- 
 
2. (U) The Saudi Ministry of Interior (MOI), in conjunction 
with the Ministries of Culture, Islamic Affairs, Education 
and Social Affairs, is conducting an active campaign to 
counter terrorism, extremist thought and propaganda, and 
terrorist recruitment within the Kingdom.  Their goal is to 
prevent Saudis, especially young men, from becoming 
radicalized.  Concurrently, they have instituted an extensive 
de-radicalization and rehabilitation program, led by MOI, to 
change the attitudes of Saudis who have been involved in 
terrorism (including detainees transferred from U.S. custody 
at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and those detained locally for 
terrorist activities). 
 
3. (S) On December 9-10, MOI officials provided a 
comprehensive orientation of this program, with emphasis on 
what the Saudis are doing to de-radicalize and rehabilitate 
returned Guantanamo detainees, to an inter-agency delegation 
(NSC/DOS/DOD/DOJ).  Embassy Pol-Mil, LEGAT, BPM and Pol staff 
accompanied this team.  The two main issues addressed by MOI 
officials were the SAG,s efforts to ensure these individuals 
no longer posed security risks and assurances that they were 
treated humanely while in the Kingdom,s custody.  The SAG 
went to great lengths during this visit to allay USG concerns 
in both areas. 
 
4. (S) Mabahith Director of Public Affairs General Yusef 
Mansoor led the two-day orientation, which included both 
briefings and first-ever visits to MOI facilities.  The MOI 
began with two detailed briefings on the SAG,s information 
campaign and its detainee de-radicalization and 
rehabilitation programs by program director Dr. Hadlaq, 
director of the rehabilitation program Sheikh Ahmed 
al-Jalaani, and lead psychologist Dr. al-Otayan.  These 
programs focus on a strategy of prevention, rehabilitation, 
and after-release care, with oversight by MOI officials 
during all stages.  The de-radicalization program encompasses 
detainees still being held in prison, while the 
rehabilitation program takes place at what MOI officials 
described as a half-way house.  While these programs were 
designed and conducted by the MOI, large-scale family 
participation was an essential element, intended to 
re-integrate alienated former extremists back into mainstream 
Saudi society. 
 
5. (S) The delegation heard from members of the MOI,s 
rehabilitation Advisory Committee, a committee composed of 
psychologists, religious leaders, Mabahith officers, and 
other MOI officials, which supervises the de-radicalization 
program in MOI prisons.  The committee tracks the progress of 
each detainee in the program and determines whether they are 
ready to move from MOI custody in prison to the 
rehabilitation center and whether, ultimately, they are ready 
to be released back into Saudi society.  The Advisory 
Committee has thus far overseen de-radicalization efforts for 
approximately 3200 detainees, though only approximately 1500 
 
RIYADH 00002515  002 OF 005 
 
 
of those detainees have been released from MOI custody to 
date.  MOI officials emphasized that only those deemed 
suitable would be enrolled in the follow-on rehabilitation 
program, while all others would remain in MOI custody. 
Additionally, no detainee can enter the rehabilitation 
program until he completes any prison sentence he has 
received.  Detainees remain in the de-radicalization program 
for a minimum of six months, though the program has no fixed 
length.  Though pleased with their success to date, MOI 
officials recognize that it,s an ongoing process and needs 
continued vigilance.  Saudi officials report a recidivism 
rate of approximately 8-9% from domestic terrorists, though 
Saudi MOI officials have seen no former Guantanamo detainees 
"return to the fight" to date.  Of note is that all detainees 
will likely remain under the powerful MOI's radar screen. 
MOI is intelligently exploiting tribal and clan ties to 
ensure these individuals, even when released from MOI 
custody, will still be tracked and monitored, for likely the 
rest of their lives, to ensure they do not return to jihad. 
 
6. (S) According to the MOI, all detainees returned from 
Guantanamo go through an initial 6-8 week processing by the 
MOI upon their return and are held in an MOI prison.  During 
this period, they are interrogated regarding their 
activities, and the MOI decides what kind of legal case will 
be made against them.  Their file, which includes a statement 
by the detainee regarding his activities, is reviewed by a 
judge who will then determine if a crime had been committed, 
and if so, what punishment will be imposed.  Most detainees 
are initially charged with immigration violations and/or use 
of false documents to leave the Kingdom.  However, more 
serious charges may also be filed, if the MOI investigation 
uncovers any evidence of actual terrorist activity.  During 
this period, the detainees are initially enrolled in the 
de-radicalization program which. 
 
7. (S) The delegation also visited MOI,s Al Hajan prison, a 
newly built, state-of-the-art detention facility that will be 
used for those detained for terrorist activities.  This 
extremely secure facility will also provide decent living 
conditions for its inmates and allow for the detainees, 
lawyers and the National Society for Human Rights to have 
access to the detainees.  The facility can hold 1,200 
prisoners -- 320 in single cells and the remaining in 
6-person cells, and will replace an older MOI prison in 
Riyadh.  The general prison population in the Al Hajan 
facility will be divided into groups according to assessed 
threat, such that there is a prison wing for takfiri, for 
younger prisoners, for those undergoing rehabilitation, etc. 
All detainees transferred from Guantanamo will initially be 
held in the facility though they will be housed separately 
from the general population.  The Advisory Committee will 
manage the de-radicalization program for suitable prisoners 
and will select those prisoners who will be eligible for the 
rehabilitation program.  The MOI has also built 4 other new 
facilities similar to the Al Hajan prison in other regions of 
the country, in order to more effectively handle the 
extremist prison population and also ensure they are held in 
relative proximity to their family, which increases the 
family,s ability to play a significant role in the 
de-radicalization effort a key element of the MOI program. 
 
8. (U) The SAG is conducting an aggressive information 
campaign within the Kingdom to counter extremist propaganda 
and deter recruitment into Al-Qaeda. This campaign involves 
the use of the internet, religious sermons, education 
programs and literature, along with social outreach by 
psychologists, civic leaders, tribal sheikhs and imams.  The 
positive treatment received by detainees and their successful 
response to the overall rehabilitation process are an 
important part of this campaign. 
 
-------------------------- 
EMPHASIS ON REHABILITATION 
-------------------------- 
 
9. (U) In conjunction with information operations and 
de-radicalization programs being used within the MOI prison, 
MOI has also established a halfway house in eastern Riyadh to 
house its follow-on rehabilitation program.  This program is 
for those prisoners the MOJ clears for release from MOI 
 
RIYADH 00002515  003 OF 005 
 
 
custody and whom the MOI Advisory Committee deems to be 
sufficiently de-radicalized and suitable for rehabilitation, 
but who still need more work in a permissive environment 
before outright release from custody.  While at the halfway 
house, these individuals, mostly former detainees from 
Guantanamo and jihadis returned from Iraq, are being 
rehabilitated and re-educated against Islamic extremism and 
terrorism.  The SAG has invested a tremendous amount of 
effort in devising this non-military program to counter 
extremism, including a staff of 140 and an in-depth 
psychological study in how best to implement it. 
 
10. (U) During the delegation,s visit to this facility, the 
staff stressed that the theme of this program is to treat the 
returnees not as criminals, but as victims of al-Qaeda and 
radical extremism, thereby reversing the detainees, 
loyalties towards these groups and fostering their allegiance 
to the Kingdom.  The halfway house is a secure MOI detention 
center.  However, the facilities themselves, aside from the 
high, barbed-wire walls with outside guards, are more like a 
school.  It is staffed by full-time psychologists and imams 
who conduct formal and informal classes to the returnees in a 
relaxed environment.  The daily schedule includes religious 
classes, psychology classes, socialization programs, sports, 
and therapeutic activities (including art therapy classes and 
anger management training); socializing with other detainees 
and staff is highly encouraged, as is involvement with the 
detainees, families.  The detainees can speak daily by phone 
with their families, have family visits and occasionally can 
visit their homes for a few days.  According to the director 
of the National Society for Human Rights (NSHR), an NGO that 
may speak with detainees according the assurances on 
treatment given to the U.S. by the SAG, the NSHR can visit 
this facility.  The halfway house staff appears to play 
several roles effectively, providing training, therapy, and 
religious education working diligently to orient the 
returnees away from radical extremism; fostering greater 
respect and loyalty to the Kingdom, the King, and the MOI; 
and helping them begin to re-establish normal lives after 
years in detention and supporting terrorism either 
domestically in Saudi Arabia or abroad in Afghanistan or 
Iraq.  After release from the Halfway House, the staff keep 
in contact with the former detainee and his family about once 
a week, including occasional visits to the detainees, homes. 
 This enables them to ensure that all post-release 
reintegration needs are being met, and that the detainee is 
not reverting to a takfiri or terrorist ideology. 
 
11. (S) According to the MOI, six groups of former Guantanamo 
detainees, totaling approximately 84 individuals, have 
participated in the rehabilitation program at the half-way 
house.  The first four groups, totaling approximately 52 
former detainees, have completed the program, while the two 
most recent groups of former detainees, totaling 32 
individuals, are still enrolled.  All former Guantanamo 
detainees who have been released from custody are being 
monitored by the MOI with the help of their families.  Three 
groups of internal detainees, totaling 38 individuals, have 
also participated in the rehabilitation program.  25 have 
completed the program and been released, and 13 are still 
enrolled.  The first three groups of Guantanamo detainees 
returned to Saudi Arabia, who were released from MOI custody 
before the start of this program, were recalled to Riyadh to 
undergo an abbreviated version of this program. 
 
----------------------------------- 
MEETING FORMER GUANTANAMO DETAINEES 
----------------------------------- 
 
12. (S) Part of the visit included meeting with detainees who 
had been part of the rehabilitation program, including former 
Guantanamo detainees.  The team met four on the first day 
(three former Guantanamo detainees, including Abdul Karim 
al-Bukhari and Jumaa al-Dossari, and one who had fought in 
Iraq. Ahmed al-Shay,a) and approximately 15 on the second 
day (of whom 11 were former Guantanamo detainees).  This was 
the first such opportunity for U.S. officials to meet and 
talk with detainees who had been returned to Saudi custody. 
The detainees included both those who had completed the 
program and those who were still in it.  The demeanor of the 
detainees we saw ranged from polite, but quiet and sullen, to 
 
RIYADH 00002515  004 OF 005 
 
 
effusive, warm and friendly.  Many engaged in open 
conversation, espousing a desire to live peacefully.  When 
commenting on their time at Guantanamo, all universally 
stated that they do not focus on the past, but look to the 
future.  In a few instances, where a returned detainee was 
willing to say more, they noted what they disliked about 
their detention was the general isolation, loneliness and 
uncertainty of detention.  Some stated they were duped by 
Al-Qaeda and now resented its un-Islamic activities.  Ahmed 
al-Shay,a was a 23-yr old Saudi who went to Iraq, who was 
subsequently captured after his Al-Qaeda handler had him 
unknowingly drive a suicide truck bomb that was prematurely 
detonated resulting in nearly fatal injuries, including his 
hands suffering disfiguring burns. 
 
13. (S) MOI officials who briefed the delegation noted that 
they hoped to expand the program to include having reformed 
terrorists, such as the would-be suicide bomber mentioned 
above, go to high schools and other places were 15-20 year 
olds meet, to discuss how they had been lured into terrorist 
activities with false promises and how they had wasted part 
of their lives.  The SAG has already made a video of the 
Iraqi bomber that has been shown to television audiences 
throughout Saudi Arabia.  Ultimately, the goal is not only to 
de-radicalize current terrorists, but to prevent 
impressionable youth from becoming terrorists in the first 
place. 
 
--------------------------------------------- 
MOI ON REHABILITATION PROGRAM AND SHAKIR AMIR 
--------------------------------------------- 
 
14. (S) The visit concluded with a frank and positive, 
late-night meeting with Assistant Minister for Security 
Affairs Prince Muhammad bin Nayif (MBN).  MBN described the 
MOI,s rehabilitation program as the right thing to do now as 
it would defuse the recruitment time bomb.  Because the 
program has such wide societal buy in - family, tribes, 
communities, government - MBN believes it is reducing the 
potential terrorist threat, especially in the long-term.  He 
noted that in the view of the Ministry, all of the detainees 
from Guantanamo, including those scheduled for return in the 
final transfer group, had the potential for reform and 
reintegration. MBN lamented that other nations do not have 
similar programs like the Saudis.  When asked whether the SAG 
could help fellow Arab nations develop similar programs, MBN 
responded that these countries, particularly Yemen, have 
little interest in conducting such type of programs. 
However, he agreed that Saudi officials should share 
information about their rehabilitation program with ROYG 
counterparts and other government officials in the region; 
they will consider hosting a conference on the topic early 
next year.  When asked whether the SAG might take Yemeni 
detainees in Guantanamo with close family ties to Saudi 
Arabia, MBN said this would not be possible, primarily for 
domestic political reasons. 
 
15. (S) The U.S. delegation pressed MBN to accept the return 
of Guantanamo detainee and British resident Shakir Amir to 
Saudi Arabia.  MBN indicated the KSA would not take him 
unless Amir submitted a written statement that he was willing 
to return to Saudi Arabia.  His reluctance was based largely 
on concerns raised by MOI lawyers about potential litigation 
in the UK and the negative press associated with such 
litigation.  MBN noted that the MOI is familiar with Amir,s 
attorney and, therefore, wants a written guarantee that Amir 
wishes to be returned Kingdom instead of the UK (where he has 
residency).  MBN also indicated concern over the possible 
effect a public dispute could have on SAG-UK bilateral 
relations.  The delegation emphasized that HMG had already 
conveyed their support for sending him to Saudi Arabia, but 
MBN remained non-committal.  He did, however, agree to look 
for other ways this issue might be resolved.  He was clear 
that the SAG will accept Amir if he wishes to return to Saudi 
Arabia. 
--------------------------------------------- 
SAUDI REHABILITATION - LOOKS LIKE ITS WORKING 
--------------------------------------------- 
 
16. (S) COMMENT.  The Saudis went to great lengths to 
demonstrate the effort they are putting into their 
 
RIYADH 00002515  005.2 OF 005 
 
 
rehabilitation program and its success to date, seeking to 
assuage both our security and human rights concerns.  It was 
clearly evident that the program and its directors have 
support at high levels of the Al Saud, starting with Prince 
Muhammad bin Naif, and that this support will ensure it 
remains a key component of the Kingdom,s 
counter-radicalization efforts.  This rehabilitation program 
augmenting the de-radicalization program, which was begun in 
2003, shows promise in effectively combating terrorism with 
education rather than force.  The Saudis are committing 
significant resources to re-educate former extremists, with a 
fair amount of success thus far.  MOI will still closely 
track those it eventually releases to ensure they do not 
return to jihad.  The Saudis do acknowledge, nonetheless, 
that truly hard-core extremists may require long-term 
detention.  But, according to them, better the Guantanamo 
detainees are in Saudi rather than U.S. hands, because this 
reduces al-Qaeda,s ability to use Guantanamo as a recruiting 
tool.  The program,s ultimate goal is to dry up al-Qaeda 
recruitment and effectively prevent young Saudi men from 
becoming radicalized, while also reducing familial, tribal 
and community support of individuals who do turn to 
extremism.  The biggest apparent benefit, and the Saudi,s 
main intent, is to ensure the SAG continues to address the 
challenge of combating extremist ideology within the Kingdom. 
 Thus far, the program appears to be having its desired 
effect.  END COMMENT. 
 
FRAKER