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TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 8657
INFO RUEHZL/EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE
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RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 0586
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RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHDC

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 07 PRAGUE 000201 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPARTMENT PASS TO HQ USAID WASHDC 
DEPARTMENT FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, EUR/NCE FOR ERIC FICHTE 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KCRM PHUM KWMN SMIG KRFD ASEC PREF ELAB EZ
SUBJECT: PART II OF III: Seventh Annual Anti-Trafficking Report - 
Czech Republic 
 
Ref: 06 STATE 202745 
 
¶1. (U) Sensitive But Unclassified entire text; not for internet 
distribution. 
 
---------- 
PREVENTION (ref Para 28 SECSTATE 202745) 
---------- 
 
G) The First Deputy Minister of the Czech Interior Ministry has 
primary responsibility for the implementation of the National 
Strategy for the Fight Against Trafficking in Human Beings. In 
September 2005 the government created the Interdisciplinary 
Committee on Trafficking, which includes representatives from other 
ministries (such as Justice, Health, Labor and Social Affairs, and 
the Foreign Ministry) and NGOs. The group met twice in 2006 to 
discuss ways to better manage the trafficking situation in the Czech 
Republic. The committee focused on the implementation of various 
requirements of the national antitrafficking strategy, and 
strengthened their implementation of the Program of Support. 
 
Representatives from the Ministry of Interior's Crime Prevention 
Department and the Security Policy Department as well as the 
police's Organized Crime Unit also conduct monthly outreach meetings 
with the NGOs following trafficking in persons closely (La Strada, 
Caritas, Rozkos bez Rizika and IOM) to discuss trends, new ideas and 
specific cases of victim assistance. 
 
The government's Human Rights Commission also monitors trafficking 
issues and proposes actions to the Cabinet. The government has a 
specific anti-corruption police unit, The Unit to Combat Corruption 
and Financial Criminality. The Office of Detection of Illegal 
Proceeds and Taxes (financial police) established in 2004 was merged 
with the anti-corruption unit as of January 1, 2007. The Supreme and 
Higher Prosecution Offices also have specific departments that deal 
strictly with corruption and serious financial crimes. 
 
H) In July 2005, the Czech Government published its National 
Strategy of the Fight Against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005-2007. 
The first such document was published in 2003. The Interior Ministry 
has primary responsibility for the publication, assessment, revision 
of the plan, and the Security Policy Office works extensively within 
the Interior Ministry (mainly with the Alien and Border Police, the 
Organized Crime Unit, and Office for the Prevention of Criminality) 
and with other Ministries and NGOs. The Ministries of Education, 
Justice, Foreign Affairs, and Labor and Social Affairs are assigned 
specific benchmarks and requirements in the National Strategy. 
 
In August 2006, the government approved an additional national 
campaign entitled "National Plan to Combat Commercial Sexual 
Exploitation of Children for 2006-2008". This plan is the fourth 
campaign to focuses explicitly on the issue of commercial sexual 
exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child 
pornography and trafficking in children. The plan includes detailed 
description of the situation in the Czech Republic and evaluates 
earlier efforts from the previous plan (2004-2006). Many ministries 
are involved in the campaign including the Ministry of Interior, 
Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, Ministry of Education, 
Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Health. As laid out in the plan, 
the main priorities are: better coordination of local institutions 
that provide care to endangered children, better analyzation and 
collection of information about different forms of social 
pathological features of criminals that prey on children, improved 
protection of children from being exploited (e.g legislative changes 
in the areas of conditions for work with minors and the 
criminalization of possession of child pornography), increased 
opportunities of after-school activities for endangered children, 
decrease the number of children being placed in special care 
institutions (orphanages) and finding more possibilities of use of 
foster care, increasing the awareness of sexual exploitation of 
children (among journalists, parents and the lay public), and 
finally creating a "friendly" environment for child victims and 
witnesses in the judicial system. 
 
-------------------------------------------- 
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKERS (ref Para 29 SECSTATE 
202745) 
-------------------------------------------- 
 
A) The trafficking of men, women and children for sexual purposes is 
illegal under Section 232a and 216a of the Czech Criminal Code. 
 
PRAGUE 00000201  002 OF 007 
 
 
Section 232a came into force in November 2004 and replaced the 
previous section of the Criminal Code dealing with trafficking, 246. 
As opposed to 246, Section 232a now criminalizes both trafficking 
for sexual and non-sexual purposes including forced labor, and 
internal as well as cross-border trafficking. Since the 2004 law 
cannot be applied retroactively, cases begun under Section 246 
continue to use that statute until they are resolved. No new cases 
have been initiated under Section 246 since the inception of the new 
statute. Because of the complexity of investigating trafficking 
cases, and because of the habitually lengthy delays in the Czech 
judicial systems, all cases brought to trial in 2005 under specific 
trafficking statutes were still adjudicated under Section 246. There 
was one ongoing prosecution and one conviction under Section 246 in 
¶2006. The Government continued to charge traffickers with pimping 
when they felt that they had a better chance of conviction with that 
statute. 
 
Police and prosecutors also routinely use laws against pimping, 
rape, kidnapping, participation in criminal conspiracy, restriction 
of personal freedom, sexual abuse of minors, and endangering the 
morals of juveniles against traffickers. In an attempt to target the 
demand for sexual services, in January 2004 a new section of the 
Criminal Code, Section 217a, made "inducement" of sexual intercourse 
(offering money or other inducement for sex or sex acts) to persons 
under 18 illegal and punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment. 
Section 216 of the criminal code, criminalizes trafficking in 
children (defined as under 18), and also bans the abduction of minor 
children (or physically or mentally handicapped persons) from their 
legal guardians. 
 
B) The maximum prison sentence for trafficking for the purposes of 
sexual exploitation, under Section 232a of the Criminal Code, 
increased from 12 to 15 years in 2004. The minimum penalty is now 
two years. Penalties for trafficking in children range from two to 
10 years. These penalties are fully consistent with sentences for 
serious sex offenses and violent crimes. 
 
C) The maximum prison sentence for trafficking for the purposes of 
forced labor, under Section 232a of the Criminal Code, increased 
from 12 to 15 years in 2004. The minimum penalty is now two years. 
 
The government criminally fines employers who violate work contracts 
or confiscate workers travel documents. Fines can be as much as 
500,000 kc ($25,000) per occurrence and fines in the millions of 
crowns (several hundred thousand dollars) have resulted from 
employers violating the rights of a number of employees. When 
employers use abuse, physical or sexual, against employees they are 
charged with crimes ranging from denial of personal liberty, rape, 
assault and trafficking in persons. 
 
D) The maximum penalty for rape is now the same as that for 
trafficking, 15 years; the minimum penalty is two years. 
 
E) Prostitution in the Czech Republic is unregulated, and it is 
therefore neither legal nor illegal. Activities of the prostitute 
are not currently criminalized. 
 
The Ministry of Interior however has indicated it has drafted 
legislation that will be introduced over the coming year that would 
broaden the definition of disorderly conduct to include street 
prostitution. The first two convictions under the new law would be 
misdemeanors but a third conviction would be a felony punishable by 
up to 2 years in jail. 
 
Pimping (and its associated activities), however, is specifically 
criminalized under Czech law, and traffickers are often charged 
under pimping statutes when the use of the trafficking statutes is 
considered too difficult. 
 
F) During 2006 police investigated 14 offenders and made 15 arrests 
in multiple trafficking cases. One previous case (under the 
pre-November 2004 statute) was prosecuted, resulting in 1 
trafficking conviction. Another case under the new statute was 
prosecuted resulting in another conviction.  For the first time, in 
2006 the government convicted two criminals under its child 
trafficking statute.  None of the four offenders convicted of 
trafficking received unconditional sentences; 4 received suspended 
sentences. During the same time frame 88 persons (many of them 
traffickers) were charged with pimping, with 68 convictions 
resulting. Twelve of the criminals charged with pimping were 
sentenced to jail time, while seven others were forced to pay fines. 
 
PRAGUE 00000201  003 OF 007 
 
 
Pimping charges are often used to prosecute traffickers because of 
the complexity of the trafficking statute. Individuals not charged 
specifically with trafficking were charged with other offenses such 
as pimping, conspiracy, denial or personal liberty, rape, inducement 
of a minor for sexual intercourse, etc. 
 
The government criminally fines employers who violate work contracts 
or confiscate workers' travel documents. Fines can be as much as 
500,000 kc ($25,000) per occurrence and fines in the millions of 
crowns (several hundred thousand dollars) have resulted from 
employers violating the rights of a number of employees. When 
employers use abuse, physical or sexual, against employees they are 
charged with crimes ranging from denial of personal liberty, rape, 
assault and trafficking in persons. Traffickers serve the time 
sentenced and remain on probation upon release. 
 
An excellent example of Czech police investigative best practices is 
the September 2006 break up one of the largest local criminal 
syndicates trafficking woman to Scandinavia. The police arrested 16 
individuals for trafficking numerous young Czech and Slovak Romani 
girls to Norway. The police stated that typically the girls were 
trafficked from small communities to Prague, where they were forced 
into prostitution. Once deemed "experienced" the traffickers sent 
the girls and women to Norway. Each victim was required to pay the 
traffickers 12,000 kc ($600) daily and during the six months the 
traffickers were monitored by the police they took in over 12 
million crowns ($600,000) from their trafficking victims. Police 
estimate the trafficking syndicate had been functioning for several 
years. More than 160 Czech police were involved in the sting 
operation. 
 
A Vietnamese criminal group that was active in the Czech Republic, 
Vietnam and Germany was broken up when the Czech police arrested 6 
offenders for pimping and trafficking in persons. The criminals 
would traditionally recruit Vietnamese girls for legal work in the 
Czech Republic, but upon arrival in the country the women were 
forced into prostitution. The success of the police to break up this 
organized crime syndicate is notable given the fact that the 
traffickers, victims and clients are exclusively Vietnamese making 
such criminal organizations extremely difficult to infiltrate. 
 
The Czech regional court in Plzen in January 2007 sentenced two 
Germans with sexually molesting multiple young Czech boys, the 
youngest being seven years old, in the Czech town of Klatovy. The 
two Germans were sentenced to 5 years and 3 years in jail 
respectively. The Germans paid the children with money or gifts for 
sexual intercourse. Czech police worked closely with German police 
to bring the case to a positive result. In addition to those 
convicted of trafficking, 16 individuals were convicted of 
inducement of minors for sexual intercourse in 2006. 
 
In July 2006, three additional individuals were arrested under the 
child trafficking statute for attempting to sell a 10-month old girl 
for 100,000 Euros to a couple in the United Kingdom. 
 
G) Sex trafficking remains dominated by organized criminal groups 
from the former Soviet Union (predominantly Russia, Ukraine, and 
Belarus) and Bulgaria. 
 
A significant number of Vietnamese and Chinese women are trafficked 
into the Czech Republic by Asian Organized Crime syndicates. There 
are significant Vietnamese and Chinese communities in the Czech 
Republic, and police and NGOs report that Asian sex trafficking 
victims will often be forced to work in social clubs and brothels 
catering exclusively to the Asian community. Asian trafficking 
operations are particularly difficult to combat due to the 
relatively closed nature of the communities in the country, a higher 
observed level of violence as a means of control, and the more 
complete dependence of trafficked women on their sponsors. 
 
Among other groups, police have noted a marked trend away from 
direct violence, and they instead use what police refer to as "soft 
exploitation". "Soft exploitation" involves the concerted use of 
psychological and financial pressure against the victim to secure 
their compliance. 
 
Roma criminal groups are involved in the internal trafficking of 
Roma and non-Roma Czech women. This internal trafficking is often 
tied to specific groups or families. As a rule sex trafficking 
organizations tend to be smaller groups of individuals who form 
opportunistic alliances and relations with other groups for specific 
 
PRAGUE 00000201  004 OF 007 
 
 
purposes. NGOs have observed that these groups or types of groups 
frequently operate within specific territorial zones. 
 
Labor trafficking organizations, on the other hand, were revealed in 
the two 2005 studies to be highly sophisticated operations with 
extensive organized crime groups that operate in several different 
countries. Labor trafficking organizations will frequently act 
within the framework of a former USSR-model "client" system and the 
organization will act as brokers or contractors for illegal labor. 
These groups will often deduct large portions of the worker's 
salary. Different studies have indicated that nearly all laborers 
working illegally in the country do so under the auspices of an 
interlocutor. 
 
There is no evidence at all to suggest that government officials are 
involved in trafficking, but there are rumors of alleged corruption 
of a limited number of members of the Alien and Border Police. 
However, once the Czech Republic joins the Schengen Agreement at the 
beginning of 2008 the Czechs will no longer have a functioning 
border police due to the fact that all Czech border countries will 
be EU and Schengen member states. As a result, only at airports will 
there be passport and immigration control. 
 
In order to reduce the opportunity for possible corruption, the 
Government in the latest amendment to the law on the residence of 
foreigners switched responsibility regarding decisions on long-term 
residency for protection purposes from the Alien and Boarder Police 
to the Ministry of Interior. Police believe that trafficking 
organizations often launder their profits through casinos, as well 
as through real estate transactions and other investments in the 
Czech Republic, channeling funds home to organized crime affiliates 
or operations. Gambling organizations and casinos are only loosely 
regulated in the Czech Republic. 
 
H) The Czech Government devotes considerable effort to dismantling 
trafficking organizations. The Interior Ministry has established a 
specialized police investigative unit, the Organized Crime Unit 
(UOOZ), specifically for this purpose. The UOOZ, in addition to 
investigative responsibilities, also plays a critical role in the 
implementation of the Model Program for the Support of Victims of 
Trafficking. The Organized Crime Unit suffered from personnel 
turbulence in 2005, due to changes in police retirement laws, but 
the situation improved in 2006 and the Organized Crime Unit created 
a new specialized police unit to combat trafficking in person for 
the purposes of forced labor. This significantly increased the 
number of police investigators strictly working on trafficking in 
persons issues. The national police are also in the process of 
identifying specific officers at the regional level that will 
function as local liaisons to the forced labor section. The new unit 
cooperates closely with local police, NGOs, Labor Offices and Labor 
Inspectorates. The creation of a police unit solely focused on 
forced labor is unique in the region and reflects the Czechs 
commitment to address the problem. It should also be noted that in a 
country suffering from corruption, the Organized Crime Unit has an 
excellent record and reputation for probity and integrity. 
 
Police and investigators often use other statutes and charges under 
which conviction can be easier and more assured; this is especially 
true when alternative serious charges carry comparable penalties to 
the trafficking statute. Faced with a goal of dismantling an 
organized crime network, Czech police will often use the most 
expedient serious charge available for which they can reasonably 
expect a conviction. 
 
Labor trafficking remains an area of intense interest to the Czech 
Government since the publication in 2005 of two government-funded 
studies that indicated that the problem was more widespread then 
previously thought. Responding to this problem, Czech law has 
directly incorporated language from international trafficking 
conventions to criminalize forced labor. The creation of the forced 
labor section within the trafficking division should greatly assist 
in these efforts. The Czech Supreme Prosecutor's Office is currently 
examining revisions and addendums to its Criminal Code and internal 
guidelines that will also provide better clarity on labor 
trafficking. In the interim, the Ministry of Interior has translated 
into Czech for the use of the police and prosecutors a new 
International Labor Organization (ILO) manual entitled "Forced Labor 
Trafficking - How to Monitor Recruitment of Working Migrants". The 
manual provides local police and prosecutors a better understanding 
of the labor trafficking issue and the official ILO definition of 
labor trafficking. 
 
PRAGUE 00000201  005 OF 007 
 
 
 
Child pornography continues to spread via the internet and while 
production of child pornography is a crime, the Czech Republic is 
the only country in the EU where mere possession of child 
pornography is not a crime. This issue was highlighted recently when 
the Austrian police notified their Czech counterparts that more than 
a dozen Czechs had downloaded child pornography from a computer 
server in Austria. The Czech authorities had to explain that 
currently this was not a crime in the Czech Republic. There is 
legislation pending before parliament that is likely to be approved 
this year that would finally criminalize the possession of child 
pornography. 
 
The Organized Crime Unit is extremely aggressive in using electronic 
surveillance, undercover operations and all other means of effective 
investigative techniques in its trafficking investigations. 
 
An excellent example of Czech police investigative best practices is 
the September 2006 break up one of the largest local criminal 
syndicates trafficking woman to Scandinavia. The police arrested 16 
individuals for trafficking numerous young Czech and Slovak Romani 
girls to Norway. The police stated that typically the girls were 
trafficked from small communities to Prague, where they were force 
into prostitution. Once deemed "experienced" the traffickers sent 
the girls and women to Norway. Each victim was required to pay the 
traffickers 12,000 kc ($600) daily and during the six months the 
traffickers were monitored by the police they took in over 12 
million crowns ($600,000) from their trafficking victims. Police 
estimate the trafficking syndicate had been functioning for several 
years. More than 160 Czech police were involved in the sting 
operation. 
 
I) The Resident Twinning Advisors for Human Trafficking, working 
under the auspices of the EU PHARE program, worked closely with the 
Interior Ministry to improve the level of trafficking awareness and 
training in the Czech police. Prior to the program ending in 
November 2005, the advisor had trained several hundred police 
officers. The advisor also worked with the Ministry to complete in 
2005 an updated training manual for police on trafficking, with a 
priority being to help street-level, non-specialized police officers 
recognize potential or possible trafficking victims and to access 
the appropriate state or NGO agencies. Most of the training 
activities continued in 2006 due to Ministry of Interior funding 
including regional roundtables. Representatives of the trafficking 
department within the Organized Crime Unit continued to provide 
one-day trafficking seminars at secondary police schools. Police 
investigators inform students about the specifics of detecting and 
investigating trafficking cases, about necessary cooperation with 
NGOs and provide information on assistance to victims. 
 
NGOs are uniformly in agreement that Czech police, while not 
perfect, have greatly enhanced their ability to identify victims of 
trafficking due to diligence of higher-up authorities and the 
Ministry of Interior in reinforcing the importance of combating 
trafficking into the basic police curriculum. Most victims are 
currently identified by the police and NGOs agree that the police 
effectiveness in dealing with victims when compared to just three 
years ago is astoundingly good. 
 
The Government has also sponsored several training programs and 
seminars at its Judicial Academy for prosecutors and judges that 
focus upon improving prosecution for these offenses. One of the 
purposes of the program has been to confront the issue of the 
generally low sentences that have historically been meted out to 
convicted traffickers by Czech courts. The training also addressed 
other topics including the commercial sexual exploitation of 
children, and best practices in working with minors. The government 
has instituted numerous other programs focused upon educating local 
officials, NGOs, and other social service agencies at regional 
levels to help identify and respond to trafficking victims (see 
above). 
 
J) The Czechs cooperate extensively with other European governments 
in investigating and prosecuting trafficking cases, and have worked 
especially closely with Germany, Austria, Denmark, Holland, France, 
Britain, Italy, Slovakia, Switzerland and Poland. Czech officials 
have noted an improvement in the attitude and level of cooperation 
with Ukrainian officials since the "Orange Revolution" of early 
¶2005. The Czechs are members of EUROPOL and INTERPOL. 
 
The Czech Republic has law-enforcement cross-border cooperation 
 
PRAGUE 00000201  006 OF 007 
 
 
agreements with Germany and Slovakia; agreements with Poland, 
Austria are currently under preparation. 
 
In 2006, international cooperation with Czech police has been very 
successful. The Organized Crime Unit with foreign partners worked on 
33 cases of international criminal organizations that focused on 
commercial sexual exploitation of women and children, production and 
spreading of children pornography, including across the internet. 
 
In July, three individuals were arrested for attempting to sell a 
10-month old girl for 100,000 Euros to a couple in the United 
Kingdom. The Czech police were alerted to the case by their British 
counterparts when advertisements were placed in the British press. 
 
A Vietnamese criminal group that was active in the Czech Republic, 
Vietnam and Germany was broken up when the Czech police arrested 6 
offenders for pimping and trafficking in persons. The criminals 
would traditionally recruit Vietnamese girls for legal work in the 
Czech Republic, but upon arrival in the country the women were 
forced into prostitution. The success of the police to break up this 
organized crime syndicate is notable given the fact that the 
traffickers, victims and clients are exclusively Vietnamese making 
such criminal organizations extremely difficult to infiltrate. 
 
The Czech regional court in Plzen in January 2007 sentenced two 
Germans with sexually molesting multiple young Czech boys, the 
youngest being seven years old, in the Czech town of Klatovy. The 
two Germans were sentenced to 5 years and 3 years in jail 
respectively. Czech police worked closely with German police to 
bring the case to a positive result. 
 
K)  Although the Czech government has adapted the European Arrest 
Warrant, current interpretation of language in the Czech 
Constitution designed to proscribe the use enforced exile (a favored 
tactic of the Communist regime) also prohibits the extradition of 
Czech nationals charged in foreign courts. No Czechs have been 
extradited under the EAW. Three wanted Israeli nationals hiding in 
the Czech Republic were arrested and extradited to Israel in 2006 
for trafficking Ukrainian women. Although the Czech Government does 
extradite foreign suspects for trafficking offenses without 
problems, extradition of Czech nationals remains controversial. 
 
L) There is no evidence of government involvement in or tolerance of 
trafficking. NGOs have reported concerns that individual officers of 
the border police may have been involved in facilitating border 
crossing for traffickers but have been unable to provide any proof 
of corruption. However, once the Czech Republic joins the Schengen 
Agreement at the beginning of 2008 the Czechs will no longer have a 
functioning border police due to the fact that all Czech border 
countries will be EU and Schengen member states. As a result, only 
at airports will there be passport and immigration control. 
 
M) With no evidence of government involvement in or tolerance of 
trafficking, there have been no government officials indicted or 
convicted in connection with such activity. 
 
N) Pedophile sex tourists in the Czech Republic are predominately 
German and Austrian although British and American pedophiles have 
been known to travel to Prague. On the German border in Cheb, the 
Government continued to support activities of its specialized police 
team, "Eger", as well as worked closely with Roma police assistants. 
In addition, two projects were organized within the framework of a 
trilateral Czech-German-Polish working group. These projects focused 
on the creation and distribution of informative leaflets warning 
against sex tourism. The local government and police force also 
continued close cooperation with several local NGOs. One such 
example of successful cooperation is coordination with the German 
NGO EJF-Lazarus (evangelic social services to youth) that provides 
care for criminal delinquent children and youth all over Germany. 
EJF-Lazarus opened a specialized center in Cheb named "Utociste" 
that is focused on high-risk children, usually runaways with 
psychological problems. The Cheb police developed a new "case 
management" system: a holistic approach focused on working with 
specific youth and children that are high-risk. The system requires 
the close cooperation of the police and other social-legal 
institutions such as children protective services, doctors, 
probation and mediation services as well as counseling centers. This 
best practice has been adopted by police in other regions. 
 
In the area of trafficking in children, the police are intently 
focused on organized child prostitution. Czech police are very 
 
PRAGUE 00000201  007.2 OF 007 
 
 
proactive in cooperating with their German and Austrian 
counterparts, since these are the source countries of most 
pedophiles in the Czech Republic. In an improvement over previous 
years, the police investigated 3 cases of trafficking in children 
and there were also two convictions in 2006. In addition, there were 
16 individuals that were convicted of inducement of minors for 
sexual intercourse. The largest problem is the spread of child 
pornography through the internet. The largest obstacle is that while 
production of child pornography is a crime, the Czech Republic is 
the only country in the EU where mere possession of child 
pornography is not a crime. This issue was highlighted recently when 
the Austrian police notified their Czech counterparts that more than 
a dozen Czechs had downloaded child pornography from a computer 
server in Austria. The Czech authorities had to explain that 
currently this was not a crime in the Czech Republic. There is 
legislation pending before parliament that is likely to be approved 
this year that would finally criminalize the possession of child 
pornography. 
 
It should also be noted that the reports of extensive child 
prostitution in Cheb published in 2005 by a German NGO have since 
been seriously (and credibly) disputed by both Czech and German 
officials and other NGOs in the region. While child prostitution 
exists in the area, the scope of the problem appears to have been 
seriously overstated. Other studies and statistics have failed to 
replicate or support the German NGO's assertions. 
 
The Czech regional court in Plzen in January 2007 sentenced two 
Germans with sexually molesting multiple young Czech boys, the 
youngest being seven years old, in the Czech town of Klatovy. The 
two Germans were sentenced to 5 years and 3 years in jail 
respectively. Czech police worked closely with German police to 
bring the case to a positive result. 
 
O) The GOCR ratified ILO Convention 182 on June 19, 2001, Convention 
29 on January 1, 1993 and Convention 105 on June 8, 1996. The 
government signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the 
Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution, and 
child pornography on January 26, 2005; it has not yet been ratified. 
The Czech Republic signed the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and 
Punish Trafficking in Persons on December 10, 2002; it is not yet 
ratified, but it will be pending resolution of the definition of 
criminal liability of companies in the Czech Republic. All other 
requirements for the ratification of the Protocol are met.