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Viewing cable 06BEIJING8115, HISTORIAN STRIKES BACK AT CONTROVERSIAL "FREEZING

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06BEIJING8115 2006-04-28 11:08 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Beijing
VZCZCXRO8028
OO RUEHCN RUEHGH
DE RUEHBJ #8115/01 1181108
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
O 281108Z APR 06
FM AMEMBASSY BEIJING
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4182
INFO RUEHOO/CHINA POSTS COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 03 BEIJING 008115 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 04/28/2031 
TAGS: PGOV PHUM KCUL SOCI CH
SUBJECT: HISTORIAN STRIKES BACK AT CONTROVERSIAL "FREEZING 
POINT"  ESSAY 
 
REF: A. BEIJING 3744 
     B. 05 BEIJING 15837 
 
Classified By: Classified by Acting Political Section Internal Unit 
Chief Susan Thornton.  Reasons 1.4 (b/d). 
 
Summary 
------- 
 
1.  (C) The recent rebuttal by Zhongshan University 
Professor Yuan Weishi, who wrote the article that 
spurred censors to suspend China Youth Daily's 
provocative Freezing Point insert in January (ref A), 
is causing a stir among Beijing's elite.  Yuan's 
latest effort is a detailed refutation of a rival 
scholar's lengthy criticism of Yuan's article that 
appeared in the revived Freezing Point's maiden 
edition on March 1.  Contacts said Yuan offered the 
article to Freezing Point first, but the supplement's 
new editorial board refused to publish it.  The 
decision has done little to keep the article out of 
circulation, however.  Dozens of Mainland and overseas 
Chinese web logs have posted it and former Freezing 
Point editor Li Datong and other intellectuals are e- 
mailing it widely.  The text's assertions about 
official histories of the Boxer Rebellion and the 
Second Opium War have fueled discussion in scholarly 
circles about the dangers of the Government's refusal 
to reassess its historical depiction of China as a 
victim of foreign aggression.  The Government is more 
attuned, however, to the dangers posed by reopening 
historical questions and will likely continue to limit 
such discussions.  End Summary. 
 
Dueling Scholars 
---------------- 
 
2.  (C) Yuan Weishi is a renowned historian at 
Guangzhou's Zhongshan University who authored the 
controversial article questioning the official Chinese 
history of the Boxer Rebellion that was the immediate 
pretext for suspension of China Youth Daily's popular 
Freezing Point supplement (Ref A).  (Note: a major 
factor in the suspension was that the article fanned 
the flames of a long-running feud about content 
controls between censors and the supplement's 
editors.)  Yuan is widely viewed as an influential 
mainstream academic and not a dissident.  But his 
controversial January 11 commentary challenging the 
treatment of history in middle school textbooks 
provided the pretext for Propaganda Department 
authorities to suspend Freezing Point (Bingdian) for 
more than a month, scholars and journalists said. 
Yuan's original essay called into question the Party's 
official version of important historical events, 
including the Boxer Rebellion and the Second Opium 
War.  One of the Propaganda Department's conditions 
for allowing Freezing Point to return was that it 
print a rebuttal to Yuan's article.  The rebuttal duly 
appeared in the March 1 rebound issue and two 
respected editors were removed from their jobs in the 
tumult. 
 
3.  (C) Yuan's penned response is titled "The Why, 
When and How of Anti-Imperialism and Anti-Feudalism." 
In it, he refutes Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 
scholar Zhang Haipeng's Freezing Point rebuttal point 
by point, complete with annotations.  He does not 
touch on contemporary political issues until the 
conclusion, when he declares that "to safeguard 
China's future, academic freedom must be guaranteed." 
In this vein, he argues that the basis for historical 
scholarship is facts, not innuendoes.  He concludes by 
asking rhetorically, "these people who carry a big 
stick, why on earth do they do so?"  Contacts defined 
the stick-carriers he referred to as Zhang 
specifically and Propaganda officials in general. 
 
 
E-Mail and Internet Campaign 
---------------------------- 
 
4.  (C) Yuan submitted his new article to Freezing 
Point in late March.  The new editorial board rejected 
the piece immediately, said Ding Dong (protect), one 
of several prominent scholars who signed a letter of 
protest on behalf of Yuan and ousted editor Li Datong 
last February.  Ding related that Yuan then passed the 
new essay to Li, with the understanding that Li would 
use his connections to circulate it.  Li then began an 
e-mail campaign that resulted in scholars posting 
Yuan's article on China-based blogs and in Internet 
 
BEIJING 00008115  002 OF 003 
 
 
chat rooms, Ding said. 
 
5.  (C) Neither the dispute over Yuan's article nor 
the piece itself will be mentioned in Chinese 
mainstream media, said Dong Yuyu (protect), a 
journalist at Guangming Daily who is knowledgeable 
about censorship issues.  He related that while he is 
unaware of specific Propaganda rules regarding Yuan's 
article, he is certain that editors and managers at 
prominent Internet news outlets would be quick to 
remove the text if it appeared on their sites.  "It is 
too sensitive," he said. 
 
6.  (C) Web logs and less prominent sites are a 
different story, said Zhou Qing'an, a free lance 
commentator who writes regularly for the Beijing News 
and other papers and who has his own blog.  He added 
that the regulations governing Internet content that 
the State Council Information Office released last 
September 25 (ref B) are being applied inconsistently 
to blogs, which he called the most open form of media 
in China.  In fact, Zhou found Yuan's piece after a 
lively exchange related to the essay on a Baidu.com 
bulletin board piqued his interest.  He then logged 
onto the Tianya website, a Mainland blog hosting 
service, where he was easily able to locate the text. 
 
7.  (C) Yuan's article is also accessible on the 
Academic Criticism website (www.acriticism.com), a 
well-known address among journalists and intellectuals 
that was founded by China University of Political 
Science and Law Professor Yang Yusheng.  Aware of the 
piece's political sensitivity, Yang told Poloff he 
decided to include it on his site anyway, adding that 
censors have ot contacted him about his decision to 
post te article.  "It is an academic paper and mineis an academic web site," he said matter-of-facly. 
Yang said that the Internet, particularly academic 
sites like his, is less subject to official scrutiny 
than print media. 
 
History Serves the Party 
------------------------ 
 
8.  (C) Official skittishness about the essay stems in 
part from Yuan's connection to the Freezing Point 
shutdown in January, our contacts remarked.  But 
another controversial aspect is the professor's 
treatment of historical topics.  Open reassessment of 
details of the Boxer Rebellion and the Second Opium 
War are fair game in academic and intellectual 
circles, scholars asserted.  Dong of Guangming Daily 
said he even wrote on the subject five years ago in 
his newspaper.  But Zhou cautioned that calling for 
changes in textbooks implies that China should "leave 
the shadow" of casting itself as a historical victim 
of foreign aggression.  Doing so would undermine the 
Government by calling into question the layers of 
distortion that currently underpin Chinese nationalism 
and Party lore.  Dong separately made a similar point, 
adding that painting a bleak pre-1949 picture has 
allowed the Central Government to portray the Party as 
China's savior.  Any new version of history, 
especially one taught in schools, risks undercutting 
the Party's legitimacy, he said. 
 
Lively Online Exchanges 
----------------------- 
 
9.  (C) Debate about Yuan's article has flared in 
Internet forums focused on history and international 
relations.  One bulletin board, blogbus.com, featured 
dozens of entries that pitted netizens who criticized 
Yuan for being too soft on China's former foreign 
occupiers against chat participants who defended his 
scholarship, or at least his right to express his 
opinions.  One chatter accused Yuan of using his essay 
as a vehicle to "pour invective on the head" of Zhang 
and the Party.  But another responded with a four-line 
comment in verse:  "The Qing Dynasty had Boxers/the 
Cultural Revolution had Red Guards/Today there are 
cadres young and old/All are in the same tradition." 
 
 
"Raised on Wolf's Milk" 
----------------------- 
 
10.  (C) Comment: Questions of history, such as those 
raised by Yuan, are sensitive both for their potential 
to undermine Party legitimacy and because of regime 
concerns over potential popular reactions.  History 
also weighs heavily on China's relations with the 
 
BEIJING 00008115  003 OF 003 
 
 
outside world and its neighbors.  In a country whose 
historical burdens are deeply etched in the popular 
consciousness by relentless propaganda efforts, 
questioning official history can bring sharp popular 
responses.  The Chinese Government, particularly 
following last year's anti-Japanese demonstrations, is 
acutely aware of the dangers of letting popular 
nationalist sentiment spin out of control.  Although 
some Chinese elites worry about the long-term dangers 
of "raising China's children on wolf's milk" (Yuan's 
shorthand for the heavy doses of nationalism served up 
in China's history textbooks), there is no indication 
that the leadership is prepared to reexamine official 
treatment of these issues in the near future.  End 
comment. 
SEDNEY