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P R 020954Z MAR 07
FM AMEMBASSY PODGORICA
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INFO RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHINGTON DC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE
RUEHDG/AMEMBASSY SANTO DOMINGO
RUEHPOD/AMEMBASSY PODGORICA
RHMFIUU/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHINGTON DC
RUEHC/USAID WASHDC
RUEFHLC/DEPT OF HOMELAND SECURITY WASHINGTON DC
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UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 08 PODGORICA 000050 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, AND EUR/PGI. 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PHUM KCRM KWMN SMIG KFRD ASEC PREF ELAB MW
SUBJECT: MONTENEGRO: TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT 
 
REF: STATE 202745 
 
PODGORICA 00000050  001.3 OF 008 
 
 
SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED - PLEASE HANDLE ACCORDINGLY 
 
 
 
1.(U)  POSTS SUBMISSION IN REPLY TO REF FOLLOWS.  PLEASE NOTE 
THAT MONTENEGRO BECAME INDEPENDENT ON JUNE 3, 2006, DISSOLVING 
THE FORMER STATE UNION OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO. IN PAST YEARS, 
MONTENEGRO'S EXPERIENCE WITH TIP WAS REPORTED SEPARATELY FROM 
THAT OF SERBIA, BUT THE STATE UNION WAS RANKED AS A WHOLE ON THE 
AGGREGATE LEVEL OF ITS EFFORTS TO COMBAT TIP. 
 
 
 
¶2. (SBU) OVERVIEW OF A COUNTRY'S ACTIVITIES TO ELIMINATE 
TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: 
 
 
 
-- A. THE FLOWS IN TRAFFICKED PERSONS AFFECTING MONTENEGRO HAVE 
NOT SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGED IN THE PAST YEAR. WITH MONTENEGRO'S 
INDEPENDENCE ON JUNE 3, HOWEVER, NEW CASES OF TRAFFICKING FROM 
SERBIA (INCLUDING FROM KOSOVO) ARE NOW CHARACTERIZED AS 
INTERNATIONAL VICE DOMESTIC. THE MOST SERIOUS FORMS OF 
TRAFFICKING WERE WOMEN AND CHILDREN TRAFFICKED INTERNATIONALLY, 
DESTINED FOR MONTENEGRO, AND WOMEN AND CHILDREN TRAFFICKED 
WITHIN MONTENEGRO'S BORDERS, IN BOTH CASES ALMOST ALWAYS FOR 
PURPOSES OF PROSTITUTION. THE LOCAL NGO MONTENEGRIN WOMENS 
LOBBY (MWL) ESTIMATES THAT APPROXIMATELY 60 TO 80 PROSTITUTES IN 
MONTENEGRO ARE VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING; OF THAT NUMBER, 
ONE-QUARTER ARE MINORS (AND BY DEFINITION INVOLUNTARILY INVOLVED 
IN TRAFFICKING), AND THREE-FOURTHS ARE ADULTS FORCED INTO 
PROSTITUTION. THERE ARE ALSO TIP CASES INVOLVING LABOR, AND 
ILLEGAL ADOPTION OF INFANTS AND SMALL CHILDREN). 
 
 
 
-- B. IN 2006, THE IOM AND MWL SHELTERS HOUSED A TOTAL OF 9 TIP 
VICTIMS. THE MWL SHELTERED SIX TIP VICTIMS: TWO FROM UKRAINE, 
TWO FROM DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, AND TWO FROM MONTENEGRO.  ALL WERE 
FEMALE, AND ALL WERE ADULTS EXCEPT ONE VICTIM FROM MONTENEGRO 
(WHO WAS 17 WHEN ADMITTED). THE IOM SHELTER ADDITIONALLY HOUSED 
TWO ADULT FEMALES FROM SERBIA, AND ONE ADULT FEMALE FROM 
LITHUANIA (THE LATTER FIRST ENTERED SHELTER IN MONTENEGRO IN 
2005). MWL TOLD POST THAT THEY WERE AWARE OF ADDITIONAL PRESUMED 
TIP VICTIMS, WITH THE LARGEST NUMBER FROM SERBIA (NOTE: BEFORE 
JUNE 3, THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN COUNTED AS DOMESTIC TRAFFICKING), 
WITH FURTHER VICTIMS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (ENTITY OF 
REPUBLIKA SRPSKA), RUSSIA, AND UKRAINE, ALL LARGELY ASSOCIATED 
WITH BARS AND NIGHTCLUBS ON MONTENEGRO'S COAST, DURING THE 
SUMMER TOURIST SEASON. (THIS IS NOT CHILD SEX TOURISM.) THE 
MONTENEGRIN WOMENS LOBBY STATES THAT MOST CURRENT TIP VICTIMS 
COME FROM OUTSIDE MONTENEGRO.  AS IN 2005, MOST TRAFFICKING THAT 
AFFECTS MONTENEGRO HAS MONTENEGRO AS THE DESTINATION, WITH FEW 
VICTIMS TRAVELING TO OTHER DESTINATIONS. THE NUMBER OF VICTIMS 
REFERRED TO SHELTERS DECLINED (28 SHELTERED IN 2005, 10 IN 
2004); THE MWL FAULTED WHAT THEY TERMED A GOVERNMENT ATTITUDE 
THAT REDUCING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS REFERRED TO THE SHELTER WAS 
INDICATIVE OF A SMALLER TIP PROBLEM. THE GOM HAS INCREASED 
BUDGETARY RESOURCES COMMITTED TO ANTI-TIP ACTIVITIES IN 2006 AND 
2007, AT A RATE IN EXCESS OF INFLATION AND IN EXCESS OF OVERALL 
GROWTH IN THE GOVERNMENT BUDGET. AGAIN IN 2006, AS IN 2005, NO 
NEW CASES OF TRAFFICKING FOR LABOR EXPLOITATION WERE DETECTED. 
 
 
VICTIMS THAT ARE TRAFFICKED INTO PROSTITUTION ARE PHYSICALLY AND 
PSYCHOLOGICALLY COERCED, AND HELD AGAINST THEIR WILL IN 
SUBSTANDARD CONDITIONS, ISOLATED FROM OUTSIDE CONTACT. "TRUSTED" 
VICTIMS MAY BE ALLOWED MORE LEEWAY. TRAFFICKERS ARE OFTEN OWNERS 
OF "BARS" AND "NIGHTCLUBS", WITH TIES TO LOCAL ORGANIZED CRIME. 
CORRUPT POLICE OFFICERS REPORTEDLY PROVIDE SECURITY FOR SOME 
CLUB OWNERS. 
 
VICTIMS REPORT HAVING PASSPORTS AND IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENTS 
TAKEN FROM THEM BY TRAFFICKERS, EITHER WHILE IN TRANSIT TO 
MONTENEGRO, OR AFTER THEIR ARRIVAL.  THE UKRANIAN VICTIMS 
SHELTERED BY MWL SAID WERE OFFERED EUROS 500 EACH BY AN 
(UNSPECIFIED) MONTENEGRIN AGENCY TO WORK AS NIGHTCLUB DANCERS, 
AND AFTER A MONTH WERE COERCED BY WITHHELD PAY AND FOOD TO WORK 
AS PROSTITUTES. THE DOMINICAN VICTIMS SHELTERED BY MWL SAID THEY 
PLANNED TO TRAVEL TO SPAIN, WHERE ONE OF THEM HAD A SISTER, TO 
WORK AS HAIRDRESSERS.  THEY WERE THEN TRANSPORTED TO MACEDONIA, 
WERE GIVEN FALSE PASSPORTS AFTER HAVING THEIR GENUINE DOCUMENTS 
TAKEN FROM THEM, AND ENTERED MONTENEGRO AFTER TRANSITING KOSOVO. 
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PODGORICA 00000050  002.3 OF 008 
 
 
REPORTEDLY, KOSOVARS "IN UNIFORM" FACILITATED THEIR TRANSIT OF 
KOSOVO. 
 
 
 
-- C.  THE GOM HAS CONTINUED TO INCREASE FUNDING AND ATTENTION 
TO THE PROBLEM OF TIP IN RECENT YEARS. ALL RELEVANT MINISTRIES, 
INCLUDING: INTERIOR (POLICE); HEALTH, LABOR AND SOCIAL WELFARE; 
EDUCATION; AND JUSTICE HAVE TEAMS LED BY DEPUTY MINISTERS TO 
ADDRESS ISSUES RAISED BY TIP, INCLUDING ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS. 
HOWEVER, CORRUPT POLICE OFFICIALS ALLOW SOME TRAFFICKERS TO 
ESCAPE OFFICIAL ATTENTION. ON MARCH 1, 2007, AS PART OF AN 
OVERALL PLAN TO REORGANIZE AND REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE POLICE, 
THE POLICE SPECIAL ANTI-TRAFFICKING TEAM WAS ELIMINATED, AND ITS 
SEVEN OFFICERS ASSIGNED TO OTHER DUTIES.  THE POLICE HAVE 
ANNOUNCED THAT THEY WILL NAME A SENIOR CRIMINAL POLICE OFFICER 
TO ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR COORDINATING ANTI-TIP ACTIVITIES. 
 
 
 
-- D. THE OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL COORDINATOR FOR COMBATING 
TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS REQUIRES MONTHLY REPORTS FROM ALL 
RELEVANT STATE AGENCIES, INCLUDING THE POLICE AND PROSECUTOR'S 
OFFICE, AND NGOS REGARDING POTENTIAL TIP VICTIMS.  REGULAR 
BIMONTHLY MEETINGS PROVIDE A REMINDER FOR OTHER AGENCIES TO 
PROVIDE INFORMATION ON OTHER ACTIVITIES, SUCH AS EDUCATIONAL 
CAMPAIGNS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.  THE OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL 
COORDINATOR AND THE SPECIAL POLICE TEAM FOR TIP BOTH PROVIDED 
REGULAR WRITTEN REPORTS DIRECTLY TO INTERESTED INTERNATIONAL 
ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDING EMBASSIES (MONTHLY REPORTS AND ANNUAL 
SUMMARIES).  THE GOM ALSO MAINTAINS A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE 
WEBSITE AT WWW.ANTITRAFFICKING.VLADA.CG.YU.  THE GOM 
PARTICIPATES ACTIVELY IN REGIONAL ANTI-TRAFFICKING INITIATIVES, 
PROVIDING UPDATES ON ITS ACTIVITIES. A "SOS HOTLINE" FOR VICTIMS 
OF TRAFFICKING, AND OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, IS STAFFED BY THE NGO 
MONTENEGRIN WOMENS' LOBBY. 
 
 
 
¶3. PREVENTION: 
 
 
 
-- A. THE GOM PUBLICLY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT TIP IS A PROBLEM IN 
MONTENEGRO.  IT SUPPORTS ANTI-TIP EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN THE 
PUBLIC SCHOOLS, FUNDS ANTI-TIP EFFORTS AS NOTED, AND MAINTAINS 
AN INFORMATIVE WEBSITE. THE POLICE AND JUDICIAL TRAINING 
FACILITIES INCORPORATE ANTI-TIP INTO THE CURRICULUM AT ALL 
LEVELS, AND INCLUDE REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE INTERNATIONAL 
CENTER FOR MIGRATION POLICY DEVELOPMENT (ICMPD) IN ITS CLASSROOM 
PRESENTATIONS. 
 
 
 
-- B. THE OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL COORDINATOR FOR COMBATING 
TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS LEADS THE GOM ANTI-TIP FIGHT. THE 
OFFICE IS AN INDEPENDENT AGENCY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE 
PRIME MINISTER, AND THE DIRECTOR CAN AND DOES INVOKE THE PM'S 
AUTHORITY TO INDUCE COOPERATION. THE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR 
(POLICE), GOVERNMENT OFFICE FOR GENDER EQUALITY, MINISTRY OF 
HEALTH, LABOR AND SOCIAL WELFARE, MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, MINISTRY 
OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE, OFFICE OF THE STATE PROSECUTOR ARE ALL 
DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THE ANTI-TIP EFFORT. 
 
 
 
-- C. THE GOM HAS CONTINUED TO CONDUCT EDUCATION CAMPAIGNS IN 
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS, INTRODUCING THE PHENOMENON OF TRAFFICKING 
AND HOW TO RECOGNIZE POTENTIAL RISK. THE COURSE IS BASED ON 
WORKSHOPS THAT SAVE THE CHILDREN (UK) ORGANIZED IN 2005. 
 
 
 
-- D. THE GOVERNMENT OFFICE FOR GENDER EQUALITY PROMOTES WOMEN'S 
RIGHTS.  THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, LABOR AND SOCIAL WELFARE 
PROMOTES SAFE AND LEGAL WORKING ENVIRONMENTS AND CONDITIONS OF 
WORK. 
 
 
 
-- E. THE GOVERNMENT AND NGOS WORK CLOSELY TOGETHER IN FIGHTING 
TRAFFICKING.  IN MARCH 2005, STATE BODIES AND NGOS SIGNED A 
MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION, TO REINFORCE COOPERATION IN THE AREAS 
OF PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING. 
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PODGORICA 00000050  003.3 OF 008 
 
 
SIGNATORIES WERE THE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR (POLICE), MINISTRY OF 
LABOR AND SOCIAL WELFARE, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, AND MONTENEGRIN 
WOMENS LOBBY (NGO) AND WOMENS SAFE HOUSE (NGO). THE MOU 
REMAINS IN FORCE. 
 
 
 
-- F. THE BORDER POLICE SCREENS FOR POTENTIAL TRAFFICKING 
VICTIMS.  IT INFORMALLY MONITORS IMMIGRATION PATTERNS FOR 
EVIDENCE OF TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING OF HUMANS. NOTE: THE 2005 
INTERCEPTION OF THE BANGLADESHIS ENTERING MONTENEGRO WAS BASED 
IN PART ON MONITORING OF IMMIGRATION PATTERNS; THE TRAFFICKERS 
IN THIS CASE WERE CONVICTED IN 2006 (SEE PARA 4.F.). 
 
 
 
-- G. THE OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL COORDINATOR FOR COMBATING 
TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS LEADS THE GOM ANTI- TIP FIGHT.  THE 
MINISTRY OF INTERIOR (POLICE), GOVERNMENT OFFICE FOR GENDER 
EQUALITY, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MINISTRY OF LABOR AND SOCIAL 
WELFARE, MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE, 
OFFICE OF THE STATE PROSECUTOR ARE ALL DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THE 
ANTI-TIP EFFORT.  THE NATIONAL COORDINATOR'S OFFICE COORDINATES 
INTERACTION WITH INTERNATIONAL AND MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS, 
PARTICULARLY IN RESPECT OF POLICY.  THE POLICE AND PROSECUTOR'S 
OFFICE MAINTAIN DIRECT AND INDIRECT (THROUGH IOM) COMMUNICATION 
WITH FOREIGN STATES AS NEEDED TO RESOLVE THE STATUS OF VICTIMS 
AND PROSECUTE TRAFFICKERS.  THE GOVERNMENT HAS BOTH THE WORKING 
GROUP AS NOTED AND, IN THE PERSON OF THE NATIONAL COORDINATOR, A 
SINGLE POINT OF CONTACT FOR TRAFFICKING.  THE GOM ESTABLISHED 
ITS OFFICE FOR ANTI-CORRUPTION INITIATIVE IN 2003.  IN JULY 
2006, THE GOM ESTABLISHED A COMMISSION TO DRAFT AN ACTION PLAN 
FOR THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZED CRIME; BESIDES 
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, THE COMMISSION MEMBERSHIP INCLUDES 
WATCHDOG NGOS, JUDGES, AND OPPOSITION MPS. 
 
 
 
-- H. THE GOM ADOPTED A NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR (THE) FIGHT 
AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS IN DECEMBER 2003, CONSULTING 
THE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR (POLICE), GOVERNMENT OFFICE FOR GENDER 
EQUALITY, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MINISTRY OF LABOR AND SOCIAL 
WELFARE, MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE, 
OFFICE OF THE STATE PROSECUTOR, OSCE, IOM, COUNCIL OF EUROPE, 
AND USG.  NGOS, INCLUDING MONTENEGRIN WOMEN'S LOBBY, WOMEN'S 
SAFE HOUSE, AND THE SOS HOTLINE WERE CONSULTED. IN 2005, THE 
NATIONAL STRATEGY WAS REVISED AND UPDATED, IN COORDINATION WITH 
THE ICMPD. ALSO IN 2006, GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES AND AGENCIES 
NOTED ABOVE UPDATED PREVIOUSLY ADOPTED SPECIALIZED ACTION PLANS 
PURSUANT TO THE NATIONAL PLAN. THE NATIONAL COORDINATOR 
HARMONIZES THE VARIOUS ACTION PLANS. THE NATIONAL STRATEGY IS 
AVAILABLE ON THE GOVERNMENT'S WEBSITE. 
 
 
 
4.(SBU) INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKERS: 
 
 
 
-- A. MONTENEGRIN LAW PROHIBITS TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS FOR BOTH 
SEXUAL AND NON-SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, AND COVERS BOTH INTERNAL AND 
EXTERNAL FORMS OF TRAFFICKING. THE LAW IS USED OFTEN IN 
COMBINATION WITH OTHER LAWS (E.G., FACILITATION OF PROSTITUTION 
OR ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION) TO INCREASE THE POSSIBILITY OF 
CONVICTIONS. THE LAWS, TAKEN TOGETHER, COVER THE FULL SCOPE OF 
TRAFFICKING. 
 
 
(SEE MONTENEGRO'S LAW ON TIP IN PARAGRAPH 6.) 
 
 
 
-- B. THE PENALTIES ARE THE SAME FOR SEXUAL AND NON-SEXUAL 
EXPLOITATION.  UNDER THE CURRENT CRIMINAL CODE, THE PENALTY FOR 
TRAFFICKING IS 1 TO 8 YEARS IN PRISON.  UNDER APRIL 2004 NEW 
CRIMINAL CODE, THE PENALTIES ARE:  FOR A SIMPLE OFFENSE, 1-10 
YEARS; IF A MINOR IS INVOLVED, 3-15 YEARS; IF SERIOUS INJURY 
OCCURS, 1-12 YEARS; IF DEATH OCCURS, 10-30 YEARS. 
 
 
 
-- C. THE PENALTIES FOR TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS FOR THE PURPOSE 
OF LABOR EXPLOITATION ARE EQUAL TO THOSE FOR TIP FOR PURPOSES OF 
PROSTITUTION (OR ANY OTHER PURPOSE), I.E., FOR A SIMPLE OFFENSE, 
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PODGORICA 00000050  004.3 OF 008 
 
 
1-10 YEARS; IF A MINOR IS INVOLVED, 3-15 YEARS; IF SERIOUS 
INJURY OCCURS, 1-12 YEARS; IF DEATH OCCURS, 10-30 YEARS. 
WITHHOLDING OF IDENTIFICATION PAPERS OR SALARY PAYMENT IS 
SPECIFICALLY CITED AS A VIOLATION IN THE PENAL CODE ARTICLE 
CRIMINALIZING TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS. 
 
 
 
IN THE ONE CASE OF LABOR TRAFFICKING PROSECUTED TO DATE (IN 
2005), CONVICTIONS WERE SECURED OF ALL ACCUSED PERSONS, AND JAIL 
SENTENCES IMPOSED WERE EQUIVALENT TO THOSE IMPOSED IN OTHER TIP 
CASES , AVERAGING THREE YEARS PER PERSON. 
 
 
 
-- D. THE PENALTY FOR RAPE IS EQUAL TO THAT FOR TRAFFICKING IN 
PERSONS. 
 
 
 
-- E. PROSTITUTION IS CRIMINALIZED, INCLUDING THE ACTIVITIES OF 
PROSTITUTES, BROTHEL OWNERS/OPERATORS, CLIENTS, PIMPS, AND 
ENFORCERS (ARTICLES 209 AND 210). THE LAWS ARE GENERALLY 
ENFORCED. 
 
 
 
-- F. ON APRIL 20, THE COURT SENTENCED THREE MONTENEGRIN 
CITIZENS AFTER FINDING THEM GUILTY OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING, FOR 
TRANSPORTING FOUR BANGLADESHI NATIONALS AND 15 UNKNOWN FOREIGN 
NATIONALS IN 2005 FROM KOSOVO THROUGH MONTENEGRO TO BOSNIA AND 
HERZEGOVINA. THE VICTIMS WERE DESTINED FOR WESTERN EUROPE. RAJKO 
¶S. DJUKOVIC WAS SENTENCED TO TO THREE YEARS IN PRISON, BRANISLAV 
¶M. BRASNJO TO TWO YEARS AND EIGHT MONTHS AND ELVIR S. KALAC TO 
TWO YEARS AND SIX MONTHS. ON DECEMBER 25 (NOTE: MONTENEGRO IS 
PREDOMINANTLY ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN), THE COURT SENTENCED FOUR 
MONTENEGRIN CITIZENS AND ONE FROM KOSOVO, OF ROMA ETHNICITY, TO 
THREE YEARS IN PRISON EACH AFTER FINDING THEM GUILTY OF HUMAN 
TRAFFICKING,FOR ATTEMPTING TO TRADE THEIR INFANT RELATIVE FOR A 
USED AUTOMOBILE.  CONVICTED WERE ADNAN SALIHI, CAZIM ADZOVIC, 
NAILJA SALIHI, LJUBICA ADZOVIC, AND VJERA ADZOVIC. THE 
INVESTIGATION BEGAN IN 2006. 
 
 
THE GOM, WITH COOPERATION FROM THE VICTIMS, OPENED 
INVESTIGATIONS IN SIX NEW CASES IN 2006.  PROSECUTION FORMALLY 
COMMENCED IN TWO CASES IN 2006, ONE INVOLVING THE ROMA AS NOTED, 
AND A SECOND CASE AGAINST A MONTENEGRIN CITIZEN FOR ALLEGEDLY 
TRAFFICKING A MONTENEGRIN FEMALE. 
 
THE GOM, IN 2005, SUCCESSFULLY PROSECUTED LABOR RECRUITERS WHO 
HAD CONFISCATED WORKERS' PASSPORTS AND WITHHELD PAYMENT OF 
SALARIES. 
 
ALL THOSE CONVICTED ARE SERVING THEIR JAIL SENTENCES. 
 
 
 
-- G. MOST TRAFFICKING IS CONDUCTED BY SMALL CRIME GROUPS, 
USUALLY WITH LINKS TO LOCAL ORGANIZED CRIME (ITSELF COMPOSED OF 
SMALL GROUPS), WHO RUN BROTHELS AS PART OF OR DISGUISED AS 
"NIGHT CLUBS" AND "BARS." TRAFFICKING THAT TRANSITS MONTENEGRO 
CONTINUES TO DECLINE; GENERALLY, SUCH TRANSITS ARE CONDUCTED BY 
LARGER ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS WITH STRONGER INTERNATIONAL TIES, 
AND CONNECTIONS TO "FALSE-FRONT" EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES IN ORIGIN 
COUNTRIES THAT ADVERTISE JOBS IN CONSTRUCTION OR THE HOSPITALITY 
INDUSTRY. IOM REPORTS THAT "NIGHT CLUBS" EMPLOY CORRUPT POLICE 
TO PROVIDE SECURITY. THERE HAVE BEEN REPORTS THAT SOME BORDER 
OFFICIALS (POLICE AND CUSTOMS) COOPERATE WITH TRAFFICKERS TO 
FACILITATE CROSSING OF BORDERS BY TRAFFICKERS AND THEIR VICTIMS, 
BUT SUCH REPORTS ARE DECLINING (EVEN AS ARRESTS OF BORDER 
OFFICIALS FOR FACILITAING OTHER TYPES OF CROSS-BORDER CRIME 
(DRUGS, SMUGGLING) CONTINUE AND EVEN INCREASE).  THERE IS NO 
RELIABLE INFORMATION ON WHERE PROFITS FROM TRAFFICKING ARE 
CHANNELED. 
 
 
 
-- H. THE GOVERNMENT ACTIVELY INVESTIGATES CASES OF TRAFFICKING, 
AS WELL AS OF MIGRANT SMUGGLING AND PROSTITUTION. THE CRIMINAL 
PROCEDURE CODE ALLOWS THE USE OF SUCH TECHNIQUES AS ELECTRONIC 
SURVEILLANCE, UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS AND MITIGATED PUNISHMENT. 
THE GOVERNMENT USES SUCH TECHNIQUES WHEN APPROPRIATE. 
 
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PODGORICA 00000050  005.3 OF 008 
 
 
 
 
-- I. THE GOVERNMENT PROVIDES EXTENSIVE TRAINING TO POLICE, 
PROSECUTORS, JUDGES, AND OTHER OFFICIALS IN HOW TO RECOGNIZE, 
INVESTIGATE, AND PROSECUTE TRAFFICKING. IN COOPERATION WITH THE 
ITALIAN GOVERNMENT, THE GOM DRAFTED A MANUAL FOR THE TRAINING OF 
JUDGES AND PROSECUTORS. THE POLICE PROVIDED TRAINING TO RANKS AT 
ALL LEVELS, FROM ENTERING RECRUITS TO CHIEFS OF STATIONS, 
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, LABOR AND SOCIAL 
WELFARE IS REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH, TRAIN, AND SUPPORT A SOCIAL 
TEAM TO PROVIDE RAPID RESPONSE AND ASSISTANCE TO POSSIBLE 
VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING, AND IS REQUIRED TO SUPPORT AND TRAIN A 
SIMILAR MEDICAL EMERGENCY TEAM. THE POLICE SPECIAL TEAM IS FULLY 
TRAINED, AND BOTH RECEIVES REFRESHER TRAINING AND HELPS TRAIN 
OTHER POLICE OFFICIALS AND OFFICIALS FROM OTHER MINISTRIES. 
 
 
 
--J. THE GOVERNMENT COOPERATES WITH OTHER GOVERNMENTS IN 
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKING CASES.  THERE IS 
ALSO COOPERATION WITH NEIGHBORING AREAS, INCLUDING SERBIA, 
ALBANIA, KOSOVO, AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. 
 
 
 
-- K. THE GOVERNMENT HAS NOT BEEN REQUESTED TO EXTRADITE PERSONS 
CHARGED WITH TRAFFICKING IN OTHER COUNTRIES, TO DATE.  THE GOM 
HAS EXTRADITED PERSONS CHARGED WITH SIMILAR OFFENSES (I.E., DRUG 
TRAFFICKING). THE GOM IS PROHIBITED BY THE CONSTITUTION FROM 
EXTRADITING ITS OWN NATIONALS (EXCEPT TO THE UN WAR CRIMES 
TRIBUNAL IN THE HAGUE), AND HAS NO PLAN TO MODIFY THAT 
PROHIBITION. 
 
 
 
-- L. THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN OR 
TOLERANCE OF TRAFFICKING, AT EITHER INSTITUTIONAL OR NATIONAL 
LEVELS. AS NOTED, A FEW CORRUPT POLICE OFFICERS IN SOME 
LOCALITIES ARE DE FACTO INVOLVED BY PROVIDING SECURITY TO 
BROTHELS. 
 
 
 
-- M. THE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR HAS STEPPED UP EFFORTS TO 
INVESTIGATE, DISMISS AND PROSECUTE POLICE OFFICERS WHO ABUSE 
THEIR POSITIONS. SUCH ABUSE IS A FELONY UNDER THE PRESENT 
CRIMINAL CODE.  THERE HAVE BEEN NO CONVICTIONS OF GOVERNMENT 
OFFICIALS FOR INVOLVEMENT IN TRAFFICKING, AND NO PROSECUTIONS 
SINCE THE INFAMOUS AND MISHANDLED "S.C." CASE IN 2002 (05 
BELGRADE 454). 
 
 
 
-- N. CHILD SEX TOURISM IS NOT A PROBLEM IN MONTENEGRO (A 
SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF MONTENEGRO'S GDP IS DERIVED FROM 
TOURISM). THE CRIMINAL CODE SPECIFIES THAT CITIZENS OR 
FOREIGNERS WHO VIOLATE THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF MONTENEGRO 
WHILE OUTSIDE OF MONTENEGRO CAN SUBSEQUENTLY BE TRIED IN 
MONTENEGRO, IF THEY ARE APPREHENDED IN, OR EXTRADITED TO, 
MONTENEGRO. ARTICLE 206 PROHIBITS SEXUAL INTERCOURSE WITH 
CHILDREN UNDER AGE 14 YEARS. 
 
 
 
-- O. THE FORMER GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE UNION OF SERBIA AND 
MONTENEGRO RATIFIED ALL FIVE SPECIFIED CONVENTIONS: 
 
 
 
--ILO CONVENTION 182 CONCERNING THE PROHIBITION AND IMMEDIATE 
ACTION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR. 
 
--ILO CONVENTION 29 AND 105 ON FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR. --THE 
OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD 
(CRC) ON THE SALE OF CHILDREN, CHILD PROSTITUTION, AND CHILD 
PORNOGRAPHY. 
 
--THE PROTOCOL TO PREVENT, SUPPRESS AND PUNISH TRAFFICKING IN 
PERSONS, ESPECIALLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN, SUPPLEMENTING THE UN 
CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME. 
 
 
 
THE GOM HAS STATED THAT IT WILL CONTINUE TO ADHERE TO THE 
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PODGORICA 00000050  006.3 OF 008 
 
 
CONVENTIONS, BOTH AS TO LAW AND PRACTICE. 
 
 
 
5.(SBU) PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS: 
 
 
 
-- A. IN DECEMBER 2005, THE GOM ADOPTED AND ISSUED A NEW 
"INSTRUCTION ON TERMS AND WAYS OF REGULATING RESIDENCE FOR 
FOREIGN CITIZENS - VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING." TEMPORARY 
RESIDENCE FOR FOREIGN VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING, AS NECESSARY FOR 
THEIR RECOVERY, MAY BE GRANTED FROM UP TO A YEAR AT A TIME.  THE 
NEW INSTRUCTION WAS DRAFTED IN COOPERATION WITH IOM. ALL VICTIMS 
ARE AFFORDED SHELTER AND ACCESS TO MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL 
SERVICES.  HOWEVER, MWL REPORTS THAT THE PROVISION OF 
PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES TO VICTIMS WAS OFTEN INADEQUATE IN 2006. 
TWO SHELTERS FOR TRAFFICKING VICTIMS EXISTS IN MONTENEGRO, THE 
FIRST IS RUN BY THE NGO MONTENEGRIN WOMEN'S LOBBY AND IS FULLY 
FUNDED BY THE GOM.  THE SECOND IS RUN BY IOM. THE MWL SHELTER 
HOSTED 6 PERSONS DURING 2006, ALL FEMALE, RANGING IN AGE FROM 17 
TO 37 YEARS OLD, AVERAGING 26 YEARS OLD.  AS OF FEBRUARY 28, 
2007, TWO VICTIMS WERE IN THE SHELTER. THE IOM SHELTER HOSTED 
THREE PERSONS IN 2006, ALL FEMALE. 
 
 
 
-- B. THE GOM FULLY FUNDS, AND PROVIDES SECURITY FOR, THE 
SHELTER RUN BY THE MONTENEGRIN WOMEN'S LOBBY. THE GOM ALSO 
COVERS THE COST OF HOSPITALIZATION AND MEDICAL CARE, INCLUDING 
PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES, FOR ALL VICTIMS. 
 
 
 
-- C.  THE MARCH 2005 MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION BETWEEN RELEVANT 
STATE BODIES AND NGOS SPECIFIES PROCEDURES TO ENSURE COOPERATION 
IN THE AREAS OF PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS OF 
TRAFFICKING.  THE PROCEDURES INCLUDE REFERRAL AS APPROPRIATE TO 
TRANSFER VICTIMS TO THE NGO-RUN SHELTERS.  OF THE 9 PERSONS 
SHELTERED BY THE MONTENEGRIN WOMEN'S LOBBY AND IOM IN 2006, ALL 
WERE REFERRED BY POLICE UNDER THE MEMORANDUM.  CURRENT 
SIGNATORIES ARE THE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR (POLICE), MINISTRY OF 
HEALTH, LABOR AND SOCIAL WELFARE, AND MONTENEGRIN WOMEN'S LOBBY 
(NGO) AND WOMEN'S SAFE HOUSE (NGO).  THE MONTENEGRIN WOMEN'S 
LOBBY DESCRIBED COOPERATION WITH THE POLICE AND HEALTH SERVICES 
AS GOOD, BUT SAID POLICE DID NOT COMPLY WITH PROVISIONS THAT 
POSTPONE INTERVIEWS WITH THE VICTIMS FOR UP TO 90 DAYS, AND THAT 
VICTIMS WERE DISCHARGED FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT PREMATURELY. 
 
 
 
-- D. IN GENERAL, THE RIGHTS OF VICTIMS ARE RESPECTED, AND THAT 
IS A STATED GOAL OF MARCH 2005 MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION. AS 
NOTED, MWL SAID THAT POLICE OFTEN CONDUCTED LENGTHY 
INTEROGATIONS OF VICTIMS UPON INITIAL CONTACT WITH THEM, 
CONTRARY TO THE MEMORANDUM.  THERE WERE NO REPORTS OF VICTIMS 
BEING DETAINED, PROSECUTED, OR FINED. 
 
 
 
-- E. THE GOVERNMENT STRONGLY ENCOURAGES VICTIMS TO ASSIST IN 
THE INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKING. 
UNFORTUNATELY, IN A FEW CASES, MWL REPORTS THAT THIS AMOUNTS TO 
PRESSURE ON THE VICTIMS.  IT IS POSSIBLE FOR VICTIMS TO FILE 
CIVIL SUITS AGAINST TRAFFICKERS, BUT THERE IS NO PRACTICE OF 
SUCH SUITS.  VICTIMS ARE ALLOWED TO SEEK OTHER EMPLOYMENT OR 
LEAVE THE COUNTRY.  THERE IS NO VICTIM RESTITUTION PROGRAM (FOR 
ANY VICTIM OF ANY CRIME). 
 
 
 
-- F. THE GOVERNMENT PROVIDES EXTENSIVE PROTECTION, SHELTER AND 
CARE FOR VICTIMS.  TWO SHELTERS FOR TRAFFICKING EXISTS, ONE RUN 
BY A REPUTABLE NGO, THE MONTENEGRIN WOMENS' LOBBY, THE SECOND BY 
THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM).  THE 
GOVERNMENT PAYS ALL RUNNING COSTS AND PROVIDES POLICE SECURITY 
FOR THE SHELTER RUN BY THE MONTENEGRIN WOMENS LOBBY. CARE 
INCLUDES MEDICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND VOCATIONAL ASSISTANCE. 
MINOR AND CHILD VICTIMS ARE USUALLY PLACED IN THE SHELTERS. 
MONTENEGRO EXTENDS LEGAL AND SOME PHYSICAL PROTECTION TO 
WITNESSES, AS NEEDED. 
 
 
 
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PODGORICA 00000050  007.3 OF 008 
 
 
-- G. THE GOVERNMENT IN 2005 ESTABLISHED A SUBGROUP FOR FIGHTING 
TRAFFICKING IN CHILDREN, INCLUDING OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL 
COORDINATOR, MINISTRY OF LABOR AND SOCIAL WELFARE, UNICEF, SAVE 
THE CHILDREN FUND UK, AND ROMA NGO WOMEN'S HEART.  THE SUBGROUP 
HAS ESTABLISHED A TASK FORCE FOR FIGHTING TRAFFICKING IN 
CHILDREN, IN LINE WITH UNICEFS GUIDELINES AND THE GOVERNMENTS 
2005 ACTION PLAN.  MONTENEGRO BECAME INDEPENDENT ON JUNE 3, 
2006, AND ITS EMBASSIES AND CONSULATES ARE ONLY NOW BEING 
ESTABLISHED. 
 
 
 
-- H. AS NEEDED, REPATRIATED VICTIMS CAN STAY IN THE 
GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTED SHELTER AND RECEIVE THE SERVICES THAT OTHER 
VICTIMS THERE RECEIVE (MEDICAL, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, ETC.). 
HOWEVER, IN PRACTICE MOST MONTENEGRIN VICTIMS RETURN DIRECTLY TO 
THEIR HOMES. 
 
 
 
-- I. A WIDE RANGE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND LOCAL NGOS 
WORK WITH TRAFFICKING VICTIMS. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 
INCLUDE IOM, UNICEF, AND SAVE THE CHILDREN. LOCAL NGOS INCLUDE 
WOMEN'S HEART (ROMA), MONTENEGRIN WOMEN'S LOBBY, WOMEN'S SAFE 
HOUSE, SOS HOTLINE, ANIMA - ZINEC, CENTER FOR GIRLS KSENIJA, AND 
HOME OF HOPE.  IOM ASSISTS IN THE OPERATION OF THE SHELTER RUN 
BY THE MONTENEGRIN WOMEN'S LOBBY, IN REPATRIATING VICTIMS, AND 
TRAINING GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS. UNICEF AND SAVE THE CHILDREN 
PRIMARILY WORK WITH MINOR VICTIMS, INCLUDING PREVENTION.  THE 
NGOS OFFER SHELTER, COUNSELING, MEDICAL CARE (INCLUDING 
PSYCHOLOGICAL CARE), VOCATIONAL ASSISTANCE, LEGAL ASSISTANCE, 
AND RELATED SERVICES.  COOPERATION BETWEEN THE IOS AND THE 
GOVERNMENT, AND THE NGOS AND THE GOVERNMENT, IS GENERALLY VERY 
GOOD, ALTHOUGH THE IOS AND NGOS DO REPORT SOME DISAGREEMENTS, 
RELATING TO FUNDING, AND PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO INTAKE OF 
VICTIMS. 
 
 
¶6. (U) FOLLOWING ARE ARTICLES FROM MONTENEGRO LAW ON TRAFFICKING 
IN PERSONS. 
 
MONTENEGRO CRIMINAL LAW ON TIP 
(INFORMAL TRANSLATION) 
 
TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS 
 
ARTICLE 444 
 
(1) ANYONE WHO BY FORCE OR THREAT, DECEIT OR KEEPING IN 
DELUSION, BY ABUSE OF AUTHORITY, TRUST, RELATIONSHIP OF 
DEPENDENCY, DIFFICULT POSITION OF ANOTHER PERSON OR BY KEEPING 
BACK IDENTIFICATION PAPERS OR BY GIVING OR RECEIVING MONEY OR 
OTHER BENEFIT FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING CONSENT OF A PERSON 
HAVING CONTROL OVER ANOTHER: RECRUITS, TRANSPORTS, TRANSFERS, 
HANDS OVER, SELLS, BUYS, MEDIATES IN SALE, HIDES OR KEEPS 
ANOTHER PERSON FOR EXPLOITATION OF WORK, SUBMISSION TO 
SERVITUDE, COMMISSION OF CRIMES, PROSTITUTION OR BEGGING, 
PORNOGRAPHIC USE, TAKING AWAY A BODY PART FOR TRANSPLANTATION OR 
FOR USE IN ARMED CONFLICTS SHALL BE PUNISHED BY IMPRISONMENT FOR 
A TERM OF ONE TO TEN YEARS. 
 
(2) IF THE OFFENCE REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 1 OF THIS ARTICLE IS 
COMMITTED TO A JUVENILE PERSON, THE OFFENDER SHALL BE LIABLE TO 
IMPRISONMENT PRESCRIBED FOR THAT OFFENCE, EVEN IF THERE WAS NO 
FORCE, THREAT OR ANY OTHER OF THE STATED METHODS PRESENT IN THE 
COMMISSION OF THE CRIME. 
 
(3) IF THE OFFENCE REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 1 OF THIS ARTICLE IS 
COMMITTED TO A JUVENILE, THE OFFENDER SHALL BE LIABLE TO 
IMPRISONMENT FOR A MINIMUM TERM OF THREE YEARS. 
 
(4) IF OFFENCES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPHS 1 AND 3 OF THIS 
ARTICLE HAVE CAUSED SERIOUS BODILY INJURIES, THE OFFENDER SHALL 
BE LIABLE TO IMPRISONMENT FOR A TERM OF ONE YEAR TO TWELVE YEARS. 
 
(5) IF OFFENCES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPHS 1 AND 3 OF THIS 
ARTICLE HAVE CAUSED DEATH OF ONE PERSON OR MORE, THE OFFENDER 
SHALL BE LIABLE TO IMPRISONMENT FOR A MINIMUM TERM OF TEN YEARS. 
 
(6) ANYONE WHO INTERFERES OR DEALS WITH COMMITTING OFFENCES 
REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPHS 1 TO 3 OF THIS ARTICLE OR PARTICIPATES 
IN THEIR ORGANIZED COMMISSION TOGETHER WITH SEVERAL OTHER 
PERSONS SHALL BE LIABLE TO IMPRISONMENT FOR A MINIMUM TERM OF 
FIVE YEARS. 
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PODGORICA 00000050  008.3 OF 008 
 
 
 
ADDITIONAL LAWS CRIMINALIZE TRAFFICKING IN CHILDREN FOR ADOPTION 
(ARTICLE 445) AND SLAVERY (ARTICLE 446). 
 
¶7. (U) POST TIP COORDINATOR IS ALAN CARLSON, 381-81-225-417 (O), 
381-81-241-258 (FAX).  CARLSON (FS-2) SPENT 12 HOURS ON THIS 
REPORT. 
BARNES 
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