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Viewing cable 07CHENGDU100, LOCAL RELIGIOUS FIGURES ON ISLAMIC RESURGENCE IN CHINA'S

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07CHENGDU100 2007-04-12 06:00 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Consulate Chengdu
VZCZCXRO2191
RR RUEHGH RUEHVC
DE RUEHCN #0100/01 1020600
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
R 120600Z APR 07
FM AMCONSUL CHENGDU
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 2444
INFO RUEHOO/CHINA POSTS COLLECTIVE
RUEHRH/AMEMBASSY RIYADH 0003
RUEHIL/AMEMBASSY ISLAMABAD 0005
RUEHYN/AMEMBASSY SANAA 0003
RUEHJI/AMCONSUL JEDDAH 0001
RUEHLH/AMCONSUL LAHORE 0001
RHEHAAA/NSC WASHINGTON DC
RUEHCHI/AMCONSUL CHIANG MAI 0041
RUEHCN/AMCONSUL CHENGDU 2963
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 04 CHENGDU 000100 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR EAP/CM AND DRL 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL:  4/12/2027 
TAGS: PGOV SOCI PHUM KIRF CH
SUBJECT: LOCAL RELIGIOUS FIGURES ON ISLAMIC RESURGENCE IN CHINA'S 
YUNNAN PROVINCE 
 
REF: A) CHENGDU 34    B) 06 CHIANG MAI 131 
 
CHENGDU 00000100  001.2 OF 004 
 
 
CLASSIFIED BY: James A. Boughner, Consul General, U.S. Consulate 
General , Chengdu. 
REASON: 1.4 (b), (d) 
 
 
 
1. (C) Summary:  During a series of informal discussions in 
southern Yunnan Province along China's borders with Vietnam and 
Laos, local Muslim leaders described with pride the resurgence 
of Islam in their communities.  A recently-completed mosque and 
religious training school in Najiaying has attracted Muslims 
from throughout the province, and, while mosque authorities are 
not keen to advertise the fact, Arabic teachers from northwest 
China as well as perhaps Pakistan and Thailand.  According to a 
Najiaying senior Koran recitation instructor, an ethnic Uighur 
originally trained in Arabic in Xinjiang by a Saudi teacher, 
Yunnan provincial officials in general take a far more relaxed 
attitude towards religion than government authorities in 
northwest China.  In the small town of Shadian, site of a 1975 
rebellion against the Communist Party, the largest mosque in 
China is soon to be completed.  A local Arabic instructor in 
Shadian, recently returned from ten years of training in Saudi 
Arabia and four in Pakistan, told CG he looks forward to working 
with and guiding a new generation of believers.  End Summary. 
 
2. (C) CG and Congenoff made brief stops at the small towns of 
Najiaying and Shadian, known for their historically predominant 
Muslim populations, while on an April 1-7 road trip in southern 
Yunnan to assess transportation infrastructure developments 
along China's borders with Vietnam and Laos (to be reported in 
septels).  Yunnan Foreign Affairs Office (FAO) officials in the 
provincial capital of Kunming cancelled at the last moment a 
meeting we had requested with Najiaying's official Islamic 
association, but indicated orally they had no objection to an 
"informal" visit to the local mosque.  Government officials did 
not accompany us to any meetings or send along an obvious 
"security escort" to shadow our vehicle. 
 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
Najiaying's New Mosque and School 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
 
3. (SBU) Standing dominant over the center of Najiaying, a small 
town of officially only 8,000 residents approximately 130 
kilometers southeast of Kunming, the four-story, green-domed 
mosque was completed in 2004 and has four minarets each 
appearing to be about 100 feet in height.  The entrance of the 
mosque compound was decorated with quotations from Chinese 
President Hu Jintao calling for "social harmony" and united 
action against "splittism and extremism."  A series of 
photographs taken of students from the mosque's religious school 
participating in a military reserve training program were also 
displayed on a large bulletin board in front of the mosque.  The 
students were flanked in the photographs by People's Liberation 
Army (PLA) noncommissioned officers as well as local religious 
leaders.  Female students in camouflage uniforms and matching 
headscarves appeared in separate photographs. 
 
4. (SBU) Wandering between the mosque and its religious school 
located in a separate neighboring building, we introduced 
ourselves to an elderly man who turned out to be a senior local 
member of the official Islamic Association.  He volunteered to 
escort us to the mosque's prayer hall, describing on the way how 
growing demand to use the facility has already outstripped its 
size and that prayer services held during weekends usually 
attract spill-over crowds of over one thousand worshippers. 
While he himself can not speak it, the man indicated the 
principal purpose of the mosque's religious school is to teach 
Arabic to young local Muslims.  The school currently has several 
hundred students and 22 teachers.  The man noted he had been on 
the Hajj twice and that over 400 people from Najiaying had also 
been able to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina.  He did 
not comment if local Muslims who cannot get an Islamic 
Association-supported Chinese slot for the Hajj travel 
individually through Southeast Asia. 
 
5. (C) At the prayer hall, the man left us alone with a 
college-age student who was memorizing the Koran by listening to 
a recording of it in Arabic.  The student said he supported his 
studies by working at a small iron and steel plant in Najiaying 
with close ties to the mosque.  Although he claimed to have 
 
CHENGDU 00000100  002.2 OF 004 
 
 
already learned many chapters of the Koran, the student's 
conversational Arabic was poor and he preferred to speak mostly 
in Chinese.  In response to a question from CG, the student 
noted he sometimes has the opportunity to practice Arabic with 
foreign teachers -- specifically Pakistanis and Thais -- who 
visit Najiaying.  The student noted that only through Islam can 
young people in the region hope to solve their problems and 
develop meaningful lives.  Conceding that he had never been out 
of China, the student exclaimed that more and more people around 
the world are turning to Islam. 
 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
We Don't Need No "Marxist Opiate" 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
 
6. (C) Hurriedly taking us off the hands of the student, upon 
whose appearance the student said very little, a local man who 
looked to be in his mid-thirties showed up and introduced 
himself as a leader of the mosque school.  He led us away behind 
the new mosque and past the school dormitory.  Young college-age 
men standing together on the dormitory balconies who had been 
eager earlier to exchange greetings with the CG in Arabic, 
disappeared into the building as we passed.  When asked by the 
CG, the school leader asserted that there were "of course" no 
foreign instructors at the school as it would be  impossible to 
get necessary government approvals.  In fact, he continued, 
almost all the school's instructors are from Muslim communities 
in Yunnan.  According to the school leader, Nijiaying has 
approximately 6,000 Muslims in its official registered 
population, but an additional 10,000 Muslims who have come to 
the town as migrant laborers.  He did not indicate, however, 
what exactly could generate that scale of additional employment 
in the town as there were no obvious building or construction 
operations taking place. 
 
7. (C) As we arrived at where the school leader was taking us, 
the old original Najiaying mosque dating back to the 19th 
century and located well away from the front entrance of the new 
mosque compound, he appeared to relax and loosen up a bit.  The 
old mosque is currently used as an Islamic school for girls and 
young women.  The school leader stressed that Islam has 
historically played an important role in Yunnan.  Although few 
local people of his generation can speak or read Arabic, 
Najiaying's youth welcome and need to be taught Islamic precepts 
in Arabic.  As he talked, what appeared to be middle school-aged 
girls wearing head scarves and shoulder-to-foot robes crossed 
the old mosque court yard to attend classes.  One girl was 
dressed in full black chador and veil.  The school leader 
asserted that it was time for Islam and religion in general to 
reemerge in China.  Communists used to deride religion for being 
the "opiate of the masses."  Now, the era of the "Marxist 
opiate" is over, he said.  According to the school leader, the 
building of Najiaying's new mosque was financed strictly from 
local donations.  Although the Chinese government sometimes 
likes to make token contributions to the construction or 
refurbishment off religious buildings for propaganda purposes, 
Najiaying did not accept anything. 
 
8. (C) Citing the official provincial governmental statistic for 
number of Muslims in Yunnan at 550,000, the school leader said 
that making an accurate estimate, whether higher or lower, is 
difficult.  He remarked, however, that Islamic institutions are 
far more dynamic in Yunnan than in Sichuan Province (see ref a). 
 Rather than emphasize growth in numbers, the Najiaying mosque 
school tries to focus on developing the character of Muslims. 
As there is a dearth of educational materials on Islam available 
in China, Muslim schools must rely on foreign sources including 
recordings of the Koran.  The school leader noted he hopes his 
students upon graduation will be able to use their Arabic skills 
in other parts of China, referring specifically to the provinces 
of Zhejiang and Guangdong.  In response to a question from the 
CG, the school leader said local Muslims think well of Americans 
as being a "religious people," but are strongly opposed to the 
"slaughter" by U.S. forces of Muslims in Iraq and Afghanistan. 
When asked, he claimed that his school does not pick up 
Al-Jazeera or other Arabic satellite stations, noting that to do 
so would violate government regulations. 
 
------------------------------------- 
A Local Taste of Kashgar 
------------------------------------- 
 
 
CHENGDU 00000100  003.2 OF 004 
 
 
9. (C) As the school leader escorted us out of the main mosque 
compound, an ethnic Uighur approached CG and introduced himself 
in Arabic as 
a Koran recitation instructor by the name of Muhammad.  Speaking 
in clear classical Arabic that he indicated he learned from 
years of instruction from a Saudi religious teacher in the city 
of Kashgar in Xinjiang in northwest China, Muhammad said he has 
never left China and finds his calling to be teaching the young 
people of Najiaying about Islam.  He stressed the building of 
new mosques or religious schools in Xinjiang would be impossible 
due to tight political controls and repression.  Many of his old 
friends from Kashgar have left China for either the United 
States or Europe.  Yunnan authorities, on the other hand, do not 
appear to be particularly strong-handed in dealing with Islam or 
other religious faiths as long as "peace" is maintained.  When 
asked specifically why authorities in Yunnan are so flexible, 
Muhammad replied that local Muslims play an active and positive 
role in local business development.  Muhammad added that there 
were other instructors at the Najiaying mosque school from 
Xinjiang as well as some from Ningxia in northwest China.  After 
CG noted he had heard the Najiaying mosque is the largest in 
Yunnan, Muhammad said that that honor in fact should go to 
Shadian and suggested we pay it a visit as it was along our 
route to the Vietnam border. 
 
----------------------------------- 
China's Largest Mosque 
----------------------------------- 
 
10. (SBU) Shadian lies just outside Mengzi, the capital of 
Honghe (Red River) Prefecture, about 150 kilometers south of 
Najiaying.  As we approached what turned out to be an unmarked 
turnoff for Shadian along the Kunming Expressway, we went by a 
construction site for a large multi-structure Islamic school 
that appeared to be near completion.  Shadian is a town of 
approximately 30,000 people and was the site of a rebellion 
against Community Party rule in 1975 at the tail end of the 
Cultural Revolution that ended in the deaths of at least 800 
local residents when military units were sent in to restore 
order.  A large memorial stone marking the incident is visible 
on a hill overlooking the town.  Driving through Shadian, we 
went by a number of small mosques and were told by a passerby 
that there were over ten mosques in the town.  Many signs and 
posted announcements along the town's main road were written in 
Arabic. 
 
11. (C) Stopping by an Islamic school, we spoke with one of its 
teachers, a local man in his thirties.  The teacher introduced 
himself in Arabic by the name Muhammad and alternated during the 
discussion between fluent Arabic and pretty good English.  He 
said there are currently 100 boys and 100 girls at the school. 
He described how he had just returned to Shadian from living 
overseas and learned Arabic during ten years of training in 
Saudi Arabia and English while living four years in Lahore, 
Pakistan.  Smirking, he told the CG in Arabic that it could be 
dangerous to be an American in either Saudi Arabia or Pakistan, 
but that Shadian welcomed Americans as most were people of the 
Book ("ehl al Kitab"). 
 
12. (C) Muhammad claimed the new Shadian mosque will be the 
largest in China when completed, and that the over-RMB 100 
million (approximately USD 13 million) investment is being 
entirely financed by local donations.  (Note: a donation board 
in front of the school listed local metallurgy and mining firms 
as principal contributors.  End note).   He stressed the mosque 
will attract many followers and that he will hold a leadership 
role in it.  Muhammad added he looked forward to contining to 
work with Shadian's youth and to teaching them about Islam, 
although he seemed somewhat embarrassed that none of his 
students could understand basic conversational Arabic.  Located 
on the edge of town, the new mosque was still surrounded by 
scaffolding but appeared to be almost complete.  The domed 
mosque's dimensions were indeed impressive.  With its four 
massive minarets, it appeared to be at least several times the 
size of the mosque in Najiaying. 
 
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Comments 
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13. (C) Islam's arrival in Yunnan dates back to the Mongol Yuan 
Dynasty in the 13th and 14th centuries.  Yunnan's Muslim 
 
CHENGDU 00000100  004.2 OF 004 
 
 
communities are concentrated in Kunming, Yuxi, Xishuangbanna, 
Honghe, Zhaotong, and Shimao, but can be found scattered 
throughout the province including in traditionally Tibetan areas 
in the west.  Local government authorities appear for now not to 
be interfering with a resurgence of Islamic religious 
instruction.  The province is also known to have active 
Christian missionary groups -- particularly from South Korea -- 
and proselytization.  Particularly in light of Yunnan's status 
as a sensitive border area, however, link ups between local 
Muslims and Uighurs or the introduction of foreign Islamic 
instructors could very well at some point result in a more 
forceful response from security organs. 
BOUGHNER