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Viewing cable 06NAIROBI2089, HORN OF AFRICA, STATE - USAID HUMANITARIAN

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06NAIROBI2089 2006-05-12 09:23 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Nairobi
VZCZCXYZ0008
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHNR #2089/01 1320923
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 120923Z MAY 06
FM AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 1658
RUEHDS/AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA PRIORITY 8517
RUEHDJ/AMEMBASSY DJIBOUTI PRIORITY 4190
INFO RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA PRIORITY 3925
RUEHXR/RWANDA COLLECTIVE
UNCLAS NAIROBI 002089 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT HHS WASHDC PRIORITY 
 
CDC ATLANTA GA PRIORITY 
USCENTCOM MACDILL AFB FL PRIORITY 
CJTF HOA PRIORITY 
DEPT OF AGRICULTURE WASHDC PRIORITY 
USDA FAS WASHDC PRIORITY 
 
AIDAC 
 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR AF/E, AF/EPS, AF/PD, EB, PRM/AF, IO 
AID FOR A/AID, AA/DCHA, WGARVELINK, LROGERS, MHESS, 
DCHA/OTI 
DCHA/OFDA FOR GGOTTLIEB, PMORRIS, CGOTTSCHALK, 
KCHANNELL 
DCHA/FFP FOR JDWORKEN, JDRUMMOND, TANDERSON, DNELSON 
DCHA/PPM FOR SBRADLEY 
AID/EGAT FOR AA/EGAT, JSCHAFER, JTURK 
AFR/EA FOR JBORNS, SMCCLURE 
ADDIS ABABA FOR TIM STUFFT 
DJIBOUTI FOR JSCHULMAN 
ROME FOR FODAG 
GENEVA FOR NKYLOH 
BRUSSELS FOR PLERNER 
NSC FOR JMELINE, TSHORTLEY 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EAID ECON PHUM PREF PREL IGAD CENTCOM KE
SO, DY, ET 
SUBJECT:  HORN OF AFRICA, STATE - USAID HUMANITARIAN 
UPDATE NUMBER 6 
 
REF: A)STATE 27057; B)NAIROBI 00968; C)NAIROBI 01238 
 
D) NAIROBI 01445  E)NAIROBI 01652F) NAIROBI 01850 
 
This is the sixth update cable in response to Ref A 
request for biweekly reports on the humanitarian 
situation in the Horn of Africa.  USAID Missions in 
Kenya and Ethiopia, REDSO (Somalia, Djibouti), and 
OFDA/ECARO contributed to this report. 
 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
 
1.  In Kenya, initial projections are that the long 
rains maize harvest will be approximately 25 percent 
higher than the average.  Rapid assessments in three 
districts indicate a worsening food security situation 
and food aid beneficiary numbers increased by 81,000. 
In Ethiopia, the outlook for the region is poor and 
conditions are expected to deteriorate further, with 
significant relief not expected until the next long 
season rains in March/April 2007.  In Somalia, heavy 
rains continued in the drought affected areas.  The 
food security situation remains precarious and 
malnutrition rates remain well above the emergency 
threshold levels.  Although rains have improved the 
situation, severe erosion of livelihood assets and 
destitution is evident and the recovery process will 
take several more months.  It is likely that more 
families will cross the border into Kenya in coming 
months.  In Djibouti, water interventions remain 
limited and high fuel prices are driving up the cost of 
food, making it unaffordable to the poor. 
 
 
COUNTRY REPORTS 
 
2.  KENYA 
 
UPDATE ON THE HUMANITARIAN/DIPLOMATIC FRONT:  Normal 
and above normal rains reached much of the country 
during the first week of May, including most drought- 
affected areas signifying enhanced prospects for 
recovery.  According to the Arid Lands Resource 
Management Project (ALRMP), April rains resulted in 
regeneration of vegetation, particularly browse, and 
improved water availability in most pastoral districts. 
However, heavy downpours in coastal, lakeshore, and 
localized pastoral areas presented negative effects, 
including destroyed crops, population displacement, 
delayed food distribution, and increased risk of 
diseases, such as malaria, diarrhea, and measles among 
the human population and pneumonia among the livestock 
population. 
 
UPDATE ON THE FOOD SECURITY SITUATION AND OUTLOOK: 
Prospects for a good long-rains crop harvest are high 
following the favorable rains in key growing areas of 
western, central, southeastern, and southwestern Kenya. 
Initial projections by the Ministry of Agriculture 
indicate that the 2006 long rains maize harvest will be 
approximately 25 percent higher than the average output 
of 2.18 million metric tons (MT). 
The livestock market has also responded to the improved 
forage and water conditions as prices have increased in 
various pastoral districts by wide margins, ranging 
between 20-33 percent.  Prices had dropped dramatically 
during the drought due to poor animal conditions and 
increased supply on the market. 
 
In late March, the Government of Kenya's (GOK) Ministry 
of Health (MOH) and the U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) 
carried out a joint nutritional assessment in Mandera, 
Marsabit, Moyale, and Samburu districts.  Preliminary 
findings reveal high rates of malnutrition among 
children under five years of age.  Stunting rates in 
Samburu and Marsabit are reported to be 23.5 and 21.7 
percent respectively.  The MOH and UNICEF attribute the 
observed high rates of malnutrition to extended periods 
of under nutrition, poor health status, and lack of an 
integrated response to food insecurity and 
malnutrition. 
 
Rapid assessments carried out by District Steering 
Groups (DSGs) in Garissa, Mwingi, and Turkana pastoral 
districts revealed a worsening food security situation. 
Subsequently, the Kenya Food Security Steering Group 
(KFSSG) approved an increase in beneficiary numbers in 
all three districts by an additional 81,000.  With this 
and previous additions, the total number of 
beneficiaries under the GOK and U.N. World Food Program 
(WFP) Emergency Operation (EMOP) currently stands at 
3.6 million. 
 
From May 9 to 10, a USAID/OFDA team, accompanied by 
International Medical Corps (IMC) staff, traveled to 
Samburu District to assess humanitarian conditions, 
following reports of high malnutrition rates in the 
district.  Rains have fallen in the district, although 
in varying intensity and in scattered locations. 
According to IMC, malnutrition increased dramatically 
during the drought and has stabilized at high rates 
since the rains began.  Regular availability and access 
to water remains a key concern.  The ALRMP district 
office reports that only 50 percent of the 40 boreholes 
in the district are currently operational and people 
are walking up to 20 kilometers to fetch water, even 
during the rainy season.  USAID/OFDA is reviewing a 
proposal by IMC to carry out emergency water and 
nutrition interventions in the district. 
 
OTHER TOPICS OF SPECIAL INTEREST:  From April 29 to May 
6, the MOH, in concert with UNICEF and the U.N. World 
Health Organization (WHO), conducted a measles 
immunization campaign in 16 high-risk districts 
throughout the country, including Mandera, Wajir, and 
Garissa.  During the campaign, children were provided 
with Vitamin A supplements and polio vaccines.  A 
second phase of the campaign is scheduled for June and 
will cover the remaining districts.   In 2006, 
USAID/OFDA provided USD 350,000 to UNICEF to carry out 
emergency nutrition and health interventions. 
 
3.  ETHIOPIA 
UPDATE ON THE HUMANITARIAN/DIPLOMATIC FRONT: 
USAID/OFDA continues to prioritize emergency 
interventions in pastoralist areas.  To augment 
coordination activities and identify gaps in current 
response efforts, USAID/OFDA is deploying a Geographic 
Information Systems (GIS) Officer to join the 
 
assessment team in the Horn of Africa.  The GIS 
Coordinator will spend several days in Nairobi before 
arriving in Addis Ababa, and will provide GIS and 
information management support for the regional 
response, meeting with representatives of U.N. agencies 
and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).  In 
addition, USAID/OFDA is working with USAID/Ethiopia, 
recently arrived USAID Safety and Security Officer, and 
the U.S. Embassy Regional Security Officer to assess 
the security situation and establish a field office in 
Somali Region. 
 
Pastoralist Livelihoods Initiative (PLI) partners 
continue to implement already approved emergency 
response activities.  Support to commercial off-take of 
animals, via revolving funds, will continue until the 
end of May 2006. PLI partners are conducting short 
impact assessments of emergency response interventions 
for lessons learned. 
 
PLI partners are now focusing more on development-type 
activities left behind after the rapid and efficient 
switch to an emergency response mode.  Partners are now 
conducting animal feed studies, rehabilitation and 
construction of livestock market infrastructure, and 
training and technical assistance to community animal 
health workers.  The value chain study was finalized 
and distributed. 
 
USAID has sent the Ethiopian Government?s Ministry of 
Agriculture and Rural Development (MoARD), which is the 
Chair of the PLI Steering Committee, work plans of 
upcoming activities: 
 
a. Guidelines for the presentation of proposals for 
capacity building of federal, regional, and local 
governments.  This USD 2 million activity will 
complement work currently undertaken by PLI NGO 
partners in the field. 
 
b. U.S. Forestry Service annual work plan to be 
implemented with federal and regional governments, as 
well as PLI NGO partners in support of rangeland 
rehabilitation and management.  This activity is worth 
approximately USD 350,000. 
 
DPPA/WFP PIPELINE AND DONOR RESPONSE UPDATE:  As of May 
4, the Government of Ethiopia's Disaster Preparedness 
and Prevention Agency (DPPA) has reported 83 percent 
and 90 percent of food allocations were dispatched for 
Somali Region for February and March respectively.  The 
reported dispatches for Oromiya Region are slightly 
higher at 96 and 98 percent for February and March. 
Concerns remain about the proportion of dispatched food 
that is distributed to beneficiaries, but WFP and NGOs 
are redoubling efforts to assist the government in this 
regard. 
 
Despite significant attention from the Government and 
donors, as well as near average rainfall in the western 
and northern zones of Somali Region in April, food 
security in the affected areas remains precarious. 
Although government re-assessment of needs in pastoral 
areas led to an increase in beneficiary numbers, recent 
rainfall and the prospect of improved water and pasture 
conditions led the government to reverse the decision 
to increase the number of food aid recipients. 
Moreover, food aid shortfalls are expected to increase 
from July onwards, causing serious concern for drought- 
affected pastoralists. 
 
UPDATE ON FOOD SECURITY SITUATION AND OUTLOOK: 
According to the USAID-supported Famine Early Warning 
System Network (FEWS NET), current rains have been near 
normal in Borena Zone, Oromiya Region, and the western 
part of Somali Region, leading to suspension of water 
tankering activities.  However, rains have been below 
normal in the eastern part of Somali Region.  Based on 
satellite and field information, FEWS NET suggests that 
the outlook for the region is poor and conditions are 
likely to deteriorate further, with significant relief 
not expected until the next long season rains in 
March/April 2007. 
 
4.  SOMALIA 
 
UPDATE ON THE HUMANITARIAN/DIPLOMATIC FRONT:  According 
to FEWS NET, heavy rains continue in the drought- 
affected areas of Southern Somalia.  Water supply for 
both humans and livestock has dramatically improved in 
all of Somalia, prompting large migrations of 
pastoralists from riverine and farming areas into 
traditional grazing areas in the hinterland.  FEWS NET 
reports that if rains continue to fall in the upper 
catchments of the Juba and Shabelle river basins in the 
Ethiopian Highlands, flooding in Juba and Shabelle 
valleys is likely.  Heavy rains in the south have 
resulted in the death of already weakened animals, 
further eroding household assets.  Food security 
analysts continue to emphasize it is too early to make 
a prediction on the current rainy season, called the Gu 
season, until mid to late May. 
 
FOOD SECURITY SITUATION:  According to USAID-supported 
Food Security Analysis Unit (FSAU), food security 
situation of the drought-affected populations in Gedo, 
Juba Valley, Bay, and Bakool regions remains 
precarious.  Although rains have improved the 
situation, severe erosion of productive assets and 
destitution are still evident in many parts of Gedo and 
Middle Juba regions.  Due to the negative impact of the 
drought on livestock, particularly cattle, it is 
unlikely that pastoralists will have access to 
livestock products, such as milk and ghee, for several 
months.  Recovery will take several more months even 
with good rains.  According to FEWS NET, increased 
destitution, inability to access food and income, and 
increased insecurity have forced over 1,500 people to 
out-migrate from drought-affected communities in 
southern Somalia into northeastern Kenya.  Given the 
rapidly deteriorating food security situation in 
southern Somalia more families will likely cross the 
border in coming months. 
 
FOOD PIPELINE UPDATE:  Fighting in Mogadishu has not 
impeded shipments of food aid.  Three shipments arrived 
in Somali ports during the current round of fighting. 
Due to the practice of utilizing Somali transporters 
for shipping and ground transport, no problems have 
been reported.  The largest shipment of 7,500 MT 
successfully docked in Merka port on May 10, and is 
unloading.  Another shipment of 3,100 MT has docked in 
Kismayo port and a shipment of 2,400 MT is scheduled 
for arrival at El Ma?an port on May 13, and will be 
diverted to Kismayo, if necessary. 
 
WFP established an air operation to deliver food to 
areas affected by heavy rains.  Somali transporters are 
refusing to transport in parts of Gedo, Lower Juba, and 
Middle Juba regions where roads are inaccessible.  WFP 
has requested USD 900,000 to begin the operation to 
transport approximately 2,160 MT of food. The cost is 
approximately triple the price of moving these same 
commodities by land.  The total operation, valued at 
USD 4 million, seeks to transport 7,000 MT of food by 
air out of a total of 20,800 MT planned for the next 
distribution. 
 
According to FEWS NET, prices of sorghum and maize are 
increasing in most of the reference markets, 
particularly in drought-affected pastoral, agro- 
pastoral, and riverine areas.  Compared to the same 
month last year, prices of maize and sorghum in 
Shabelle Valley are 12 and 14 percent higher, while in 
Juba Valley cereal prices within the same period are 
much higher.  In Gedo, Bakool, and Bay regions, where 
humanitarian agencies intensified drought intervention 
programs, cereal prices showed a decreasing trend.  In 
Gedo Region, cereal prices decreased 20 to 50 percent, 
while in parts of Bakool Region, maize prices decreased 
by more than 50 percent over the last two months. 
Although decreasing prices will likely improve food 
access, prices are still higher than normal for this 
time of year. 
 
5.  DJIBOUTI 
 
UPDATE ON THE FOOD SECURITY SITUATION AND OUTLOOK: 
According to FEWS/NET the food security situation in 
most of pastoral livelihood zones is improving due to 
recent rains, but full recovery will require more time 
and continuous good seasons. 
 
The humanitarian emergency food distributions currently 
underway by several agencies, including Kuwait Relief 
Agency, Islamic Development Bank, and WFP, has helped 
the current food security situation to move out of the 
emergency mode.  However, water interventions remain 
limited.  Reports indicate that nutritional sentinel 
sites will soon be established to monitor the 
 
nutritional status of most vulnerable groups.  Milk 
production is expected to improve in several livelihood 
zones which in turn will have a positive effect on the 
malnutrition of children.  In addition to emergency 
food aid, WFP is carrying out school feeding and food 
for work programs. 
 
The recent increase in fuel price has impacted the 
national economy and is negatively affecting the local 
transport sector.  FEWS/NET reports that staple food 
prices remain high, as 100 percent of the food are 
imported, resulting in decreased access among poor 
urban and pastoral communities. 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
6.   Although continued rains have improved 
humanitarian conditions in the region, the situation 
requires constant monitoring on a case-by-case basis. 
 
BELLAMY