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Viewing cable 07LUSAKA316, ZAM IS NOT ZIM: REPORTS OF GRZ PROPERTY DEMOLITION

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07LUSAKA316 2007-03-16 15:52 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Lusaka
VZCZCXRO7853
RR RUEHBZ RUEHDU RUEHJO RUEHMR RUEHRN
DE RUEHLS #0316/01 0751552
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 161552Z MAR 07
FM AMEMBASSY LUSAKA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 4115
INFO RUCNSAD/SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 LUSAKA 000316 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958:  N/A 
TAGS: PGOV PHUM ZA
SUBJECT: ZAM IS NOT ZIM: REPORTS OF GRZ PROPERTY DEMOLITION 
EXAGGERATED 
 
Ref: Lusaka 247 
 
1. (SBU) Summary: Following advance warnings made by the Zambian 
Minister of Local Government and Housing in late February, on March 
11, the GRZ razed approximately 100 partially completed, unoccupied 
structures in the Kalikiliki section of Lusaka.  The Zambia Land 
Alliance, an alliance of civil society groups dedicated to land 
reform, has reserved judgment on the government's decision to 
destroy the illegal Kalikiliki structures.  Although some media 
reports have compared the GRZ action to Zimbabwe's "Operation 
Restore Order," which left thousands homeless in 2005, these 
comparisons are unfounded.  End Summary. 
 
GRZ Destroys Unoccupied Structures 
---------------------------------- 
 
2. (SBU) On March 11, the GRZ razed approximately 100 partially 
completed, unoccupied structures in the low-income, high-density 
Kalikiliki section of Lusaka.  Media reports indicate that the 
government also destroyed squatter shacks in Solwezi in North 
Western Province.  PolOff visited Kalikiliki on March 14 and found 
the area to be calm and orderly.  Residents reported that government 
construction crews, escorted by police, arrived in the area late on 
the evening of March 10 and tore down the cinder block structures 
using sledge hammers.  The operation took approximately two hours 
and the residents did not confront the work crews or protest their 
actions. 
 
3. (SBU) Many of the "owners" of the destroyed structures were 
likely not aware of the government action until the following day, 
since none of the buildings were occupied.  When PolOff visited the 
area, the approximately two-acre tract on which the structures had 
stood was completely cleared - local residents had carted off the 
rubble for use in other construction projects, also probably 
illegal.  Residents said that the land had recently been sold and 
they speculated that the government destroyed the structures in 
response to complaints from the new owner. 
 
4. (SBU) The GRZ's actions were not without warning.  On February 
20, Minister of Local Government and Housing Sylvia Masebo announced 
the plan to destroy the Kalikiliki structures after touring the 
area.  Masebo noted that the people building on the land could 
produce no documents to prove ownership.  "A group of people have 
been selling land and instructing clients to construct their homes 
in the shortest possible time," Masebo said, adding "all these 
structures are going to be demolished and this is not a joke." 
Though warned, many Kalikiliki residents were surprised that the 
government acted on its plan.  The GRZ often threatens to take 
action against illegal squatters, but rarely follows through.  The 
destruction of the Kalikiliki structures has produced anxiety 
throughout Lusaka's compounds, which are home to many properties of 
similarly dubious provenance. 
 
GRZ Motivated by Political Considerations 
----------------------------------------- 
 
5. (SBU) Although complaints from the new land owner may have 
prompted the GRZ to clear the Kalikiliki property, many believe that 
the government was also motivated by political considerations.  Most 
of Zambia's illegal structures are located in urban areas such as 
Kalikiliki, which are also strongholds of the opposition Patriotic 
Front (PF) party.  The GRZ may be trying to assert its authority in 
these areas by cracking down on long-overlooked property law 
violations. 
 
6.  (SBU) At the same time it asserts its control, the GRZ may be 
acting to show its determination to fight corruption following the 
revelation of widespread abuses at the Ministry of Lands (Reftel). 
Much of the illegal development of land in Zambia can be attributed 
to local supporters of the ruling Movement for Multi-party Democracy 
(MMD), who divide and sell parcels of land that the MMD awards to 
them in return for their political support.  In many case, these 
corrupt MMD supporters sell the same tract of land multiple times to 
unsuspecting and uneducated buyers (though it is not certain that 
the Kalikiliki builders had even a "good faith" claim to their 
property).  By enforcing the law, the GRZ may be seeking to put an 
end to this practice. 
 
MMD and PF Agree? Pigs Flying Over Lusaka? 
------------------------------------------ 
 
7. (SBU) Ironically, the leadership of the opposition Patriotic 
Front (PF) party may also be quietly pushing the government to clear 
illegally occupied land, although it is mainly PF supporters who 
will be affected.  Susan Nakazwe, the Mayor of Lusaka and a PF 
member, accompanied Masebo on her February 20 tour of Kalikiliki, 
lending her tacit support to the plan to raze the structures.  In 
addition, Patriotic Front MP from Matero Faustina Sinyangwe praised 
Masebo in a speech to Parliament, noting the need to curb land 
abuses.  Finally, PF president Michael Sata, never one to miss an 
 
LUSAKA 00000316  002 OF 002 
 
 
opportunity to criticize the ruling party, has been conspicuously 
silent on this issue.  Mulima Akapelwa from the Catholic Center for 
Justice, Development and Peace (CCJDP), speculated to PolOff that 
Sata may privately support the GRZ efforts to clear illegally 
occupied land because that would allow PF-dominated local councils 
to regain control of the properties. 
 
Civil Society: No Rush to Judgment 
---------------------------------- 
 
8.  (SBU) The CCJDP is a member of the Zambia Land Alliance (ZLA), 
which advocates for land reform stressing the need to provide the 
poor with access to land.  The ZLA has not yet formed a position on 
the destruction of illegal properties like the ones in Kalikiliki, 
Akapelwa said.  She explained the dilemma, noting that, although the 
ZLA believes that land should be accessible to all, it cannot 
condone squatters or fault the government for enforcing the law.  On 
the other hand, the ZLA believes that the MMD is responsible for 
creating the problem of illegal development and should be held 
accountable for selling properties and development rights without 
clear title.  The CCJDP does not advocate for people who illegally 
occupy land, Akapelwa stressed.  Several years ago the CCJDP was 
itself victimized by squatters who had formed what amounted to a 
"township" on CCJDP property before being evicted by government. 
 
Comment 
------- 
 
9. (SBU) It is unclear whether the incident at Kalikiliki is a 
one-off event or the beginning of a sustained campaign by the 
government to rein in abuses of Zambia's property laws and establish 
clear titles to land.  There is no evidence that the GRZ has adopted 
a new policy with regard to illegal settlements, and so far the GRZ 
has taken no action on Masebo's pledge to remove illegal vendors 
from Lusaka's improvised downtown markets.  It appears that the 
government's intentions are good, even if its actions may have been 
prompted by political considerations and appear heavy-handed, as 
reported in the international media.  Beyond the considerable 
challenge of establishing clear titles to properties following 
decades of widespread abuse and corruption in the Ministry of Lands, 
the GRZ may face an even greater challenge in providing housing to 
Zambia's millions of poor who are migrating to urban centers in 
great numbers.  To alleviate the burden on cities and stem the 
growing housing crisis, the GRZ will need to do a better job of 
creating economic opportunity and providing electricity and other 
government services to Zambia's rural areas.  End Comment. 
 
MARTINEZ