This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 09 ANKARA 004147 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPARTMENT FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, EUR/PGI, EUR/SE 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PREL KCRM PHUM KWMN SMIG KFRD PREF TU TIP IN TURKEY
SUBJECT: TIP IN TURKEY: UPDATED MFA COUNTRY REPORT ON 
TRAFFICKING IN HUMANS 
 
 
¶1. (U) In response to G/TIP inquiries about anti-TIP public 
information campaigns, post provides the following TIP 
Country Report produced by the Turkish MFA's National Task 
Force on Human Trafficking.  The Report is available on-line 
at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website: 
http://www.mfa.gov.tr/. 
 
 
¶2.   Turkish MFA Country Report on Human Trafficking (June 
    2004): 
 
     TITLE: Updated Country Report of Turkey on Trafficking 
     in Human Beings Introduction 
 
     BEGIN TEXT: During past decades, organized criminal 
     groups have increasingly taken advantage of 
     globalization and technological developments and 
     expanded their activities worldwide by employing 
     sophisticated strategies. Accordingly, organized crime, 
     including human smuggling and trafficking in human 
     beings, have become more transnational and complex in 
     nature. Therefore, combating these activities requires 
     comprehensive strategies dealing with all aspects of 
     prevention, prosecution and protection, as well as firm 
     and effective international co-operation and co- 
     ordination. 
 
     Organized crime activities are interrelated. Criminal 
     networks behind human smuggling and trafficking in 
     human beings are at the same time involved in one or 
     more other forms of organized crime such as drug 
     trafficking, document fraud and money laundering. 
 
     Also, once they establish their network and 
     connections, they easily shift the focus of their 
     business from one form of crime activity to the other 
     depending on their calculation of risk and profit at a 
     given time. In this respect, it is currently recognized 
     that trafficking in human beings is rivaling drug 
     trafficking and arms smuggling in higher profitability 
     for lower risk. There are also evidences demonstrating 
     the fact that some terrorist organizations resort to 
     organized crime activities as a source of finance. 
     This state of affairs calls for an overall fight 
     against all forms of organized crime activities and 
     terrorism, not prioritizing one over the other in 
     international co-operation and co-ordination efforts. 
 
     On the other hand, a multi-disciplinary approach is 
     required particularly in the combat against trafficking 
     in human beings and human smuggling, including 
     appropriate social and economic measures which will 
     address their root causes such as poverty, economic 
     disparities and unemployment in the countries of origin 
     and the demand for sexual exploitation and for 
     inexpensive, socially unprotected and often illegal 
     labor in the countries of destination. In achieving 
     this, political will and collective efforts by origin, 
     transit and destination countries are crucial. 
 
     A distinction should however be made between human 
     smuggling and trafficking in human beings due to their 
     own specifics. This report deals only with trafficking 
     in human beings. 
 
 
     The Situation in Turkey 
 
     Turkey, at the crossroads of Asia, Middle East and 
     Europe, bordering eight countries and lapped by 5,000 
     miles of coastline, has seriously been confronted with 
     various forms of transnational organized crime, which 
     pose a threat to its social order and human and 
     democratic values. 
 
     The situation in Turkey vis a vis human smuggling and 
     trafficking in human beings is most often confused with 
     each other. Although Turkey is a transit country for 
     "migrant smugglers", no particular link has been 
     discovered as to the existence of organized transit 
     trafficking activity or trafficking networks operating 
     on the Turkish territory. 
 
     On the other hand, in recent years Turkey has become a 
     destination country for nationals of transitional 
     democracies, who are in search of better living 
     conditions and job opportunities abroad in the face of 
     conflicts or economic and social hardships prevailing 
     in their own countries. 
     Countries surrounding Turkey from the North to the 
     Northeast are generally accepted as countries of 
     origin. Nationals of these countries may enter Turkey 
     by a visa obtained at border gates and may stay in 
     Turkey for up to one month. Their purpose is twofold. 
     Mostly, they travel to Turkey for "suitcase trading", 
     the volume of which has reached considerable amounts 
     during past years. Secondly, they come to Turkey in 
     search of job opportunities, which were available for 
     them only in illegal labor markets until recently. 
 
     While their presence in Turkey is generally voluntary, 
     their illegal work and resident status, nevertheless, 
     make them vulnerable to exploitation. Some of them 
     obtain legal residency through arranged marriages. Some 
     others end up in small workshops, in tourism and 
     entertainment sector or in private households, working 
     illegally without any job security, insurance or 
     administrative and judicial safeguards. According to 
     statistics, majority of male workers are employed in 
     the construction sector and females in domestic 
     services. 
 
 
     International obligations 
 
     In addition to many longstanding international 
     instruments dealing with "white slave trade" and 
     "trafficking in women and children", Turkey is a party 
     to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. 
     According to Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention, 
     States Parties undertake to protect the child from all 
     forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse and to 
     take all appropriate national, bilateral and 
     multilateral measures to prevent inducement or coercion 
     of a child to engage in any unlawful sexual activity, 
     the exploitative use of children in prostitution or 
     other unlawful sexual practices, the exploitative use 
     of children in pornographic performances and materials 
     and the abduction of, sale of or traffic in children 
     for any purpose or in any form. 
 
     On 9 May 2002, the Turkish Grand National Assembly also 
     adopted the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the 
     Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child 
     prostitution and child pornography. 
 
     In Palermo, on 13 December 2000, Turkey was among the 
     initial signatories of the UN Convention against 
     Transnational Organized Crime and of its two additional 
     Protocols including the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress 
     and Punish Trafficking, especially women and children. 
     Turkey ratified both the Convention and its additional 
     Protocols on 18 March 2003. 
 
     By adopting these international instruments Turkey 
     clearly indicated her political will to combat against 
     trafficking in human beings in co-operation with the 
     world community and commits herself to translate the 
     provisions included therein into its own legislation. 
 
 
     Legal framework 
 
     While voluntary individual prostitution is legal in 
     Turkey, incitement to prostitution and trafficking in 
     human beings are described as crimes and are punishable 
     under the Penal Code and the Law on Combating Benefit- 
     Oriented Criminal Organizations. Additionally, certain 
     provisions of the Passport Law and the Law on the 
     Prevention of Money Laundering contain provisions that 
     apply to trafficking cases. Administrative decrees and 
     regulations build on the legal basis with a focus on 
     implementation. 
     Article 201 of the Penal Code, as amended in August 
     2002, includes the definition of trafficking in human 
     beings and prescribes heavy penalties for traffickers, 
     including 5 to 10 years of heavy imprisonment. The 
     amended article (Article 201/b) reads as follows: 
     "Article 201/b - Those who provide, kidnap, take or 
     transfer from one place to another and house 
     individuals with the intention of making them work or 
     serve by force, subject them to slavery or similar 
     treatment, threaten, pressure, use force or coercion to 
     persuade them to give up their bodily organs, use undue 
     influence, secure their consent by deception or by 
     exploiting the desperation of such individuals shall be 
     sentenced to five to ten years of heavy imprisonment 
     and a heavy fine of not less than one billion Turkish 
     Liras. 
     If the actions that constitute a crime are attempted 
     with the intentions described in the first paragraph, 
     the victim is assumed not to have given his/her 
     consent. 
 
     If children below the age of eighteen are procured, 
     kidnapped, taken or transferred from one place to 
     another or housed with the intentions specified in 
     paragraph one, even when no intermediary actions 
     relating to the crime are committed, the penalties 
     foreseen in paragraph one shall still be applied to the 
     perpetrator. 
 
     If the crimes listed in the paragraphs above are 
     committed as an organization, the penalties foreseen 
     for the perpetrators shall be doubled." 
 
     The Law on Combating Benefit-Oriented Criminal 
     Organizations, on the other hand, criminalizes 
     establishing, promoting, leading or participating in 
     benefit-oriented criminal organizations with a view to 
     carrying out organized crime activities, which could 
     include, inter alias, trafficking in human beings. In 
     order to combat criminal organizations, the law 
     empowers the investigative authorities with special 
     procedural techniques such as tapping or intercepting 
     telecommunications, clandestine surveillance, reviewing 
     records and data, and employing secret agents. However, 
     to safeguard respect for human rights, judicial decree 
     is sought before implementing such measures. Protective 
     measures are available for witnesses. In trans-boundary 
     and organized cases of trafficking in human beings, 
     like in any other organized crime activities, 
     perpetrators are tried before the State Security 
     Courts, whereas individual cases of incitement to 
     prostitution fall under the jurisprudence of the courts 
     of justice. 
 
     According to Article 8 of the Passport Law, foreigners 
     who are engaged in prostitution, or earn their living 
     by inciting women into prostitution, and those involved 
     in trafficking in women are denied entry to Turkey. 
 
     The Turkish Parliament has approved the Amendment to 
     Article 5 of the Citizenship Law on 4 June 2003. With 
     this amendment, a probation period of 3 years is 
     required for acquiring Turkish citizenship through 
     marriage. Accordingly, those who have a job 
     incompatible with the marriage and do not share the 
     same house with his/her spouse will not be able to 
     acquire Turkish citizenship. 
     The Law on Residence and Travel of Foreigners in 
     Turkey, on the other hand, allows entry of the child 
     under 18 to Turkey only when accompanied by or with the 
     permission of their parents or legal guardian. 
 
 
     Legislative review 
 
     In September 2003, a new Law on Working Permits for 
     Foreigners entered into force. The law increases legal 
     employment opportunities for foreigners in Turkey, by 
     permitting their work under limited, unlimited or 
     independent work permits. Employment in domestic 
     services is also made possible. The Ministry of Labour 
     and Social Security is authorized to issue all forms of 
     work permits for foreigners to ensure better management 
     and control over the process. The law aims at providing 
     legal protection for foreigners against exploitation in 
     labour markets and extending legal and administrative 
     safeguards to private services. 
 
 
     National coordination and international cooperation 
 
     In Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible 
     for national coordination of issues related to 
     trafficking in human beings. The Ministry chairs the 
     National Task Force on Combating Trafficking in Human 
     Beings, which is composed of experts from concerned 
     ministries and NGOs such as the Human Rights Presidency 
     of the Prime Minister's Office, the Foundation for the 
     Development of Human Resources (IKGV), the Ministry of 
     Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry 
     of Justice, the Ministry of Labour and Social Security 
     and the Directorate General of the Status and Problems 
     of Woman. 
 
     The National Task Force was convened for the first time 
     in October 2002 and had five more meetings, last being 
     on 18 February 2004. The National Action Plan, prepared 
     by the Task Force is already under implementation. 
 
     The Directorate General of the Status and Problems of 
     Woman, on the other hand, provides co-operation and co- 
     ordination with the non-governmental organizations.  In 
     accordance with the National Action Plan, the non- 
     governmental organizations active in the field of 
     protection of foreign victims of human trafficking, are 
     encouraged and supported with the best means possible. 
 
 
     Turkey supports all international efforts aimed at 
     combating trafficking in human beings and actively 
     participates in activities of the OSCE, the Council of 
     Europe, NATO and the Stability Pact Task Force on 
     Trafficking in Human Beings. IOM, ICMPD, SECI and 
     EUROPOL are other main co-operation partners of Turkey 
     in this area. 
 
     In this framework, Turkey participated to the seminar 
     organized by the European Council in co-operation with 
     the "Gender Development Association", a Georgian NGO, 
     on 6-7 November 2002 in Tbilisi on fight against 
     trafficking in South Caucuses. Ukraine, Georgia, 
     Armenia, Azerbaijan, Italy and IOM Georgia also 
     attended the seminar. 
 
     Turkey   also participated in the regional Validation 
     Seminar that has been organized on 15-16 November 2002 
     in Bucharest regarding the project on publication of 
     the Regional Anti-Trafficking Law Enforcement Manual. 
     Turkish judges have participated in the programme for 
     the "Development of an Anti-Trafficking Module for 
     Judges and Prosecutors" organized by the Stability Pact 
     and the ICMPD on 10-13 April 2003 in Sofia and the 
     follow-up seminar of the same program on 17-19 November 
     2003 in Sofia. 
 
     Turkish experts also participated in the Experts Group 
     meeting organized on 16 May 2003 by the European Union 
     in Brussels. 
 
     Turkish experts are participating to the ongoing 
     meetings of the ad-hoc committee (CAHTEH), which is 
     entrusted to prepare a Convention Against Trafficking 
     in Human Beings. 
 
     Further co-operation possibilities are considered 
     particularly with the IOM on a project basis in areas 
     of awareness raising, national referral mechanisms, 
     victim protection, and voluntary return and 
     reintegration assistance. 
 
     In this framework, Turkey is not only participating but 
     also co-funding the project on "Establishment of the 
     Network of and Joint Training for Operational Law 
     Enforcement Officers, NGOs and International 
     Organizations in Fighting Human Trafficking into the EU 
     Member States from EU Accession Countries and Countries 
     Bordering the EU after Enlargement" which is 
     implemented by IOM, in cooperation with the European 
     Commission (EC), European Parliament (EP), selected EU 
     Member States, as well as the Candidate Countries and 
     Third Countries bordering the enlarged European Union 
     under the European Commission Directorate General 
     Justice and Home Affairs' AGIS Programme 2003. 
 
     Designated focal point for general international 
     contacts in counter-trafficking efforts is the Director 
     General of Consular Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign 
     Affairs. The Ministry of Interior, on the other hand, 
     has appointed national contact points to cooperate with 
     the Stability Pact Task Force in areas of awareness 
     raising, exchange of expert information, law 
     enforcement and victim protection. Contact point from 
     the Ministry of Justice has assumed co-ordination on 
     legal reform. 
 
     Turkey is offering bilateral co-operation initiatives 
     to the main countries of origin, whose nationals target 
     Turkey in search of better standards of living and 
     become vulnerable to exploitation of organized 
     trafficking networks. Bilateral agreements between 
     Turkey and countries like Azerbaijan and Ukraine on 
     combating organized crime also provide legal framework 
     for co-operation in the fight against trafficking. 
     Turkey renewed her wish to cooperate on this issue by 
     sending a Note Verbal addressed to the Embassies of 
     source countries in Ankara. In this regard, a draft 
     protocol on cooperation in combating trafficking in 
     human beings is proposed to these source countries on 
     November 20, 2003. So far, the positive responses of 
     Belarus and Ukraine have been received. 
 
     A Twinning Project on "Strengthening Institutions in 
     the Fight against Trafficking in Human Beings" has been 
     developed under the European Union 2003 Pre-accession 
     Financial Assistance Programme. The overall objective 
     of the project is to meet the minimum standards for the 
     elimination of trafficking in human beings and 
     strengthen the institutions dealing with trafficking. 
     The planned duration of the project is 18 months. The 
     proposal of the Federal Republic of Germany has been 
     accepted, within this proposal the short-term expertise 
     of the Austrian team will also be provided. 
 
     On the other hand, visa application measures are set in 
     order to prevent fake certificates of good services 
     issued by some companies in the countries of origin to 
     be used in the entertainment sector, such as in casinos 
     or hotels. In this respect, a questionnaire is prepared 
     to obtain detailed information on the identity of visa 
     applicants. Visa applicants are requested to fill in 
     and sign in this questionnaire. The aim of the 
     questionnaire is to determine whether or not the 
     certificates of good services are authentic. The 
     Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the States concerned has 
     to certify the authenticity of these documents before 
     Turkish authorities accept the said documents. 
 
 
     Current activities and needs for improvement 
 
     -    Prosecution of Traffickers 
 
     In Turkey prostitution is legal and is considered as a 
     personal matter of the individual. It is, however, 
     prohibited for foreigners. 
 
     Although incitement to prostitution and trafficking in 
     human beings are crimes that require heavy penalties 
     under Turkish Penal Code, since the victims tend to 
     hide or deny their cases due to traditional and ethical 
     reasons or security concerns, identification and/or 
     prosecution of those responsible for these crimes is 
     difficult. Without victim's assistance and testimony, 
     legal action against criminals becomes impossible. 
 
     In the meantime, police has initiated action against 40 
     enterprises in the entertainment sector upon suspected 
     human trafficking activities. Investigations are 
     underway. 
 
 
     -Victim Protection 
 
     As a major step, the Ministry of Interior signed a 
     protocol on 4 September 2003 with the Foundation for 
     the Development of Human Resources (IKGV), a well- 
     established non-governmental organization that actively 
     involves in projects aimed at improving social and 
     health conditions and assists to victims of trafficking 
     in human beings. The protocol includes provisions on 
     the establishment of shelters and a center to provide 
     victims with psychological and medical counseling, the 
     establishment of a regional network involving NGOs also 
     from the countries of origin and on awareness raising 
     activities. According to the protocol, the security 
     units will inform the IKGV when they identify a victim 
     of trafficking. Representatives of the IKGV will 
     communicate with the victim and provide the victim with 
     medical and legal assistance. 
 
     The Turkish Government, with its limited resources, 
     provides, if necessary, accommodation and emergency 
     services including psychiatric services, out of 
     national budget and funds. The Ministry of Health has 
     made the necessary arrangements in order to provide 
     medical treatment free of charge to victims of 
     trafficking in human beings. A decree to this effect 
     has become effective on 2 January 2004. 
     The Ministry of Interior is developing an improved 
     screening method in order to identify victims of 
     trafficking and to address their specific needs. A 
     questionnaire with the cooperation of the MFA and the 
     IKGV has been prepared to this effect. At the National 
     Task Force meeting members were asked to elaborate 
     additional criteria to be included in the 
     questionnaire. 
 
     Moreover, victims who would like to return to their 
     country are not subjected to pay a fine due to their 
     illegal overstay. 
 
     Women who are not identified as victims of trafficking 
     in human beings go through a process that includes a 
     thorough compulsory medical check at hospitals. 
     Multiple tests are conducted to confirm the diagnosis 
     in cases of infection. Tests are completed within one 
     day. In curable cases like syphilis, treatment is also 
     concluded. Final test results should be available 
     before repatriation. 
 
     The National Task Force is working on a special 
     arrangement to allow allocation of funds from the 
     Social Aid and Solidarity Fund of the Prime Ministry, 
     which is designed to provide aid to Turkish citizens in 
     need of help and, if necessary, to those who entered to 
     Turkey. When finalized, foundations established by the 
     Fund in 931 towns will be able to assist victims of 
     trafficking under this arrangement. 
     To address the specific needs of the children, a new 
     Department for Children Affairs has been established 
     within the Ministry of Interior. Accordingly Children 
     Protection Units have been designated in 81 cities. 
 
 
     -    Repatriation 
 
     Certain difficulties are experienced in the safe return 
     of victims to their countries of origin. It takes 
     between 10 days to 2 months to obtain necessary travel 
     documents. Difficulties are also encountered in 
     covering travel expenses due to lack of special funds. 
 
     The Ministry of Interior authorized governorates to 
     issue the victims of trafficking with a humanitarian 
     visa and temporary residence permit where necessary in 
     order to allow them to stay in Turkey for 
     rehabilitation and treatment. So far, 22 victims were 
     issued with such permits. 
 
     The Ministry of Interior has authorized governorates on 
     April 9, 2004, to extend the duration of temporary 
     residence permits up to 6 months for the victims of 
     trafficking. In case of necessity, this duration can 
     also be prolonged. 
 
     -    Researches and Statistics 
 
     A special questionnaire was prepared and sent over to 
     10.000 courts nationwide. Another questionnaire to 
     collect detailed data on sentenced criminals and on 
     trafficking victims has also been sent out. 
     According to Article 201/b (human trafficking) of the 
     TPC the final processed data regarding the cases that 
     were transferred to the criminal courts in 2003, is as 
     follows: 
 
       27 lawsuits have been initiated, 13 of which has 
       been concluded and 14 of which have been transferred 
       to the 2004. The number of accused persons within 
       the 13 concluded lawsuits is 31 and the total number 
       of the plaintiffs is 48. 
 
 
     -    Awareness Raising/Media Coverage 
 
     Turkish media is sensitive to criminal and humanitarian 
     aspects of trafficking in human beings. Trafficking 
     cases and international developments are reported 
     widely in the media. 
 
     Awareness raising activities are focused on official 
     targets such as law enforcement authorities. In 
     addition to training programs, various events were 
     organized to raise awareness and interest on the issue. 
 
 
     In this respect, the Enlarged Council of the 
     International Women Lawyers Federation, which was held 
     in Turkey on 1 September 2001, had trafficking in human 
     beings as the special topic on its agenda. The 
     President of the Republic of Turkey, Mr. Ahmet Necdet 
     Sezer and the Minister of Justice opened the meeting. 
     150 women lawyers attended the meeting and a final 
     declaration was adopted. 
 
     The Directorate General of the Status and Problems of 
     Woman organized two panels on 19 December 2002 and 18 
     December 2003. Chiefs of Security of several cities, 
     several NGOs and local press representatives 
     participated in the said panels. During the panels, a 
     consensus on establishing cooperation to combat human 
     trafficking between NGO's representatives and 
     Governorates has been reached. Similar panels are 
     planned to be organized in other provinces.  Moreover, 
     a meeting with the representatives of media has been 
     organized in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to inform 
     the public through the media on the fight against 
     trafficking in human beings. 
 
     The Human Rights Presidency of the Prime Minister's 
     Office organized ten seminars for representatives of 
     the media in May 2003. Seven other seminars for state 
     officials are planned within the framework of a project 
     financed by the Council of Europe. Awareness raising 
     programs are also planned for members of city and town 
     councils. 
 
     Within the framework of the World Tourism and Ethical 
     Act, the Ministry of Tourism in July 2002 has prepared 
     a guide for the use of all the actors of the tourism 
     sector. The Guide has been compiled by the members of 
     144 countries of the World Tourism Organization and has 
     been accepted by the General Assembly of the United 
     Nations during the 13th Meeting of the UN General 
     Assembly by the majority. It includes regulations to be 
     implemented by all the parties concerned in the tourism 
     sector. 
 
     According to the paragraph 3 of the Article 2 of the 
     said guide, countries shall in cooperation with other 
     countries, take the necessary measures in order to 
     prevent all kind of exploitation and especially the 
     exploitation of children. These measures shall not be 
     taken only by the country which is receiving tourists, 
     but also by the country of origin of the person who 
     committed the said offense during his visit." 
 
 
     -    Training 
 
     Anti-trafficking training is an integral part of the 
     general professional training in the Turkish 
     International Academy against Drugs and Organized 
     Crimes. During the 4-week basic training program a full 
     day is allocated to special training on trafficking 
     issues. Participants include police officers as well as 
     other national and regional law enforcement officials. 
 
     Trafficking in human beings has also been included in 
     the curricula of the Police Academy for final year 
     students starting from this academic year. Around one 
     thousand students will benefit from this lesson. 
     Additionally, the Turkish Gendarmerie has included as 
     from October 2003 the subject of trafficking in human 
     beings in its education curriculum. 
 
     Finally, the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of 
     Justice are organizing special seminars/training 
     programs to address different aspects of trafficking. 
     Turkish experts take part also in comprehensive 
     training programs organized by the Stability Pact Task 
     Force, ICMPD and IOM. 
 
 
     Recent Developments 
 
     As a result of the consultations between Istanbul 
     Metropolitan Municipality and Human Resources 
     Development Foundation (IKGV) under the guidance of 
     Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a shelter in Istanbul is 
     provided for the victims of trafficking. A protocol on 
     the establishment of the shelter will be signed between 
     Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and IKGV during the 
     NATO Summit with the participation of Deputy Prime 
     Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdullah Gl 
     and United States Secretary of State Colin Powell. 
 
     As a result of the operation organized by the 
     Directorate of Security of Erzurum, 11 persons have 
     been arrested and 9 of them have been sent to Court. 3 
     of them were police officers. An investigation has been 
     launched about those 3 police officers. After their 
     trial, 2 police officers are sentenced to 6 months of 
     imprisonment and to heavy fine. They are also expelled 
     from their profession. One police officer has 
     acquitted. This event shows once again the importance 
     that Turkey attaches to combating trafficking in 
     human beings. 
 
     Yalova Criminal Court issued verdict (according to 
     Article 201/b of the TPC) for five defendants on 
     February 11, 2004, four of whom have been confined to 
     imprisonment of 4 years and 2 months and a fine of 
     1.325.000.000 TL. The accused persons are prohibited 
     from employment in public services for 3 years. 
     On January 2004, with the cooperation of the Ministry 
     of Justice, the IKGV and the British Council, a seminar 
     for judges on trafficking in human beings was organized 
     in Istanbul. The particularity of the seminar was that 
     40 attorney generals have attended this training. 
 
     The Ministry of Interior, ensuring better dialog and co- 
     ordination between the police and the other relevant 
     authorities dealing with human trafficking, has 
     established a specialized unit dealing with trafficking 
     cases on January 2004. 
 
     On 19 July 2003 a new Road Transportation Law entered 
     into force. The Road Transportation Regulation has been 
     drafted and will soon be effective. The transportation 
     permit will be cancelled for 3 years if the person is 
     sentenced according to certain crimes and trafficking 
     in human beings and smuggling of migrants. 
 
     The Ministry of Labor and Social Security prepared a 
     sample contract in Turkish and in the language of the 
     applicant for working permit. The sample contract 
     includes clauses on the working conditions, such as the 
     minimum wage. Furthermore the emergency number of the 
     police is mentioned in the contract specimen. The 
     coordinates of the IKGV will also be included. 
 
     Although the Law on the Prevention of Money Laundering 
     does not contain provisions that apply to trafficking 
     in human beings, a draft Law on Money Laundering of the 
     Financial Crimes has been prepared by the Financial 
     Crime Investigation Board and submitted to the Prime 
     Ministry. In the draft law, the financial benefit 
     obtained from trafficking in human beings is defined as 
     a financial crime. The money laundering of this benefit 
     is also prescribed as a crime. END TEXT. 
DEUTSCH