Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 251287 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
AEMR ASEC AMGT AE AS AMED AVIAN AU AF AORC AGENDA AO AR AM APER AFIN ATRN AJ ABUD ARABL AL AG AODE ALOW ADANA AADP AND APECO ACABQ ASEAN AA AFFAIRS AID AGR AY AGS AFSI AGOA AMB ARF ANET ASCH ACOA AFLU AFSN AMEX AFDB ABLD AESC AFGHANISTAN AINF AVIATION ARR ARSO ANDREW ASSEMBLY AIDS APRC ASSK ADCO ASIG AC AZ APEC AFINM ADB AP ACOTA ASEX ACKM ASUP ANTITERRORISM ADPM AINR ARABLEAGUE AGAO AORG AMTC AIN ACCOUNT ASECAFINGMGRIZOREPTU AIDAC AINT ARCH AMGTKSUP ALAMI AMCHAMS ALJAZEERA AVIANFLU AORD AOREC ALIREZA AOMS AMGMT ABDALLAH AORCAE AHMED ACCELERATED AUC ALZUGUREN ANGEL AORL ASECIR AMG AMBASSADOR AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL ADM ASES ABMC AER AMER ASE AMGTHA ARNOLDFREDERICK AOPC ACS AFL AEGR ASED AFPREL AGRI AMCHAM ARNOLD AN ANATO AME APERTH ASECSI AT ACDA ASEDC AIT AMERICA AMLB AMGE ACTION AGMT AFINIZ ASECVE ADRC ABER AGIT APCS AEMED ARABBL ARC ASO AIAG ACEC ASR ASECM ARG AEC ABT ADIP ADCP ANARCHISTS AORCUN AOWC ASJA AALC AX AROC ARM AGENCIES ALBE AK AZE AOPR AREP AMIA ASCE ALANAZI ABDULRAHMEN ABDULHADI AINFCY ARMS ASECEFINKCRMKPAOPTERKHLSAEMRNS AGRICULTURE AFPK AOCR ALEXANDER ATRD ATFN ABLG AORCD AFGHAN ARAS AORCYM AVERY ALVAREZ ACBAQ ALOWAR ANTOINE ABLDG ALAB AMERICAS AFAF ASECAFIN ASEK ASCC AMCT AMGTATK AMT APDC AEMRS ASECE AFSA ATRA ARTICLE ARENA AISG AEMRBC AFR AEIR ASECAF AFARI AMPR ASPA ASOC ANTONIO AORCL ASECARP APRM AUSTRALIAGROUP ASEG AFOR AEAID AMEDI ASECTH ASIC AFDIN AGUIRRE AUNR ASFC AOIC ANTXON ASA ASECCASC ALI AORCEUNPREFPRELSMIGBN ASECKHLS ASSSEMBLY ASECVZ AI ASECPGOV ASIR ASCEC ASAC ARAB AIEA ADMIRAL AUSGR AQ AMTG ARRMZY ANC APR AMAT AIHRC AFU ADEL AECL ACAO AMEMR ADEP AV AW AOR ALL ALOUNI AORCUNGA ALNEA ASC AORCO ARMITAGE AGENGA AGRIC AEM ACOAAMGT AGUILAR AFPHUM AMEDCASCKFLO AFZAL AAA ATPDEA ASECPHUM ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
ETRD ETTC EU ECON EFIN EAGR EAID ELAB EINV ENIV ENRG EPET EZ ELTN ELECTIONS ECPS ET ER EG EUN EIND ECONOMICS EMIN ECIN EINT EWWT EAIR EN ENGR ES EI ETMIN EL EPA EARG EFIS ECONOMY EC EK ELAM ECONOMIC EAR ESDP ECCP ELN EUM EUMEM ECA EAP ELEC ECOWAS EFTA EXIM ETTD EDRC ECOSOC ECPSN ENVIRONMENT ECO EMAIL ECTRD EREL EDU ENERG ENERGY ENVR ETRAD EAC EXTERNAL EFIC ECIP ERTD EUC ENRGMO EINZ ESTH ECCT EAGER ECPN ELNT ERD EGEN ETRN EIVN ETDR EXEC EIAD EIAR EVN EPRT ETTF ENGY EAIDCIN EXPORT ETRC ESA EIB EAPC EPIT ESOCI ETRB EINDQTRD ENRC EGOV ECLAC EUR ELF ETEL ENRGUA EVIN EARI ESCAP EID ERIN ELAN ENVT EDEV EWWY EXBS ECOM EV ELNTECON ECE ETRDGK EPETEIND ESCI ETRDAORC EAIDETRD ETTR EMS EAGRECONEINVPGOVBN EBRD EUREM ERGR EAGRBN EAUD EFI ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ETRO ENRGY EGAR ESSO EGAD ENV ENER EAIDXMXAXBXFFR ELA EET EINVETRD EETC EIDN ERGY ETRDPGOV EING EMINCG EINVECON EURM EEC EICN EINO EPSC ELAP ELABPGOVBN EE ESPS ETRA ECONETRDBESPAR ERICKSON EEOC EVENTS EPIN EB ECUN EPWR ENG EX EH EAIDAR EAIS ELBA EPETUN ETRDEIQ EENV ECPC ETRP ECONENRG EUEAID EWT EEB EAIDNI ESENV EADM ECN ENRGKNNP ETAD ETR ECONETRDEAGRJA ETRG ETER EDUC EITC EBUD EAIF EBEXP EAIDS EITI EGOVSY EFQ ECOQKPKO ETRGY ESF EUE EAIC EPGOV ENFR EAGRE ENRD EINTECPS EAVI ETC ETCC EIAID EAIDAF EAGREAIDPGOVPRELBN EAOD ETRDA EURN EASS EINVA EAIDRW EON ECOR EPREL EGPHUM ELTM ECOS EINN ENNP EUPGOV EAGRTR ECONCS ETIO ETRDGR EAIDB EISNAR EIFN ESPINOSA EAIDASEC ELIN EWTR EMED ETFN ETT EADI EPTER ELDIN EINVEFIN ESS ENRGIZ EQRD ESOC ETRDECD ECINECONCS EAIT ECONEAIR ECONEFIN EUNJ ENRGKNNPMNUCPARMPRELNPTIAEAJMXL ELAD EFIM ETIC EFND EFN ETLN ENGRD EWRG ETA EIN EAIRECONRP EXIMOPIC ERA ENRGJM ECONEGE ENVI ECHEVARRIA EMINETRD EAD ECONIZ EENG ELBR EWWC ELTD EAIDMG ETRK EIPR EISNLN ETEX EPTED EFINECONCS EPCS EAG ETRDKIPR ED EAIO ETRDEC ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ERNG EFINU EURFOR EWWI ELTNSNAR ETD EAIRASECCASCID EOXC ESTN EAIDAORC EAGRRP ETRDEMIN ELABPHUMSMIGKCRMBN ETRDEINVTINTCS EGHG EAIDPHUMPRELUG EAGRBTIOBEXPETRDBN EDA EPETPGOV ELAINE EUCOM EMW EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM ELB EINDETRD EMI ETRDECONWTOCS EINR ESTRADA EHUM EFNI ELABV ENR EMN EXO EWWTPRELPGOVMASSMARRBN EATO END EP EINVETC ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID ELTRN EIQ ETTW EAI ENGRG ETRED ENDURING ETTRD EAIDEGZ EOCN EINF EUPREL ENRL ECPO ENLT EEFIN EPPD ECOIN EUEAGR EISL EIDE ENRGSD EINVECONSENVCSJA EAIG ENTG EEPET EUNCH EPECO ETZ EPAT EPTE EAIRGM ETRDPREL EUNGRSISAFPKSYLESO ETTN EINVKSCA ESLCO EBMGT ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EFLU ELND EFINOECD EAIDHO EDUARDO ENEG ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EFINTS ECONQH ENRGPREL EUNPHUM EINDIR EPE EMINECINECONSENVTBIONS EFINM ECRM EQ EWWTSP ECONPGOVBN
KFLO KPKO KDEM KFLU KTEX KMDR KPAO KCRM KIDE KN KNNP KG KMCA KZ KJUS KWBG KU KDMR KAWC KCOR KPAL KOMC KTDB KTIA KISL KHIV KHUM KTER KCFE KTFN KS KIRF KTIP KIRC KSCA KICA KIPR KPWR KWMN KE KGIC KGIT KSTC KACT KSEP KFRD KUNR KHLS KCRS KRVC KUWAIT KVPR KSRE KMPI KMRS KNRV KNEI KCIP KSEO KITA KDRG KV KSUM KCUL KPET KBCT KO KSEC KOLY KNAR KGHG KSAF KWNM KNUC KMNP KVIR KPOL KOCI KPIR KLIG KSAC KSTH KNPT KINL KPRP KRIM KICC KIFR KPRV KAWK KFIN KT KVRC KR KHDP KGOV KPOW KTBT KPMI KPOA KRIF KEDEM KFSC KY KGCC KATRINA KWAC KSPR KTBD KBIO KSCI KRCM KNNB KBNC KIMT KCSY KINR KRAD KMFO KCORR KW KDEMSOCI KNEP KFPC KEMPI KBTR KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNPP KTTB KTFIN KBTS KCOM KFTN KMOC KOR KDP KPOP KGHA KSLG KMCR KJUST KUM KMSG KHPD KREC KIPRTRD KPREL KEN KCSA KCRIM KGLB KAKA KWWT KUNP KCRN KISLPINR KLFU KUNC KEDU KCMA KREF KPAS KRKO KNNC KLHS KWAK KOC KAPO KTDD KOGL KLAP KECF KCRCM KNDP KSEAO KCIS KISM KREL KISR KISC KKPO KWCR KPFO KUS KX KWCI KRFD KWPG KTRD KH KLSO KEVIN KEANE KACW KWRF KNAO KETTC KTAO KWIR KVCORR KDEMGT KPLS KICT KWGB KIDS KSCS KIRP KSTCPL KDEN KLAB KFLOA KIND KMIG KPPAO KPRO KLEG KGKG KCUM KTTP KWPA KIIP KPEO KICR KNNA KMGT KCROM KMCC KLPM KNNPGM KSIA KSI KWWW KOMS KESS KMCAJO KWN KTDM KDCM KCM KVPRKHLS KENV KCCP KGCN KCEM KEMR KWMNKDEM KNNPPARM KDRM KWIM KJRE KAID KWMM KPAONZ KUAE KTFR KIF KNAP KPSC KSOCI KCWI KAUST KPIN KCHG KLBO KIRCOEXC KI KIRCHOFF KSTT KNPR KDRL KCFC KLTN KPAOKMDRKE KPALAOIS KESO KKOR KSMT KFTFN KTFM KDEMK KPKP KOCM KNN KISLSCUL KFRDSOCIRO KINT KRG KWMNSMIG KSTCC KPAOY KFOR KWPR KSEPCVIS KGIV KSEI KIL KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KQ KEMS KHSL KTNF KPDD KANSOU KKIV KFCE KTTC KGH KNNNP KK KSCT KWNN KAWX KOMCSG KEIM KTSD KFIU KDTB KFGM KACP KWWMN KWAWC KSPA KGICKS KNUP KNNO KISLAO KTPN KSTS KPRM KPALPREL KPO KTLA KCRP KNMP KAWCK KCERS KDUM KEDM KTIALG KWUN KPTS KPEM KMEPI KAWL KHMN KCRO KCMR KPTD KCROR KMPT KTRF KSKN KMAC KUK KIRL KEM KSOC KBTC KOM KINP KDEMAF KTNBT KISK KRM KWBW KBWG KNNPMNUC KNOP KSUP KCOG KNET KWBC KESP KMRD KEBG KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KPWG KOMCCO KRGY KNNF KPROG KJAN KFRED KPOKO KM KWMNCS KMPF KJWC KJU KSMIG KALR KRAL KDGOV KPA KCRMJA KCRI KAYLA KPGOV KRD KNNPCH KFEM KPRD KFAM KALM KIPRETRDKCRM KMPP KADM KRFR KMWN KWRG KTIAPARM KTIAEUN KRDP KLIP KDDEM KTIAIC KWKN KPAD KDM KRCS KWBGSY KEAI KIVP KPAOPREL KUNH KTSC KIPT KNP KJUSTH KGOR KEPREL KHSA KGHGHIV KNNR KOMH KRCIM KWPB KWIC KINF KPER KILS KA KNRG KCSI KFRP KLFLO KFE KNPPIS KQM KQRDQ KERG KPAOPHUM KSUMPHUM KVBL KARIM KOSOVO KNSD KUIR KWHG KWBGXF KWMNU KPBT KKNP KERF KCRT KVIS KWRC KVIP KTFS KMARR KDGR KPAI KDE KTCRE KMPIO KUNRAORC KHOURY KAWS KPAK KOEM KCGC KID KVRP KCPS KIVR KBDS KWOMN KIIC KTFNJA KARZAI KMVP KHJUS KPKOUNSC KMAR KIBL KUNA KSA KIS KJUSAF KDEV KPMO KHIB KIRD KOUYATE KIPRZ KBEM KPAM KDET KPPD KOSCE KJUSKUNR KICCPUR KRMS KWMNPREL KWMJN KREISLER KWM KDHS KRV KPOV KWMNCI KMPL KFLD KWWN KCVM KIMMITT KCASC KOMO KNATO KDDG KHGH KRF KSCAECON KWMEN KRIC
PREL PINR PGOV PHUM PTER PE PREF PARM PBTS PINS PHSA PK PL PM PNAT PHAS PO PROP PGOVE PA PU POLITICAL PPTER POL PALESTINIAN PHUN PIN PAMQ PPA PSEC POLM PBIO PSOE PDEM PAK PF PKAO PGOVPRELMARRMOPS PMIL PV POLITICS PRELS POLICY PRELHA PIRN PINT PGOG PERSONS PRC PEACE PROCESS PRELPGOV PROV PFOV PKK PRE PT PIRF PSI PRL PRELAF PROG PARMP PERL PUNE PREFA PP PGOB PUM PROTECTION PARTIES PRIL PEL PAGE PS PGO PCUL PLUM PIF PGOVENRGCVISMASSEAIDOPRCEWWTBN PMUC PCOR PAS PB PKO PY PKST PTR PRM POUS PRELIZ PGIC PHUMS PAL PNUC PLO PMOPS PHM PGOVBL PBK PELOSI PTE PGOVAU PNR PINSO PRO PLAB PREM PNIR PSOCI PBS PD PHUML PERURENA PKPA PVOV PMAR PHUMCF PUHM PHUH PRELPGOVETTCIRAE PRT PROPERTY PEPFAR PREI POLUN PAR PINSF PREFL PH PREC PPD PING PQL PINSCE PGV PREO PRELUN POV PGOVPHUM PINRES PRES PGOC PINO POTUS PTERE PRELKPAO PRGOV PETR PGOVEAGRKMCAKNARBN PPKO PARLIAMENT PEPR PMIG PTBS PACE PETER PMDL PVIP PKPO POLMIL PTEL PJUS PHUMNI PRELKPAOIZ PGOVPREL POGV PEREZ POWELL PMASS PDOV PARN PG PPOL PGIV PAIGH PBOV PETROL PGPV PGOVL POSTS PSO PRELEU PRELECON PHUMPINS PGOVKCMABN PQM PRELSP PRGO PATTY PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PGVO PROTESTS PRELPLS PKFK PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PARAGRAPH PRELGOV POG PTRD PTERM PBTSAG PHUMKPAL PRELPK PTERPGOV PAO PRIVATIZATION PSCE PPAO PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PARALYMPIC PRUM PKPRP PETERS PAHO PARMS PGREL PINV POINS PHUMPREL POREL PRELNL PHUMPGOV PGOVQL PLAN PRELL PARP PROVE PSOC PDD PRELNP PRELBR PKMN PGKV PUAS PRELTBIOBA PBTSEWWT PTERIS PGOVU PRELGG PHUMPRELPGOV PFOR PEPGOV PRELUNSC PRAM PICES PTERIZ PREK PRELEAGR PRELEUN PHUME PHU PHUMKCRS PRESL PRTER PGOF PARK PGOVSOCI PTERPREL PGOVEAID PGOVPHUMKPAO PINSKISL PREZ PGOVAF PARMEUN PECON PINL POGOV PGOVLO PIERRE PRELPHUM PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PBST PKPAO PHUMHUPPS PGOVPOL PASS PPGOV PROGV PAGR PHALANAGE PARTY PRELID PGOVID PHUMR PHSAQ PINRAMGT PSA PRELM PRELMU PIA PINRPE PBTSRU PARMIR PEDRO PNUK PVPR PINOCHET PAARM PRFE PRELEIN PINF PCI PSEPC PGOVSU PRLE PDIP PHEM PRELB PORG PGGOC POLG POPDC PGOVPM PWMN PDRG PHUMK PINB PRELAL PRER PFIN PNRG PRED POLI PHUMBO PHYTRP PROLIFERATION PHARM PUOS PRHUM PUNR PENA PGOVREL PETRAEUS PGOVKDEM PGOVENRG PHUS PRESIDENT PTERKU PRELKSUMXABN PGOVSI PHUMQHA PKISL PIR PGOVZI PHUMIZNL PKNP PRELEVU PMIN PHIM PHUMBA PUBLIC PHAM PRELKPKO PMR PARTM PPREL PN PROL PDA PGOVECON PKBL PKEAID PERM PRELEZ PRELC PER PHJM PGOVPRELPINRBN PRFL PLN PWBG PNG PHUMA PGOR PHUMPTER POLINT PPEF PKPAL PNNL PMARR PAC PTIA PKDEM PAUL PREG PTERR PTERPRELPARMPGOVPBTSETTCEAIRELTNTC PRELJA POLS PI PNS PAREL PENV PTEROREP PGOVM PINER PBGT PHSAUNSC PTERDJ PRELEAID PARMIN PKIR PLEC PCRM PNET PARR PRELETRD PRELBN PINRTH PREJ PEACEKEEPINGFORCES PEMEX PRELZ PFLP PBPTS PTGOV PREVAL PRELSW PAUM PRF PHUMKDEM PATRICK PGOVKMCAPHUMBN PRELA PNUM PGGV PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PBT PIND PTEP PTERKS PGOVJM PGOT PRELMARR PGOVCU PREV PREFF PRWL PET PROB PRELPHUMP PHUMAF PVTS PRELAFDB PSNR PGOVECONPRELBU PGOVZL PREP PHUMPRELBN PHSAPREL PARCA PGREV PGOVDO PGON PCON PODC PRELOV PHSAK PSHA PGOVGM PRELP POSCE PGOVPTER PHUMRU PINRHU PARMR PGOVTI PPEL PMAT PAN PANAM PGOVBO PRELHRC

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 05NICOSIA1565, COMBATING VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN CYPRUS

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #05NICOSIA1565.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
05NICOSIA1565 2005-09-27 15:29 2011-08-30 01:44 SECRET Embassy Nicosia
R 271529Z SEP 05 ZDK
FM AMEMBASSY NICOSIA
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 4836
INFO EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE
WHITE HOUSE WASHDC PRIORITY
USMISSION USON NEW YORK
CINCUSEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE
FBI WASHDC
SECDEF WASHDC
DIA WASHDC
HOMELAND SECURITY CENTER WASHINGTON DC
DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC
FBIS NICOSIA CY
CIA WASHDC
SECRET NICOSIA 001565 
 
SIPDIS 
 
CORRECTED COPY - ADDRESSEES ADDED 
FOR: R, P, EUR/PD, EUR/SE 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/16/2015 
TAGS: EAID KDEM PHUM PREL
SUBJECT: COMBATING VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN CYPRUS 
 
REF: STATE 155954 
 
Classified By: CA a.i. Jane Zimmerman.  Reasons: 1.4 (B) and (D) 
 
1. (S) Summary: On Cyprus, the Cyprus issue itself dominates 
the agenda and colors nearly every aspect of life.  This 
includes the problem of violent extremism, which is typically 
charted on an ethnic Turkish-Greek axis rather than through 
the lens of an Islamic-Christian, East-West, or 
religious-secular divide.  Thankfully, incidents of physical 
violence are few and far between.  The opening of the 
checkpoints along the green line in April 2003 that allowed 
real interaction between the two communities for the first 
time in thirty years has further improved the environment. 
Still, hate speech directed against "the other" is quite 
common and largely socially-acceptable on both sides of the 
Green Line. Post has an extensive series of active programs 
in place to promote tolerance, reconciliation between the two 
communities, and the reunification of the island in a 
bizonal, bicommunal federation.  End Summary. 
 
2. (S) Post,s bicommunal efforts may have helped keep the 
lid on Greek Cypriot-Turkish Cypriot extremism and fostered 
support, especially in the Muslim north, for cooperation 
between the two sides. A large percentage of the Turkish 
Cypriot population has participated in bicommunal programs 
and adopted a more favorable view of cooperating with Greek 
Cypriots. Prior to the April 2004 referendum, Denktash, an 
adamant opponent of the Annan Plan, claimed publicly that his 
people had been  brainwashed, by Fulbright to support a 
solution.  However, the large Turkish immigrant community, 
approximately half of the population in the north, have, with 
a few possible exceptions, not been involved in post,s 
bicommunal efforts, largely because of the GOC,s objections. 
Although not viewed at present as a threat, the settlers are 
a large and largely unknown source of new outreach. 
 
3.  There is also a growing population of third-country 
nationals in both the north and the south, including a 
sizeable group of foreign students as well as laborers, and 
asylum seekers.  Septel includes a thorough analysis of the 
potential dangers of political and ideological extremism 
associated with this population.  Post has a number of 
programs in place that will help mitigate these risks, 
including intensive outreach efforts to leading universities 
on both sides of the green line -- particularly those like 
EMU in the north and Intercollege in the south, where the 
language of instruction in English.  Our efforts to raise the 
profile of the problems of trafficking in persons has a 
direct impact on the lives of many of the third-country 
nationals employed in the construction and commercial sex 
industries. While the role of third-country nations is 
potentially significant, the greatest risk from extremism is 
still ethnically-driven intolerance and tensions between the 
dominant Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. It is 
in this area that we are devoting the bulk of Embassy 
resources and where we have had our greatest success. 
 
4. Approximately $13.5 in Economic Support Funds (ESF), as 
well as a large portion of PAS funds are devoted each year to 
bicommunal programs and efforts to support a settlement of 
the Cyprus issue. ESF reach Cypriots through three programs: 
the Cyprus America Scholarship Program (CASP), the Bicommunal 
Support Program (BSP) and the Bicommunal Development Program 
(BDP). PAS organizes Embassy outreach and International 
Visitor Programs.  All of these programs are designed to 
bring Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots together to promote 
tolerance and increase support for reunification. There is a 
smaller subset of projects that engage religious 
leaders/clerics, target non-elite segments of society, or 
other particularly relevant audiences. They are presented in 
detail paragraphs 9-24. 
 
 
Post efforts at monitoring and dealing with extremism 
 
5. (S) Post watches the hate website and press closely and 
works with government officials, educators, NGOs, and other 
multipliers and will continue conducting the type of programs 
mentioned in paras 9-24. Post reaches Muslim youth by 
conducting programs in the north, where more than 99 per cent 
of inhabitants are Muslim. New programs involve a small grant 
to the Inter Cultural Center of Cyprus, an NGO which promotes 
cooperation between the two sides. Under the grant, 
bicommunal teams will study tolerance, bullying, and 
racism in the school system. A one-year &English for 
Specific Purposes8 program for 50 Turkish civil servants and 
journalists was designed to promote bicommunal dialogue by 
giving this key group the tools to communicate with the other 
side.  Post is starting a media ethics program involving 
Eastern Mediterranean University in the north and Inter 
College in the south, which will service nearby institutions. 
A bicommunal group of Greek and Turkish Cypriot musicians 
will perform in a Daniel Pearl Tribute 
Concert in October with a message of promoting tolerance, 
peace, and cross cultural understanding. 
 
6. Post has worked with the Greek and Turkish Cypriot banking 
systems to strengthen accountability and to prevent the 
illicit flows of funds. Post is also cooperating informally 
with the UK to help the Turkish Cypriots (T/Cs) address some 
of their vulnerabilities to the potential abuse of their 
financial system by terrorists.  A U.S. money 
laundering/terrorist finance expert is providing informal 
advice on draft T/C money laundering legislation.  A FinCen 
(Treasury) official gave an informal seminar to T/C 
regulators last year. Bearing Point is working with the 
private banks as well as regulators to improve their 
procedures and practices. 
 
 
Host Government Efforts 
 
7. (S) Within the prism of the Cyprus issue, the north has 
removed many books promoting hatred of the other side. This 
is less true for the south, which has much material 
demonizing the other side. Under the guise of educational 
reform, the Ministry of Education in the south still recently 
directed schools to give special emphasis to (Greek) 
nationalism and strengthening the historical memory of the 
loss and 'enslavement' of patriarchal land.  On the positive 
side, the educational system is open to women, 
accepts pluralism, and open intellectual exchange outside of 
the Cyprus issue. 
 
 
Programming Obstacles 
 
8. (S) The GOC is not a big supporter of bicommunal programs. 
Because Cyprus functions from the top down, government 
directives can weaken or destroy NGOs which promote civil 
society. The GOC, for example, does not recognize NGOs in the 
north unless they are part of international organizations. 
This limits the level of cooperation possible between the two 
sides and the number of groups which can participate in 
follow-up activities. The initial energy and goodwill 
generated by a program can disappear as the difficulty of 
working together from separate communities sinks in. One of 
the biggest challenges for program providers is designing 
sustainable programs that can build on previous successes. 
Without government support, it is not possible to recruit 
opponents of the Annan Plan (the 'no' voters) to participate 
in bicommunal discussions. On the U.S. side, the Nethercutt 
Amendment, which applies to FY 2005 Economic Support Funds 
(ESF), prohibits "assistance to the government of a country" 
that has not entered into an Article 98 agreement with the 
U.S. regarding the International Criminal Court. Without 
relief language referring to Cyprus, the Nethercutt Amendment 
will exclude GOC officials and have devastating effects on 
future ESF programs (SEPTEL). Support for bicommunal 
activities remains strong in the north, where significant 
proportion of the educated public has participated in 
bicommunal activities. The following are relevant programs 
per para 5 of reftel. 
 
 
Cyprus America Scholarship Program - CASP 
 
9. (C) Bicommunal Summer Youth Camp 
a. Brief Description: This two-week program aims to promote 
bicommunal understanding and tolerance among Cypriot youth. 
The program consists of bicommunal dialogue, indoor and 
out-door trust and team-building exercises, community work, 
and social activities. By breaking down cultural barriers and 
deeply held misconceptions, this program provides 
opportunities for Cypriot youth to build relationships and 
trust with their peers from the other community, as well as 
teaching and nurturing communication and leadership skills. 
b. Intended Target Audience: Cypriot high school students 
ages 15 and 16. 
c. Size of Audience: 20 Greek Cypriot students and 20 
Turkish Cypriot students - equally divided between male and 
female. 
d. How Long In Existence: 9 years 
e. Assessment: The bicommunal Summer Youth Camps are the most 
successful bicommunal programs implemented by the Commission. 
 Applications from interested students run into the hundreds, 
and each year the numbers increase slightly as the program 
becomes more widely known across Cyprus. This program 
resulted in the creation of the bicommunal youth movement 
known as YEP (Youth for Peace) to which hundreds of teenagers 
and young adults belong. Each year at least 30% of the 
current year,s youth camps participants 
join YEP. Participants maintain contact with each other upon 
their return to Cyprus and report that this program has 
succeeded in promoting tolerance, understanding and 
communication across the green line among Cyprus, youth. f. 
Suggestions for Improvement: Reports from the facilitators of 
the youth camp state that there were more students this year 
who were not willing to make efforts to get to know students 
from the other community; rather they were looking for a free 
holiday to the U.S. The Commission will select candidates 
more carefully and adjust the program this year in order to 
create a program that meets 
its intended goals. 
 
10. (C) Summer Academic Term 
a. Brief Description: The Summer Academic Term provides 
students with a first-hand experience at a U.S. university 
and it provides the opportunity for constant interaction 
between members of the two communities during their time in 
the U.S. Students are invited to take two undergraduate 
summer classes at a U.S. university while living together in 
a large multi-story university campus house. The program has 
taken place at Boston University since its inception, where 
there is an abundance of university student life both on 
campus and in the city. 
b. Intended Target Audience: Cypriot university or college 
level students preferably in their second or third year of 
studies. 
c. Size of audience: 7 Greek Cypriots and 7 Turkish Cypriots 
d. How Long in Existence: 2 years 
e. Assessment: Initially launched as a pilot program, it was 
repeated this year Due to its enormous success. The 
participants of the 2004 program still meet regularly in 
Cyprus. The U.S. Ambassador invited this group twice to give 
presentations on their experiences; one of these meetings was 
for a group of U.S. congressmen at the U.S. Embassy.  Most 
participants were also able to gain credit for the courses 
they took at Boston University towards their degree at their 
local institution. 
f. Suggestions for Improvement: Extra efforts will be placed 
on the selection of participants after receiving reports that 
students found the courses at Boston University too 
difficult. Students, level of English is one of the problem 
areas.  An effort will be made to select students who are 
serious about following the academic component of the 
program. 
 
11. (C) Conflict Resolution Workshop 
a. Brief Description: This five-day workshop for recipients 
of the Cyprus-America Scholarships seeks to equip young Greek 
and Turkish Cypriots with the latest practical skills and 
tools for dealing with conflict and managing differences in 
order to enable them to improve their interactions and 
relationships between the two communities. The Conflict 
Management Group (CMG) conducts this program at a conference 
facility in West Virginia every May. 
b. Intended Target Audience: CASP students primarily senior 
undergraduates and graduate students. 
c. Size: Approximately 26 
d. How long in existence: 13 years (not consecutive) 
f. Assessment:  Many participants describe the program as a 
life-changing experience. The program provides a unique 
opportunity for CASP students to exchange experiences and 
ideas and get to know each other on neutral ground. The CMG 
is outstanding in its understanding of the  Cyprus Problem, 
and in its approach in dealing with such delicate issues with 
CASP students. The rural location of the conference center 
allowsllogue and bonding between the 
participants. 
g. Suggestions for Improvement: Efforts are ongoing as the 
Commission supports proposals that are up to date in their 
understanding of the Cyprus issues and that can handle the 
level of sophistication of the participants. These students 
are on the verge of returning to Cyprus and may soon become 
the next generation of Cyprus leaders. Participants need the 
continued opportunity to communicate in an in-depth 
level to promote tolerance, understanding and trust between 
members of the other community. 
 
 
Bicommunal Support Program - BSP 
 
12. (C) Leadership & Community Service Initiative 
a. Brief Description: Under the auspices of the American 
University,s School of International Service, this 
bicommunal youth leadership program works to promote civic 
awareness and engagement, collaborative leadership, and an 
appreciation of diversity among Greek Cypriot and Turkish 
Cypriot youth, as well as between Cypriot youth and American 
society through training sessions at AU and internships at 
U.S.-based community service institutions. Volunteer activity 
at a Cyprus-based community service organization is required 
upon completion of the program. 
b. Intended target audience: Greek Cypriot and Turkish 
Cypriot third year university students 
c. Size: 30 (15 GCs and 15 TCs) 
d. How long in existence: 3 years 
e. Assessment: This program maintains the highest application 
rate ever for BSP, as we continue to target young leaders 
attending Cypriot universities. Over the past three years, 
BSP has worked closely with Cypriot youth participants and 
program implementers affiliated with the American University 
to create a meaningful leadership and community service 
initiative. In 2004-2005, the Bicommunal Team evaluating the 
program shifted focus and included a Cyprus-based component 
to the initiative that requires all 
participants to carry out volunteer activities with a 
Cyprus-based NGO for a six-month period. During the second 
week of September 2005, BSP and program implementer, 
AMIDEAST, held a one-day workshop to assess program success, 
and to help participants network with local NGOs. 
f. Suggestions for improvement: Efforts at improving this 
program focus on establishing a strong Cyprus-based follow-on 
component. This year, BSP will continue to work with 
AMIDEAST, AU, and the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot 
participants to create meaningful and sustainable on-island 
activities that help participants apply skills learned and 
maintain bicommunal networks and collaborations. 
 
13. (C) Youth Summer Camps 
a. Brief Description: With a view to promoting tolerance and 
multicultural awareness, leadership and team building skills, 
BSP supported two U.S.-based summer camps: Bold Leaders 
Summer Camp hosted by Critical Mass Leadership Education, 
Inc., Denver, Co., and the Pro-active Leadership camp under 
the auspices of the Alliance for Conflict Transformation, 
Amherst, MA. Activities focused on conflict transformation, 
cross-cultural communication, outdoor challenge activities, 
and structured socializing and relaxing. 
b. Intended target audience: Greek Cypriot and Turkish 
Cypriot high school students (15/16 year olds) 
c. Size: Critical Mass Leadership: 44 (22 GCs and 22 TCs); 
Alliance for Conflict Transformation 32 (16 GCs and 16 TCs) 
d. How long in existence: Critical Mass Leadership: 2 years; 
Alliance for Conflict Transformation: 1 year 
e. Assessment: At follow-on meetings organized by the Embassy 
and AMIDEAST, campers clearly demonstrated how this program 
contributed in significant ways to their own personal growth 
as well as to their apeespect for diversity. 
Campers communicate and meet regularly.  Because of the 
success of the Critical Mass Leadership camp in 2004, 
participant numbers were increased in 2005 from 30 to 44 
campers and BSP decided to award a grant to another camp 
provider --the Alliance for Conflict 
Transformation. 
f. Suggestions for improvement: Efforts at improving this 
program focus on continuing the momentum in Cyprus so that 
bicommunal networks based on respect, tolerance, and mutual 
understanding are sustained. 
The strengthening of youth-oriented tolerance initiatives 
remains a BSP priority and prospective programs and projects 
should continue to target youth in different and meaningful 
ways. 
 
 
Embassy Outreach: Embassy employees visit institutions and 
speak on issues related to tolerance and extremism.  The 
following is a sample from last year: 
 
14. (C) International Terrorism 
a. Brief Description: September 10, 2004 - Ambassador Klosson 
was the keynote speaker on "International 
Terrorism" during a 9/11 ceremony organized at the U.S. 
Embassy in Nicosia. 
b. Audience: 100 Embassy wardens. 
c. Assessment: The program was very effective in reminding 
people about the destructive effects of terrorism and U.S. 
efforts in combating this serious problem. 
d. Improvement: The program could be enlarged to include 
public and private sector officials, businessmen, academics, 
and media representatives. 
 
15. (C) Cyprus and the Middle East 
a. Brief Description: Ambassador Klosson was the keynote 
speaker on "U.S. Foreign Policy in Cyprus and the Middle 
East." March 29, 2005 held at the Fulbright Center in the 
buffer zone. 
b. Audience:  250 bicommunal audience from the following 
groups: 
a) Cyprus Association of American University Graduates; b) 
Turkish Cypriot American Association; c) 
Fulbright Alumni Association; 
c. Effectiveness The program succeeded in explaining the 
factors that influence U.S. foreign policy formulation in 
Cyprus and the Middle East and efforts made by the U.S. and 
its allies in combating international terrorism. 
d. Improvement  The program could have included more groups 
from the Turkish Cypriot community. 
 
16. (C) U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East 
a. Brief Description: Political Officer Matthew Palmer spoke 
on "U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East" at the University 
of Cyprus on April 14, 2005 
b. Audience: 35 University of Cyprus students and faculty 
members. 
c. Effectiveness:  The program was effective in explaining 
the American viewpoint on regional issues including terrorism. 
d. Improvement:  The program could have been organized at a 
more convenient time in order to include more students and 
faculty members. 
 
 
International Visitor Program: The following are relevant 
programs from last year. 
 
17. (C) "Combating International Crime." 
a. Brief Description: Mr. Georgos Economou, 
Officer-in-Charge, Famagusta Drug Law Enforcement Unit 
participated in an IV program September 18-October 9, 2004. 
The program focused on foreign policy issues of concern to 
Europe and the U.S., including counter terrorism and security 
issues. 
b. Effectiveness:  Mr. Economou returned to Cyprus with a 
better understanding of U.S. institutions involved in the 
combat of international crime.  He also learned about the 
efforts made by international partners against cross-border 
criminal activities. 
c. Improvement:  More Cypriot officials should be nominated 
for participation in similar programs. 
 
18. (C) "Foreign Policy Challenges." 
a. Brief Description:   Ms. Yonca Senyigit, Secretary (right 
hand) to the Turkish Cypriot "Prime Minister" Mehmet Ali 
Talat participated in an IV program February 28-March 18, 
2005. The program focused on foreign policy issues of concern 
to Europe and the U.S., including counter terrorism and 
security issues. 
b. Effectiveness: Ms. Senyigit returned to Cyprus from her IV 
experience with increased understanding of the U.S. political 
system and the major domestic and international issues that 
influence foreign policy formulation including terrorism, 
defense, and international crime. 
c. Improvement The program would have been more effective if 
it had been bicommunal, i.e., if a Greek Cypriot official was 
also nominated for the same program.  This would have allowed 
direct communication between Cypriots who can play a role in 
domestic and international security issues. 
 
 
Cultural Programs 
 
19 (C)  "U.S. Policy Under the New Administration." 
a. Brief Description: U.S. Speaker John Sitilides, Executive 
Director, Western Policy Center delivered talks on "U.S. 
Policy Under the New Administration" February 3-4, 2005. 
Programs were organized in both Cypriot communities. 
Sitilides analyzed the domestic and international factors 
that influence U.S. foreign policy formulation and explained 
the Washington perspective on the most important 
international issues that cause instability in different 
parts of the world. He also described U.S. foreign policy 
in the southeastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. 
b. Audience: 200 individuals from the political, business, 
academic and NGOs, sectors. 
c. Effectiveness:  Very high.  As a result of his comments, 
many popular myths were dispelled about the motives behind 
U.S. foreign policy, specifically those areas relating to 
military intervention.  Attendees gained a better 
understanding of where local issues, such as the Cyprus 
Problem, fit in with broader U.S. foreign policy goals. 
d. Improvement More bicommunal programs should have been 
organized. 
 
20. (C) "Playing for Peace" 
a. Brief Description: The Apple Hill Chamber Players 
performed in concerts in public schools and other public 
venues in both communities February 14-17, 2005 under the 
theme "Playing for Peace."  Music workshops were also 
organized for music students. The Playing for Peace project 
is using music as a way to further the causes of world peace 
and understanding. 
b. Audience:  1,700 musicians and music lovers attended the 
performances and workshops, including younger audiences. 
c. Effectiveness: The Apple Hill program exposed Cypriot 
audiences to American classical music and conveyed the 
message that music can contribute to peace and friendship 
rather than resentment and antagonism. It generated contacts 
with the local secondary education system and enabled us 
address Post's new priority of reaching out to younger 
audiences. 
d. Improvement: More program days would allow post to program 
group in other cities and to organize more 
bicommunal events. 
 
 
The Bicommunal Development Program (BDP) 
 
21. USAID/Cyprus promotes tolerance and combats extremism 
through the BDP, which is implemented by the United Nations 
Development Program (UNDP) in partnership with authorities 
(from the Republic of Cyprus and the unrecognized &Turkish 
Republic of Northern Cyprus8) and civil society.  Projects 
include the preservation of Cyprus, common cultural heritage 
(including churches, mosques and cemeteries that have been 
inaccessible to their communities for decades), protection of 
Cyprus, shared environment and natural resources, promotion 
of unrestricted communication means such as the internet, and 
strengthening of civil society.  Examples of three projects 
focused on countering extremism and at risk groups are 
described below. 
 
22. (C) Education for Peace 
a. Brief description: AKTI and POST, Greek Cypriot and 
Turkish Cypriot NGOs, respectively, conducted this pilot 
project to review 6th grade history and literature books. The 
results indicate that "school education is an organic part of 
the ethnic conflict in Cyprus" and that the curriculum on 
each side promotes fear, mistrust, and even hatred by 
"demonizing" the other. Recommendations focused on 
educational reform that would help students develop respect 
for ethnic, religious and cultural diversity. The results of 
the project were presented to the public, educational 
authorities and leaders on both sides of the island. 
b. Intended Target Audience: Educational Authorities and 
Community Leaders 
c. Length: 1-year 
d. Assessment:  Initial reactions to the results were more 
positive than expected. Follow up programs will include the 
development of supplementary teaching materials. Authorities 
on both sides have indicated that they must lead educational 
reform (including text book revision), but would welcome 
assistance in developing supplementary teaching materials on 
topics like conflict resolution in 
the classroom. 
e. Suggestions for Improvement: An expanded approach that 
brings in international expertise from the U.S. and Europe. 
 
23. (C) Akova, Lefka and Prosvasi Community Centers 
a. Brief Description: The community centers project provides 
seed funding to community groups to establish and run centers 
for at risk community groups. Services have include language 
lessons (English, Greek for Turkish speakers, Turkish for 
Greek speakers), computer and internet lessons, basic 
business courses, and conflict resolution. 
b. Intended Target Audience: Disempowered women and youth in 
rural and poor urban communities. 
c. Length: Varied, over five years. 
d. Assessment: Although each of the centers has encountered 
unique obstacles, they have all managed to reach out to their 
target audience and change attitudes. 
e. Suggestions for Improvement: The program could be improved 
with support for additional centers and more opportunities 
for networking both between the communities and 
internationally. 
 
24. (C) On-island Summer Youth Camps 
a. Brief Description: Local NGOs implemented eleven on-island 
summer youth camps focused on popular themes such as 
environment, culture and sports. Each camp included conflict 
resolution and peace building as a sub-theme. In the summer 
of 2005 alone, the camps reached more than 600 young people 
between the ages of 8 and 25. Most of the young people who 
participated would not have had the opportunity to 
participate in USG-funded youth camps in the U.S. because 
they would not have met the strict eligibility requirements 
(GPA, etc.). 
b. Intended Target Audience: Youth from all walks of life, 
with emphasis on those in rural and disadvantaged areas. 
c. Length: First year. Pilot program. 
d. Assessment: By all accounts the program was successful. 
Formal assessment is currently in progress. 
e. Suggestions for Improvement: Individual youth camps could 
be coordinated with one another and more opportunities could 
be provided for follow up activity. 
 
ZIMMERMAN