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Viewing cable 06LILONGWE98, POLITICAL ASSESMENT OF UPCOMING CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06LILONGWE98 2006-02-01 14:37 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Lilongwe
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

011437Z Feb 06
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 LILONGWE 000098 
 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR AF/S GABRIELLE MALLORY 
STATE FOR INR/AA 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV KDEM MI
SUBJECT: POLITICAL ASSESMENT OF UPCOMING CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW 
 
 
1. (SBU) Summary: Malawi is scheduled to begin a 
constitutional review process starting this June/July.  The 
entire process has already become politicized, as both 
government and opposition seek to use the review to 
strengthen their respective political positions.  The 
opposition is focused primarily on weakening the presidency 
to the benefit of Parliament, where the President's party is 
currently in the minority. For its part, the government will 
seek changes meant to maintain its current position of 
power, strengthen the presidency, and keep the President's 
political opponents sidelined. Malawi's robust civil society 
also promises to play a part in the process, as it pushes 
for various changes to the political structure and 
qualifications of public officials. End Summary. 
 
2. (SBU) The current Constitution, adopted in 1995, will be 
revised through a process centering on a constitutional 
review conference. During the 2005/6-budget session, 
Parliament approved a $360,000 allocation to the Malawi Law 
Commission for the review process, and the European donors 
(led by the European Commission) are signed on to kick in at 
least an additional $360,000. 
 
 
Opposition Wish-list 
--------------------- 
 
3. (SBU) The opposition parties would like to trim the 
powers of the President, and want to require a president who 
withdraws from his party (such as President Bingu wa 
Mutharika) to seek a fresh mandate from voters.  The 
opposition is also interested in setting a maximum age 
limit for presidential candidates; requiring that 
candidates amass at least 51% of the vote to win (as opposed 
to a plurality); and making it harder for MPs to switch 
parties, or become independent, after elected. 
 
 
The Government Agenda 
--------------------- 
 
4. (SBU) The Government side is looking to strengthen the 
presidency, while putting up barriers to prevent former 
President Bakili Muluzi from re-entering politics.  They 
would like to allow the president to be able to directly 
appoint, and fire, his vice-president; tighten presidential 
term limits put forth in the constitution (making it 
impossible for Muluzi to run for President again); and 
change the composition of the electoral commission to 
include parties, such as the DPP, that have arisen over the 
last four years. 
 
5. (U) In addition to these purely political changes, 
government is also interested in doing away with the costly 
position of Second Vice-President, and adding a "Bill of 
Duties" to the constitution.  This would lay out the 
"duties" of citizens, in addition to their rights. 
 
 
Civil Society 
-------------- 
 
6. (U) Civil Society organizations are also expected to 
push their various, and in many cases controversial, 
agendas during the review process.  They would like to see a 
reconstitution of the Senate, which was abolished in 1995; 
an amendment to provide additional parliamentary seats for 
representatives of special interest groups, including youth, 
women, orphans, and people with disabilities; the 
reinstatement of a recall provision for MPs, which makes it 
possible to impeach them for poor performance; and mandatory 
educational qualifications for presidential appointees. 
 
 
Comment 
------- 
 
7. (SBU) Comment: While there are some areas where the 
Malawian constitution could be strengthened, it is generally 
considered to be fairly complete.  Minor changes could be 
made to the constitution at the parliamentary level, such as 
making amendments more difficult to pass, that would make it 
a stronger document.  The chameleon-like tendency of 
Malawi's politicians to continually change parties and form 
alliances has exposed some gaps in the current constitution. 
However, these changes hardly seem to warrant a full-scale 
(and costly) convention, especially in these politically 
tumultuous times.  Nonetheless, it appears that both the 
government and opposition, supported by the European donors, 
are intent on following through with the review process. 
 
8. (SBU) The agendas of the Government and Opposition are 
clearly influenced by current political objectives. Measures 
to curtail the rights of ex-Presidents and current Vice- 
Presidents would directly affect the two leading opponents 
of President Mutharika, while the proposed reduction in 
Presidential powers would have the opposite effect. In the 
end, the long-term success of the new Constitution is likely 
to be compromised by short-sighted political maneuvering by 
Malawi's leaders.