VZCZCXYZ0016
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHDR #1059/01 1781239
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 271239Z JUN 06
FM AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 4230

UNCLAS DAR ES SALAAM 001059 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
S/VCI FOR HHEINTZELMAN AND KWALKIN, AF/E FOR BYODER 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PHARM UNGA CDG NPT IAEA CWC OPCW
SUBJECT: COMPLIANCE DIPLOMACY VISIT TO DAR ES SALAAM: DR. 
CHRISTOPHER A. FORD, PDAS/VCI 
 
¶1. (U)  SUMMARY:  VCI/PDAS Ford and his VCI team visited Dar 
es Salaam June 19-23, 2006, to hold compliance diplomacy 
discussions with key host country interlocutors and embassy 
staff on the U. S. approach to verification, compliance 
assessment, and compliance enforcement of arms control, 
nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements and commitments 
related to WMD and missiles.  Dar es Salaam was the first 
stop on his compliance diplomacy tour that will include 
Pretoria, Accra, and Banjul.  In Banjul, he will attend the 
African Union (AU) Summit meeting where he will meet with 
officials from as many additional African states as 
scheduling permits.  He is emphasizing those states that have 
seats on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) or those 
that are, or could be, important regional voices on 
nonproliferation issues. 
 
¶2. (U)  All meetings in Dar es Salaam were positive, with 
officials indicating they agreed that U.S.-Tanzanian 
relations were at a very good point (and improving), 
understood the U.S. views on compliance policy issues, and 
looked forward to working with the U.S. to improve 
cooperation and coordination in such matters.  They also 
expressed their appreciation for the United States, interest 
in whether Tanzania had any need for U.S. assistance with 
compliance-related issues.  In this regard, the Defense 
Minister specifically requested U.S. help with drafting 
implementing legislation for the Chemical Weapons Convention 
(CWC).  MFA officials echoed that need.  Officials from the 
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology also 
noted that they would be interested in more specifically 
bilateral (as opposed to IAEA) assistance on nuclear-related 
issues, especially in the areas of nuclear safety and 
security.  END SUMMARY. 
 
DISCUSSION 
 
¶3. (U)  Meetings were held with Ministers and with senior 
officials at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (twice), 
Ministry of Defense and National Service, Ministry of Higher 
Education, Science and Technology, and the President,s 
Office.  Discussions on the Tanzanian side were led by the 
Minister, or the most senior official present.  It should be 
noted that the Tanzanians viewed the meetings as important 
and in spite of the fact that Parliament was meeting in 
another city (Dodoma), Minister of Defense Kapuya and other- 
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¶4. (U)  At all meetings the PDAS and the delegation opened 
discussions by emphasizing that this compliance diplomacy 
visit was not a criticism of Tanzanian compliance with its 
arms control and nonproliferation treaty obligations, but 
rather a recognition of Tanzania,s commitment to good 
international citizenship in trying to implement internal 
compliance policies vis-a-vis the Nuclear Non-Proliferation 
Treaty (NPT), e.g., bringing into force the Additional 
Protocol, implementing the Convention on the Physical 
Protection of Nuclear Materials, moving forward with 
declarations and other steps under the CWC, and subscribing 
to the Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC) on missile proliferation. 
 The delegation said that Tanzania,s good example in these 
respects helped make it a model for other States, 
particularly its African neighbors, and provided a good 
foundation upon which to build a closer cooperative 
relationship in developing and implementing compliance 
policies in the multilateral arena, i.e., working together 
better to ensure that nonproliferation regimes successfully 
address the compliance challenges that confront them today. 
Such successful cooperation, the U.S. representatives told 
the Tanzanians, was the key to ensuring that nonproliferation 
regimes yielded their intended benefits to all parties. 
 
¶5. (U)  The Tanzanians, for their part, all emphasized that 
they were a poor nation that did not possess missiles or WMD 
and had as its primary concerns improving the economic and 
energy situation and eliminating poverty.  Nevertheless, they 
stressed their commitment to and successes in complying with 
nonproliferation regimes, and welcomed the prospect of 
working more closely with the United States, both 
internationally and (in particular) with regard to U.S. 
assistance in capacity-building in Tanzania.  Initially, most 
officials seemed concerned that the purpose of the trip was 
to chastise them for some compliance shortfall or to raise 
concerns about a potential WMD program, but warmed markedly 
when it became clear that the U.S. delegation instead sought 
to initiate an ongoing dialogue on compliance policy issues. 
All meetings included broad discussions of the role of 
compliance policy in preserving the integrity of 
 
nonproliferation regimes and in ensuring that all States 
Party obtain the security and other benefits of such regimes, 
and of the need for effective multilateral cooperation in 
meeting contemporary compliance challenges. 
 
¶6. (U)  The U.S. delegation emphasized that all States Party 
bear a responsibility in this regard, and that all nations 
can contribute to verification efforts and the development of 
sound compliance policy in some way or another.  Countries 
such as Tanzania, for example, serve as role models for 
internal compliance and credible voices in international fora 
in support of collective compliance policy efforts to return 
violators to compliance and deter future would-be 
proliferators.  (The U.S. delegation provided the Tanzanians 
with copies of VCI Bureau compliance fact sheets, relevant 
papers, and the unclassified NCR for 2002-3 in both CD-ROM 
and hard copy format.)  The Tanzanians expressed interest in 
working together more closely in these regards, but stressed 
that they have few resources.  All meetings included 
Tanzanian expressions of interest in U.S. assistance for 
capacity-building and domestic compliance assistance. 
 
¶7. (U)  In a meeting with members of the U.S. delegation 
prior to Ford,s arrival, Ambassador Mulamula, head of the 
Multilateral Division of the MFA observed that during 
Tanzania,s tenure on the UNSC, it had noted that there were 
differences of opinion in relation to nonproliferation and 
disarmament issues between developed and less-developed 
countries, and between nuclear possessor states and those 
that were non-possessors.  She said Tanzania hoped that 
common ground could be achieved.  She was especially hopeful 
that nations would properly respond to the obligations under 
UNSCR 1540.  The U.S. delegation indicated that the United 
States stood ready to assist nations in meeting all their 
compliance obligations, noting in particular the example of 
U.S. help for Libya vis-a-vis the CWC and other WMD-related 
agreements.  Mulamula and MFA Acting Legal Advisor Caroline 
Kitana said that Tanzania was not sure how to approach the 
challenge of adopting proper legal procedures for CWC 
compliance, and would benefit from U.S. help.  Mulamula also 
indicated that Tanzania intended to ratify the Biological 
Weapons Convention (BWC).  The Tanzanians voiced some 
concerns regarding U.S. compliance with Article VI of the 
NPT.  The U.S. delegation responded that the United States 
took its Article VI obligations seriously and had an 
excellent record in that respect, that other nations had 
Article VI obligations and that this issue should not 
distract countries from the Article II challenges existing 
today.  In response, Mulamula said she had also raised the 
issue with the UK and observed that more U.S. transparency on 
Article VI issues would be beneficial.  In discussing the 
NPT, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and Iran, 
Mulamula said that she did not understand why the IAEA was 
not more willing, as a technical agency, to "take a stand" 
against noncompliance. 
 
¶8. (U)  In meetings with the MFA, Ministry of Defense and 
National Service, and the Ministry of Higher Education, 
Science, and Technology, multiple Tanzanian officials 
indicated that they would like to obtain capacity-building 
assistance (or, in cases in which assistance efforts 
currently exist, greater assistance) in several areas 
including development of CWC-implementing legislation and 
declarations, control of small arms/light weapons (SA/LW), 
radiation detection equipment to deal with nuclear materials 
traffic, export controls, combating WMD terrorism, and 
radiation detection equipment to deal with nuclear materials 
traffic.  The Minister of Defense and officials from the 
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology both 
stressed that Tanzania had discovered incidents of illicit 
nuclear materials trafficking, the latter officials saying 
that ten (10) such incidents had occurred, and the Minister 
of Defense stressing one incident in particular, and 
recognized the danger of such trade and its potential nexus 
with terrorism.  They also expressed concern about potential 
dangers to Tanzanian first-responders (e.g., investigators, 
customs officials, and police) from nuclear trafficking. 
 
¶9. (U)  Minister of Defense Kapuya was especially interested 
in the prospect of U.S. assistance for Tanzania,s compliance 
with CWC obligations, for which his Ministry is now 
responsible.  Officials present at the Ministry of Defense 
meeting also included the Tanzanian colonel designated to 
serve as the government,s interim National Authority for CWC 
issues.  This officer indicated privately that his military 
counterpart for nuclear issues would also be interested in 
working more closely with the United States.  Minister Kapuya 
requested that the U.S. provide any model legislation that 
Tanzania could use in preparing its national implementing 
legislation for the CWC.   (Mulamula had made a similar 
request, suggesting that such assistance would facilitate 
 
their efforts to engage parliament on this issue.) 
 
¶10. (U)  In discussions with the Ministries of Defense and 
National Service and Higher Education, Science, and 
Technology, Tanzanian comments alluded to their hope, at some 
point in the future, for cooperation on nuclear technology 
including nuclear power generation and the disposal of 
nuclear waste.  Ruth H. Mollel, Permanent Secretary for 
Public Service Management in the President,s Office and an 
official reportedly very close to President Kikwete, also 
pointedly noted that Tanzania has "uranium, lots of it," and 
multiple officials noted Tanzania,s great need for 
affordable energy. 
 
¶11. (U)  PDAS Ford said that he welcomed Tanzania,s interest 
in assistance in capacity-building related to compliance and 
nonproliferation-related issues, and described various 
efforts that exist (e.g., for help with CWC declarations and 
legislation, export control, SA/LW destruction, WMD 
Terrorism-related capacity-building, and nuclear materials 
security).  He said he and the post would work to ensure that 
all such requests for additional assistance were passed along 
to the appropriate USG office. 
 
COMPLIANCY DIPLOMACY PARTICIPANTS 
 
¶12. (U) The U.S. delegation, led by VCI Bureau PDAS Dr. 
Christopher Ford, consisted of VCI Senior Advisor for 
Noncompliance Harry Heintzelman, VCI Regional Coordinator for 
Africa Karolina Walkin, and VCI/CCA Physical Science Officer 
and Tanzania coordinator Dr. Donald Clagett.  U.S. Embassy 
Dar es Salaam was represented by Maureen Latour, Political 
Officer. 
 
¶13.  (U)  Tanzanian officers and officials with whom 
discussions in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) 
included: Ambassador Charles Mutalemwa, Permanent Secretary 
(PS); Ambassador Liberata Mulamula, Head of the Multilateral 
Division; Caroline Kitana, Head of the Legal Affairs Unit; 
Adadi Rajab, former Director of Criminal Investigation; and 
Deus Boniface Kaganda, UN Desk Officer. 
 
¶14. (U)  Discussions with the Ministry of Defense and 
National Service included: Minister of Defense Juma Kapuya; 
¶M. S. Msongo, Advisor; Maj. Gen. A.Shimbo, Chief of Military 
Intelligence; Brig. Gen. A. L. Mbowe, Acting Commissioner of 
Policy and Planning; Col. X. S. Mapunda, HQ Staff Officer; 
and Col. C. N. Muzanila, Chief of Staff and Acting Director 
of Military Personnel. 
 
¶15. (U)  Discussions with the Ministry of Higher Education, 
Science and Technology included: Celestine Gesimba, Director 
of Policy and Planning; Titus Mteleka, Assistant Permanent 
Secretary (PS) and Director of Science and Technology; 
 
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Abraham Nyanda, Director of the Atomic Energy Commission; 
Margareth M. Komba, Senior Science and Technology Management 
Officer; and Ms Mkaula, Science and Technology Officer. 
 
¶16. (U)  Discussions with the Office of the President 
included: Ruth H. Mollel, Permanent Secretary for Public 
Service Management; George Yambesi, Deputy Permanent 
Secretary; Emmanuel Mlay, Assistant Director, Establishment; 
 
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and Dr. Issa, Director of Human Resource Development. 
 
¶17. (U)  Tanzanians who attended the DCM-hosted reception 
included:  Liberata Mulamula, Caroline Kitana, and America 
Desk Officers Yusuph Mndolwa and Hemed Mgaza of the MFA; 
Minister of Defense Kapuya; Director of the Centre for 
Foreign Relations Professor Abillah Omari; and Titus Mteleka, 
Assistant Permanent Secretary (PS) and Director of Science 
and Technology. 
WHITE