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Viewing cable 07CHENGDU31, SICHUAN PARTY SCHOOL ON IMPLEMENTATION OF "HARMONIOUS

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07CHENGDU31 2007-02-01 07:29 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Consulate Chengdu
VZCZCXRO4493
RR RUEHCN RUEHGH
DE RUEHCN #0031/01 0320729
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
R 010729Z FEB 07
FM AMCONSUL CHENGDU
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 2367
INFO RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 1222
RUEHGZ/AMCONSUL GUANGZHOU 0666
RUEHHK/AMCONSUL HONG KONG 0688
RUEHGH/AMCONSUL SHANGHAI 0676
RUEHSH/AMCONSUL SHENYANG 0644
RUEHIN/AIT TAIPEI 0586
RHEHAAA/NSC WASHINGTON DC
RHEFDIA/DIA WASHINGTON DC
RUEHCN/AMCONSUL CHENGDU 2862
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 04 CHENGDU 000031 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR EAP/CM AND INR 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL:  2/1/2027 
TAGS: PGOV CH
SUBJECT: SICHUAN PARTY SCHOOL ON IMPLEMENTATION OF "HARMONIOUS 
SOCIETY" 
 
REF: BEIJING 620 
 
CLASSIFIED BY: James A. Boughner, Consul General, United States 
Consulate, Chengdu. 
REASON: 1.4 (b) 
 
1.  (C) Summary:  Officials from the Sichuan Province Party 
School and Organization Department said the Harmonious Society 
doctrine represents a significant change from the "class 
struggle"-oriented Marxism that was the former ideological focus 
of Party member education.  While actual implementation of the 
concept is still in its early stages, in general it encourages 
Party members to work toward development, peace and stability. 
Zhou Zhibin, Vice President of the Sichuan Party School said 
"deliberative democracy" promotes consultation, tolerance and 
understanding.  According to Zhou, Harmonious Society will 
achieve a balance between centralism and democracy at the local 
level by shifting from a previous focus solely on economic 
development to one which values service.  Democratic experiments 
at the local level include the phasing out of the "secretaries 
working meeting" and the broadening of the representative nature 
of party committees. 
 
2.  (C) Training for cadres now focuses on integrating practical 
experience and ideology, as well as on developing relationships 
outside of the Party, according to Wang Chuan, Vice President of 
the Sichuan Organization Department.  The cadre evaluation and 
promotion system is also under revision to reflect Harmonious 
Society's new emphasis on improving people's livelihoods, 
unemployment, and gaps in development rather than solely 
improving GDP numbers.  Sichuan Province appears to be moving 
forward slowly on implementing Harmonious Society, and its Party 
School and Organization Department leaders are unwilling or 
unable to comment on ongoing debates about Harmonious Society. 
End Summary 
 
3.  (C) On January 18, Congenoff and visiting EAP Desk Officer 
Marc Abramson met with the Zhou Zhibin, Vice President of the 
Sichuan Party School, Li Xin, Director of the Sichuan 
Administration Institute (the non-Party "government" side of the 
Sichuan Party School), and Mr. Xiao, Director of the Training 
Department of the Sichuan Party School, to discuss the training 
Party members receive on implementation of the "Harmonious 
Society" policy.  In a separate meeting on January 19, we met 
with Wang Chuan, Vice President of the Sichuan Province 
Organization Department, which oversees Party personnel matters 
and is involved in Party training and ideological education. 
 
What is "Harmonious Society?" 
----------------------------- 
4.  (C) The Harmonious Society doctrine, also referred to as 
Socialist Harmonious Society, represents a significant change 
from the "class struggle"-oriented Marxism that was the former 
ideological focus of Party member education, according to Zhou. 
The new policy is much broader and targets all levels of cadres 
and Communist Party members.  Both Zhou, and Wang, in a separate 
meeting, said Harmonious Society works toward the goals of 
development, peace and stability, and that the related 
Scientific Development Concept is a guiding ideology (zhidao 
sixiang) to assist in attaining these goals.  Wang noted the 
Scientific Development Concept, as a "comprehensive platform" 
(tongling), was ideologically more important than Harmonious 
Society, which he characterized as a "development goal." Zhou 
admitted "Harmonious Society" is an abstract concept in its 
initial stage, and that the basic framework is still under 
development. 
 
5. (C) According to Zhou, unlike the New Socialist Countryside 
program (introduced as a formal goal at the plenary session of 
the National People's Congress in March 2006) and the goal of 
achieving a Relatively Well-off Society (xiaokang shehui) -- 
first raised during Jiang Zemin's tenure as Party General 
Secretary -- which have quantitative goals, Harmonious Society 
 
SIPDIS 
has no specific numerical targets.  He added that local level 
governments down to at least the county level have new 
"implementation offices" (tuijin ban) to carry out the "New 
Socialist Countryside," but did not mention the existence of 
similar organizations relating to Harmonious Society. 
 
Deliberative Democracy 
------------------------ 
6.  (C) In response to a question from Abramson, Zhou said that 
while the Party recognized two basic forms of democracy, 
 
CHENGDU 00000031  002 OF 004 
 
 
electoral democracy and "deliberative democracy" (xieshang 
minzhu), the Party was currently focused much more on the 
latter.  In the context of Harmonious Society, he viewed the 
role of "deliberative democracy" as promoting the resolution of 
disputes outside of the court system, thereby avoiding costly 
and contentious lawsuits.  Specifically, Zhou said the system 
should promote mutual consultation, tolerance and understanding. 
 He lamented the fact that electoral democracy does not always 
achieve an ideal outcome, using competitive elections as an 
example.  Without giving further details, Zhou gave as an 
example that village officials elected in competitive elections 
face many obstacles.  (Note:  Zhou's general comment on 
problematic outcomes of local elections is interesting given 
that Sichuan Province has a history of being touted as a model 
in China for village-level democratic reform and 
experimentation.  End Note.) 
 
Democratic Centralism 
--------------------- 
7.  (C) In response to a question on how Harmonious Society will 
achieve a balance between centralism and democracy at the local 
level, Zhou said policy has shifted from a previous focus solely 
on economic development to one which also values providing 
public services and public goods.  The key to achieving a 
balance, he continued, is a system evaluating and supervising 
local officials that provides carrots and sticks for government 
to create this balance.  Zhou gave an example of views toward 
achieving targets in reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions.  In 
the past, the view was that development should be "both fast and 
good," (you kuai, you hao), but this formulation has now been 
reversed, as part of the goal of a harmonious society, to having 
"both good and fast" development (you hao, you kuai), implying 
it is more important to have balanced development than simply 
rapid growth.  Today, according to Zhou, officials are taught 
development should not take place at the expense of the 
environment. 
 
8.  (C) Separately, Wang said the Sichuan Organization 
Department was instructed by Beijing to study how to 
"systematize" the implementation of democratic centralism in 
Sichuan.  He opined it was necessary to carry out consultations 
inside and outside the Party during the process of choosing 
provincial bureau (ting) and prefecture-level Party secretaries 
(formally done by party congresses).  Wang also said that a key 
part of democratic centralism was spreading out policy-making 
powers.  Wang noted that the head of the Sichuan Propaganda 
Department had recently issued directions for Party bodies in 
Sichuan to be more open and transparent in their operations. 
 
Democratic Experiments at the Local Level 
----------------------------------------- 
9.  (C) When asked about reform of the institution of the 
"secretaries working meeting" (shuji bangonghui) in Sichuan, 
Wang replied the meeting went away "naturally" at the county 
level when the number of party deputy secretaries was reduced 
from 6-10 to only two.  (Note:  The "secretaries working 
meeting" was a decision-making body at the sub-provincial level 
made up of the party secretary and the deputy party secretaries 
of an organization or government which was regularly used to 
circumvent, and often render irrelevant, the approved 
decision-making bodies of the party committee and the party 
standing committee.  End Note.)  The representative nature of 
party committees (quan wei hui) is also broader, Wang said.  For 
example, county-level party committees now meet every four 
months on a fixed schedule, as opposed to the previous practice 
of once or twice a year, and will also meet on an ad hoc basis 
to meet particular needs.  This reform, however, has not yet 
reached the prefecture level (one level above the county).  The 
party standing committee meets more frequently than the party 
committee. 
 
Is Democracy a Good Thing? 
-------------------------- 
10.  (C) When asked if he had an opinion on the controversial 
book "Democracy Is a Good Thing" by Beijing scholar Yu Keping, 
Zhou claimed he had not heard of it (Reftel). He instead 
commented on the recent Chinese television program, "The Rise of 
Great Nations."  He noted the show had developed out of a 2003 
Politburo study session on the topic and said that he drew two 
basic messages from the show.  First, democratic systems only 
function successfully under strong federal systems.  He noted 
that the weak American federal government in the nineteenth 
 
CHENGDU 00000031  003 OF 004 
 
 
century had led to the Civil War.  Second, he opined that 
European social democracy was successful because it was able to 
effectively provide social goods to the populace.  In general, 
Zhou concluded, only slightly tongue in cheek, that the show 
demonstrated democracy was a good thing and that, without 
democracy, there could be no socialism.  In response to a 
question on the debate over efficiency versus fairness, Zhou 
responded that the lesson of the European socialist model was 
that the combination of increased wealth and increased equality 
led to increased economic efficiency. 
 
Training for Cadres:  Service, Law and Management 
--------------------------------------------- ----- 
11.  (C) Xiao, Director of the Training Department at the 
Sichuan Party School, described the recently initiated five-year 
plan for the curricula of the linked Sichuan Provincial Party 
School and School of Administration.  The Party School 
emphasizes theory and improvement of cadres' governing 
abilities, and the School of Administration focuses on practical 
management techniques.  The three principle course areas for the 
students -- most of whom are county or deputy county heads or 
hold equivalent ranks as department directors or vice directors 
-- are 1) public servant awareness (gongpu yishi), 2) legal 
administration (yifa xingzheng), and 3) management (guanli). 
 
12. (C) Xiao listed several current courses offered to county 
and department-level officials in a typical two-month training 
course:  "Basic Theory and Practical Knowledge," "Law and the 
Administrative Approval Process," "Modern Management," "History 
and Cultural Experience," (including teaching Laozi and Tang 
Dynasty poetry) and "Basic Skills."   Xiao described the last 
course's goals of teaching social surveying and reporting 
skills.  Part of the class entails having students conduct 
one-week on-site surveys of developed areas in Eastern China and 
underdeveloped areas in Western China.  Xiao added that the 
curriculum included 33 topics on Harmonious Society, including, 
among others, social development (health and education), 
minority policy and social management.  The school will begin to 
use case studies as a teaching tool this year. 
 
13.  (C) In response to a question on whether Party members' 
attitudes were changing, Director Zhou responded that they now 
focused more on practicality (shiyong zhuyi) as opposed to 
idealism (lixiang zhuyi), and that this was a positive 
evolution.  However, he did note that the members' level of 
ideological sophistication was somewhat lacking compared with 
cadres of his generation (Zhou appeared to be in his late 50s or 
early 60s).  Separately, Wang of the Organization Department 
noted that training is no longer limited to a Party focus, but 
rather strives to work on relationships with elements outside 
the Party and to deal with the many economic disparities and 
"contradictions" currently facing Chinese society.  He also 
emphasized the flexible and multi-faceted nature of current 
training, and echoed Zhou's description of an integration of 
practice and theory.  As an example, he stressed the need to 
adapt Western theories of governance to China's conditions, and 
highlighted internships for government employees in the United 
States and Europe that include both a study and work aspect. 
(Note: The Sichuan Organization Department annually sends three 
groups of students to Minnesota to study public management and 
intern at local Minnesota government offices. End Note.) 
 
14.  (C) At the village level, 500,000 leaders were trained 
nationally in 2006, according to Wang, completing planned 
training for all village heads.  Wang said he had personally 
trained the village heads in Sichuan.  A similar plan to train 
all county leaders would be completed by the end of 2008.  The 
funding for this training came only from the provincial level 
and below.  In general, new county heads and Party secretaries 
receive between three weeks and three months of training soon 
after they are promoted.  Other officials attend training 
classes in Sichuan in order to meet a requirement to receive 
training at least once every five years.  At the provincial 
department (ting) level, Sichuan sends approximately 20-30 
cadres each year to Beijing for central training.  Wang added 
that their training schedule has accelerated in the last year 
because of the large turnover in personnel tied to the ongoing 
election of new party congresses and people's congresses at the 
provincial and local levels. 
 
Evaluation of Cadres 
-------------------- 
 
CHENGDU 00000031  004 OF 004 
 
 
15.  (C) Zhou said Sichuan had not started modifying its system 
of evaluating local officials (kaohe tixi) to reflect the new 
socioeconomic goals outlined under Harmonious Society, but he 
noted that other provinces had begun to do so.  Zhou pointed out 
that his school offered an entire class on how to evaluate 
government work, and he argued that proper supervision of 
government work aimed at providing services to the public was 
more important than centralizing administrative authority. 
 
16.  (C) Wang was more forthcoming with details of how the 
system was being revised, noting that pilot projects had been 
carried out in 2006, but that no set standards had yet been 
established in Sichuan.  He added that standards would 
inevitably differ to some extent within the province based on 
regional characteristics.  Among the standards currently being 
used or under consideration, he listed employment, environmental 
protection, mode of production, efficiency of growth, social 
issues (health, poverty, education), and the management of 
taxation as specific factors considered in the evaluation 
process.  He stressed that the emphasis of the new standards 
would be on meeting the concerns of ordinary citizens. 
 
17.  (C) Wang also explained that public opinion surveys were a 
mandatory part of the evaluation process for all officials below 
the provincial level who were up for promotion.  He described 
three methods that local governments in Sichuan were currently 
using to assess "public" opinion about particular officials:  1. 
Anonymous voting by local non-Party bodies sanctioned by the 
United Front Work Department, e.g., local people's congresses, 
local people's political consultative conferences, and local 
representatives from the approved "democratic parties;" 2. 
Internet polls on government websites; 3. Advertisements by 
local governments soliciting comments from citizens. In response 
to a question, Wang said the most important change from the old 
evaluation system was that there was no longer an overriding 
emphasis on just one number: GDP. Now, people's livelihoods, 
unemployment and gaps in development were being considered, 
though GDP growth would still be important. 
 
Unresponsive on implementation details 
---------------------------------------- 
18.  (C) Zhou was unwilling or unable to respond to questions on 
structural reforms or leadership changes that could have an 
impact on Harmonious Society.  He was reluctant to answer 
questions on changes to local government budget authority, and 
asserted the Party School had not done research on the topic. 
He did not indicate that there had been any experiments in 
Sichuan on reforming local government budgetary processes.  When 
questioned about new Sichuan Party Secretary Du Qinglin's role 
in the province and whether he was assigned to implement 
Harmonious Society, Director Zhou was unwilling to comment.  In 
response to a question, Wang said he did not view one of the 
goals of Harmonious Society as controlling the power of local 
Party secretaries. 
 
19.  (C) Zhou also ducked a question on the relationship of 
people's democracy to inner-Party democracy, though he did note 
the importance of the latter in the Party's political 
development.  Instead, he wanted to focus on recent inner-Party 
reform pilot projects that have been successful in Sichuan, such 
as the Standing Committee system (changrenzhi) for local Party 
congresses and the system of "open nomination, open selection" 
(gongtui gongxuan) of government/Party officials.  He noted that 
the Party school was now teaching a class on "open nomination, 
open selection."  Wang also discussed these pilots, noting that 
the changrenzhi pilot carried out in Ya'an had still not been 
fully evaluated by the Party. 
 
Comment 
-------- 
20.  (C) Sichuan Province appears to be moving forward slowly on 
implementing the Harmonious Society concept.  Sichuan Party 
School leaders were unwilling or unable to comment on ongoing 
Harmonious Society debates, perhaps reflecting their own 
confusion about the specifics of the policy and how it should be 
executed.  The fact that Sichuan has opened "implementation 
offices" (tuijin ban) to carry out the New Socialist Countryside 
policy may indicate increased bureaucratic muscle behind 
implementation of the directive. 
BOUGHNER