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Viewing cable 06SUVA64, NEW DOCUMENTS RAISE CONCERNS ABOUT POSSIBLE

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06SUVA64 2006-02-17 06:55 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Suva
VZCZCXRO0702
OO RUEHPB
DE RUEHSV #0064/01 0480655
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
O 170655Z FEB 06
FM AMEMBASSY SUVA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 2908
INFO RUEHBY/AMEMBASSY CANBERRA 1146
RUEHPB/AMEMBASSY PORT MORESBY 0775
RUEHWL/AMEMBASSY WELLINGTON 0942
RHHMUNA/HQ USPACOM HONOLULU HI
RHHJJAA/JICPAC HONOLULU HI
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 02 SUVA 000064 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/17/2016 
TAGS: PREL PGOV MARR ASEC FJ
SUBJECT: NEW DOCUMENTS RAISE CONCERNS ABOUT POSSIBLE 
ILLEGAL MILITARY ACTION IN FIJI 
 
REF: SUVA 0057 
 
Classified By: Ambassador Dinger for Reasons 1.4 (B) and (D) 
 
1.  (C)  Summary.  The Australian High Commissioner to Fiji, 
Jennifer Rawson, passed us copies February 17 of two 
documents that raise concerns about Republic of Fiji Military 
Forces (RFMF) Commander Frank Bainimarama's intentions in the 
run-up to this year's planned elections in Fiji.  Both 
documents were given by the RFMF to Police Commission Andrew 
Hughes, an Australian national.  It is unclear if Bainimarama 
meant for Hughes to receive both documents.  He specifically 
directed his staff to give Hughes only the first, a letter 
the Commander had written to Vice President Ratu Joni 
Madraiwiwi, dated February 14, 2006, that details RFMF 
complaints against the government and calls for the delay of 
elections until a census is conducted.  At some recent point, 
Bainimarama also reportedly has asked the President to 
dissolve Parliament, an act the President may not have the 
constitutional authority to take.  The second document, 
titled "Doctrine of Necessity," argues that under certain 
circumstances extra-constitutional action by the military 
would be justified.  Hughes reportedly plans to share the 
documents with his boss, the Minister of Home Affairs.  We 
have scanned the two documents into our classified system and 
are e-mailing them to EAP/ANP.  See paragraphs 10-12 for our 
instant analysis of possible ramifications, with more to 
follow as the situation unfolds.  End Summary. 
 
Letter to the Vice President; Verbal Request for 
President to Dissolve Parliament 
--------------------------------------------- --- 
 
2.  (C)  The letter from Bainimarama to Vice President Ratu 
Joni Madraiwiwi states that the RFMF "would like to express 
its dissatisfaction and disappointment on the general state 
of affairs in the country."  The letter lists a series of 
complaints about the current government including: perception 
of widespread corruption, failure of Fiji's electoral system, 
deterioration of the rule of law, and the government's 
attempt to destabilize the RFMF.   The letter reiterates the 
point Bainimarama made to the Ambassador and visiting EAP/ANP 
Director Krawitz February 14 (reftel), that unless a census 
is conducted, the general elections should not be held. 
Unless there is a census, "the upcoming elections will not be 
contested on a fair and democratic basis and it will deprive 
the people of Fiji a truly democratically elected 
Government." 
 
3.  (C)  According the Rawson, at some point recently 
Bainimarama asked for the Acting President to dissolve 
Parliament and arrange for a temporary government to be put 
in place while a census is undertaken.  Ratu Joni told Rawson 
that he will send a written response to Bainimarama stating 
that in the present circumstances the President has no 
authority to dissolve the government or order a census be 
undertaken. 
 
Doctrine of Necessity 
-------------------- 
 
4.  (C)  The document titled "Doctrine of Necessity" appears 
to be an RFMF-prepared think piece on extra-constitutional 
options and justifications.  It begins by referring to the 
Supreme Court of Pakistan, which after the military takeover 
in that country, "declared that when the state of affairs in 
the country deteriorate (sic) to such an extent (crisis 
situation) where there is no constitutional provision to 
provide a remedy, extra constitutional measures can be taken 
under the doctrine of necessity."  The document enumerates 
the evidence that the Court relied upon to determine if a 
crisis situation existed in Pakistan and notes the Court's 
finding that General Musharraf acted for the welfare of the 
people in taking over the government. 
 
5.  (C)  In subsequent pages, the document discusses "the 
prevailing political, legal and social conditions in Fiji." 
It notes that a census has not been conducted, questions the 
independence of the Elections Office, and states that many 
voters are disenfranchised.  Under "Collapse of the Rule of 
Law" the document attacks the proposed Reconciliation Bill, 
stating that it is unconstitutional and will result in 
amnesty for persons convicted of treason and others not yet 
charged.  The document charges that the Supreme Court is 
biased, and notes a rift in the Judiciary.  It states that 
"ethnic considerations are now utilized to appoint judicial 
officers and these have been carried out unopposed by the 
President of the Fiji Law Society (who is Graham Leung) and 
 
SUVA 00000064  002 OF 002 
 
 
the PSC."  It claims the government is filled with 
corruption.  Finally, the document states the government has 
attempted to destabilize Fiji's military forces "by way of 
administrative action and trying to incite members of the FMF 
to rise against the Commander and those loyal to him." 
 
6.  (C)  The final page of "Doctrine of Necessity" lists a 
number of actions to be taken "in the event 
extra-constitutional steps are taken."  Steps include: 
appoint an interim administration, members of which will not 
contest the next elections; inform the public as to why such 
action was taken; give assurances to the business community 
to ensure stable commercial and economic activity; and seek 
assistance from the international community in order to 
undertake a census and electoral reform. 
 
7.  (C)   Hughes told Rawson he doesn't know if Bainimarama 
meant for him to see the "Doctrine of Necessity" document, 
whether it was given to him accidentally, or whether an RFMF 
staffer intentionally gave it to him without the Commander's 
orders.  Rawson says the document clearly is contemporary, 
since it refers to issues like the census, and the alleged 
attempt to incite members of the military "to rise against 
the Commander."  (Comment: The document, at times, uses the 
same wording as the letter to the Vice President.   On the 
other hand, the document always speaks of the military in the 
third person, and refers to the "FMF" instead of the "RFMF" 
as used in the letter.  We cannot say for sure, therefore, 
that the RFMF drafted the document.  End comment.) 
 
Hughes Shows Documents to Vice President; Reportedly 
Plans to Share with Minister of Home Affairs 
--------------------------------------------- ------- 
 
8.  (C)  Rawson arranged a meeting between Ratu Joni and 
Hughes February 16, at which time Hughes showed the Vice 
President the two documents.  Ratu Joni said he had received 
the letter from the Commander, but not the "Doctrine of 
Necessity" document.  After seeing the latter document, Ratu 
Joni told Hughes "if this weren't so serious, this would be 
laughable." 
 
9. (C)  Hughes told Rawson that, as Commissioner of Police, 
he feels duty-bound to share the "Doctrine of Necessity" with 
his boss, the Minister of Home Affairs.  He has not yet done 
so, because he wants his police "intelligence section" to do 
some checking into the document.  Rawson said Hughes will 
pass the document to the Minister sometime next week. 
 
Comment:  What Next? 
-------------------- 
 
10. (C)  If and when Hughes passes the documents to his 
minister, the PM will become aware, if he is not already, of 
Bainimarama's ponderings about removing the Government.  Our 
sense is that the President and Vice President are the most 
likely actors to convince Bainimarama to contain his 
frustrations.  The PM has no influence over the Commander. 
But how might the PM calculate his options, assuming the 
President and VP do not resolve the matter?  That probably 
depends on the PM's judgment regarding Bainimarama's actual 
ability to act.  Some wonder if the RFMF would back its 
Commander in illegal action, especially against the 
ethnic-Fijian PM.  It is probable that nobody knows for sure. 
 
11.  (C)  Thus, Bainimarama and Qarase may both be in 
situations of rolling the dice.  For Bainimarama, to order 
his troops risks their refusal to follow.  If he were to 
succeed, it also clearly would trigger international negative 
reaction detrimental to Fiji's military reputation and 
tourism economy.  Bainimarama knows that.  For the PM, to 
remain silent and continue on the course toward an early 
election (late April, per reftel), would carry a risk of 
rapidly triggering a Bainimarama attempt.  For the PM, to 
publicize the Commander's threat, or to seek to prosecute him 
(with the documentary evidence which could appear a smoking 
gun) would be betting that the RFMF troops and the public 
would back the Government at crunch time.  But for the PM to 
attempt to delay elections long enough for a census would 
likely result in illegally continuing the current Government 
beyond its November expiration.  It would also be a glaring 
display of political weakness. 
 
12  (C)  As seems always the case in Fiji, the 
political-military mix is extremely complicated.  We will 
provide further analysis as the situation unfolds. 
DINGER