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Viewing cable 10SANTIAGO164, CHILE HOSTS INTERNATIONAL ICE AND CLIMATE CONFERENCE;

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
10SANTIAGO164 2010-02-05 19:47 2011-08-26 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Santiago
VZCZCXRO7916
RR RUEHAO RUEHCD RUEHHO RUEHNG RUEHRS
DE RUEHSG #0164/01 0361950
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 051947Z FEB 10
FM AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0728
INFO WESTERN HEMISPHERIC AFFAIRS DIPL POSTS
RUMIESS/SOUTHCOM IESS MIAMI FL
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 SANTIAGO 000164 
 
SIPDIS 
STATE FOR S/SECC 
STATE FOR WHA/BSC, WHA/EPSC AND EEB/ESC/IEC 
STATE FOR OES/ENV 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ECON ENRG SENV PGOV KGHG CI
SUBJECT: CHILE HOSTS INTERNATIONAL ICE AND CLIMATE CONFERENCE; 
SHRINKING GLACIERS REQUIRE A NATIONAL MONITORING STRATEGY 
 
REF: 08 SANTIAGO 1096 
 
1.  Summary:  Chile hosted hundreds of experts from over 22 
countries at a three-day international glaciology and climate 
conference, 1-3 February 2010.  Chilean President Michelle Bachelet 
inaugurated the event with a speech commemorating the country's 
achievements in glaciology studies, the scientific underpinnings of 
climate change, and expressing support for an 
internationally-binding agreement on climate change.  The 
conference featured new research results and stimulated discussion 
of on-going cryospheric and climatic changes in the Southern 
Hemisphere.  A prominent Chilean glaciologist presented a 
conceptual roadmap for a tiered approach to prioritize monitoring 
of Chile's glaciers as the country continues to develop its 
national glacier policy.  U.S. universities and research 
institutions were well-represented at the event and the Embassy 
sponsored an expert speaker from NASA.  The conference received 
broad media coverage.  End Summary. 
 
 
 
Background:  Chile's Climate Change Strategy and National Glacier 
Policy 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
------------------------ 
 
 
 
2.  For the past several years, Chile has focused more of its 
policy efforts on climate change.  The country's latest five year 
National Climate Change Strategy for 2008-2013 (reftel) identifies 
-- under the section "Adapting to the Effects of Climate Change" -- 
hydro resources, food production, urban and coastal infrastructure, 
and energy supply as most susceptible to climate change and, among 
other near-term goals, recommended constructing a glacier 
inventory, installing a monitoring network, and generating a 
glacier management strategy.  Chile's National Water Authority 
(Direccion General de Aguas or "DGA") has the authority to 
implement this plan.  In addition, in April 2009, Chile's National 
Environmental Commission (CONAMA) approved the National Glacier 
Policy, an agreement between the government, the National Mining 
Society, and the Mining Council, which represents 17 of the 
nation's largest mining companies. The policy requires 
environmental impact studies when projects are undertaken on or 
near glaciers. 
 
 
 
Ice and Climate Change: A View from the South 
 
--------------------------------------------- -------------- 
 
 
 
3.  Chile's Center of Scientific Studies (Centro de Estudios 
Cientificos - CECS), in conjunction with Fundacion Imagen de Chile, 
hosted the "Ice and Climate Change: A View from the South" (VICC 
2010) glaciology conference in Valdivia, Chile, 1-3 February 2010 
(www.cecs.cl/vicc).  Co-sponsors included the Climate and 
Cryosphere (CliC) Project of the World Climate Research 
Program-Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (WCRP-SCAR); the 
International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS); the 
International Glaciology Society (IGS); the Center for Advanced 
Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA); the Center of Innovation in 
Engineering (CIN); the National Commission for Scientific 
Investigation and Technology (CONICYT); Chile's Millennium Science 
Initiative (ICM); and the Embassy. 
 
 
 
4.  The conference, which attracted hundreds of experts, academics, 
consultants, and students from over 22 countries, featured new 
research results and stimulated discussion of on-going cryospheric 
(defined as the frozen part of the Earth's surface, including the 
polar ice caps, continental ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, and 
permafrost) and climatic changes in the Southern Hemisphere.  The 
broad-ranging topics included: 
 
 
 
-- Changes to glaciers, ice sheets and shelves, permafrost, sea 
ice, snow cover and freshwater ice, from both climatic changes and 
human activities; 
 
SANTIAGO 00000164  002 OF 004 
 
 
-- Climate of the Southern Hemisphere: variability vs. trends; 
 
 
 
-- Remote sensing and geophysical techniques for cryospheric 
studies; 
 
 
 
-- Modeling of cryospheric processes and data assimilation; and, 
 
 
 
-- Societal and economic impacts, risk management, adaptation, 
mitigation, and public policies. 
 
 
 
 
 
Glaciers are Strategically Important for Chile and the World 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
------ 
 
 
 
5.  Opening her inaugural remarks by joking that she wanted to give 
everyone a "warm" welcome, President Michelle Bachelet pointed out 
that, over the past decade Chile had become a major player in the 
field of glaciology, which she described as "strategically 
important for [the country's] future.  Touting VICC 2010 as the 
first major post-Copenhagen glaciology conference, she praised the 
"untiring work of scientists that underpins policy-makers' 
decisions."   Bachelet's remarks were carried live on national 
radio. 
 
 
 
6.   President Bachelet expressed concern that around 90 percent of 
Chile's 3,000-plus glaciers -- over 80 percent of the ice in South 
America -- are showing signs of shrinkage.  She cited the 4th 
report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 
which estimated western Antarctic glaciers and ice sheets will 
contribute around 80 cm to sea level rise over the next century. 
Bachelet noted this was the rationale for supporting multinational, 
flexible approaches to tackling global warming.   Adding a plug for 
technology transfers and financing, she expressed Chile's support 
for an internationally-binding agreement on climate change as soon 
as possible. 
 
 
 
7.   Touting Chile's new environmental institutions, including its 
new ministry of environment, the Council of Ministers for 
sustainable development, and the pending creation of an 
environmental court, President Bachelet emphasized the importance 
of glaciers, strategic fresh water reserves, and hydrology.  She 
outlined the efforts of DGA, which has been tasked with creating a 
national glacier inventory.  Finally, displaying her well-known 
personal touch, she mentioned glaciologist Jens Wendt, who died in 
a plane crash in April 2009, becoming the first CECS researcher to 
fall in the line of duty. 
 
 
 
U.S. Experts on Ice:  Satellites, Radar and Remote Sensing 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
---- 
 
 
 
8.  There were a number of U.S. experts representing an array of 
American universities and research institutions at the conference. 
Many of them focused on the Antarctic ice sheets, e.g., Steven 
Arcone from the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering 
Laboratory (CRREL) presented on radar profiles; Konrad Steffen from 
the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences 
(CIRES) at University of Colorado-Boulder discussed the Climatology 
of the Larsen C ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula; and 
 
SANTIAGO 00000164  003 OF 004 
 
 
University of Washington researcher Bernard Hallet used the surface 
characteristics of glaciers and fjord sediments to model glacial 
erosion rates. 
 
 
 
9.  In addition, Post's public affairs section sponsored Dr. Jay 
Zwally from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. 
Zwally explained that, based on his analysis of the mass balance of 
the Antarctic ice sheet using ICESat laser altimetry from 
2003-2008, he concluded the overall rate of mass loss from 
Antarctic grounded ice had not changed significantly since the 
1990s.  [Note:  This conclusion contrasts with the findings of many 
other researchers studying other sections of the Antarctic.  End 
note.]  Zwally commented positively in Chile's leading daily (El 
Mercurio) on President Obama's decision to increase funding for 
NASA earth science. 
 
10.  Several U.S. experts concentrated more on the glaciers in 
South America, e.g. Mathias Viulle from the State University of New 
York-Albany talked about climate change and glaciers in South 
America's arid zone, and Bryan Mark from Ohio State University 
evaluated hydrological changes from climate change and tropical 
Andean glacier recession.  Some U.S. researchers highlighted 
projects by displaying a poster, e.g. Joan Ramage from Lehigh 
University showed her group's analysis of variations in Equilibrium 
Line Altitudes (ELAs) on remote Peruvian glaciers.  Ramage also 
explained the work of Michael Willis from Cornell University, who 
was not present, but displayed a poster on his work entitled 
"Remote Sensing of Velocities and Elevation Change at Outlet 
Glaciers of the Northern Patagonian Icefield, Chile." 
 
 
 
Chile Developing a National Plan for Glacier Monitoring and Climate 
Impacts 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
---------------------------- 
 
 
 
11.  Andres Rivera, a prominent glacier researcher at CECS, gave a 
presentation titled "A Nationwide Strategic Plan for Improving 
Current Knowledge of Chilean Glaciers and Modeling Glacier Impacts 
on Climate Change."  According to Rivera, DGA commissioned CECS to 
prepare this as a policy paper/roadmap for the GOC to improve the 
country's understanding of its glacier resources, including "a 
diagnosis of recent changes, an evaluation of the current 
capability for scientific and technological glacier research in 
Chile and a [proposal] for a systematic monitoring/observation 
system for future data collection, enabling modeling and 
forecasting of glacier response to future climatic scenarios." 
 
 
 
12.  In addition to outlining Chile's attempts to legally define a 
glacier, Rivera proposed a 5-tiered approach to prioritize the 
depth/detail to which the country's over 3,700 glaciers should be 
inventoried, monitored, and studied.  He noted that CECS has 
started a pilot project on University Glacier and later told 
ESTHoff that CECS has three stations (about $20,000 in 
instrumentation at each) on this glacier, two on the ice and one in 
the runoff area.  He also said Chile recently acquired a $90,000 
forward looking infrared camera, but expressed concerns about the 
best platform to exploit this new equipment and noted that both 
training/logistical support are needed.  Rivera emphasized to 
ESTHoff that training for students and technology transfer are 
areas where Chile could use greater assistance. 
 
 
 
Comment:  The Glaciers are Shrinking and Chile Needs More 
Glaciologists! 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
------------------------- 
 
 
 
13.  One general conclusion from the conference was that the rate 
of glacier recession appears to have increased in recent years and 
preserving the ice record contained in this disappearing resource 
is important to understand long-term climate variations.  Chile is 
 
SANTIAGO 00000164  004 OF 004 
 
 
putting a huge amount of effort into developing its national 
glacier strategy, but it is evident that there are major gaps in 
human resources, funding, and technology.  The U.S.-Chile 
Environmental Cooperation Work Plan for 2009-2011 (septel) has 
identified the development of a pilot glacier-monitoring project in 
Chile as a priority.  Post notes that USG agencies could both 
provide a real benefit and possibly derive benefits from increased 
collaboration on cryospheric monitoring and analysis. 
URBAN