Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 143912 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
AORC AS AF AM AJ ASEC AU AMGT APER ACOA ASEAN AG AFFAIRS AR AFIN ABUD AO AEMR ADANA AMED AADP AINF ARF ADB ACS AE AID AL AC AGR ABLD AMCHAMS AECL AINT AND ASIG AUC APECO AFGHANISTAN AY ARABL ACAO ANET AFSN AZ AFLU ALOW ASSK AFSI ACABQ AMB APEC AIDS AA ATRN AMTC AVIATION AESC ASSEMBLY ADPM ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG AGOA ASUP AFPREL ARNOLD ADCO AN ACOTA AODE AROC AMCHAM AT ACKM ASCH AORCUNGA AVIANFLU AVIAN AIT ASECPHUM ATRA AGENDA AIN AFINM APCS AGENGA ABDALLAH ALOWAR AFL AMBASSADOR ARSO AGMT ASPA AOREC AGAO ARR AOMS ASC ALIREZA AORD AORG ASECVE ABER ARABBL ADM AMER ALVAREZ AORCO ARM APERTH AINR AGRI ALZUGUREN ANGEL ACDA AEMED ARC AMGMT AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL ASECAFINGMGRIZOREPTU ABMC AIAG ALJAZEERA ASR ASECARP ALAMI APRM ASECM AMPR AEGR AUSTRALIAGROUP ASE AMGTHA ARNOLDFREDERICK AIDAC AOPC ANTITERRORISM ASEG AMIA ASEX AEMRBC AFOR ABT AMERICA AGENCIES AGS ADRC ASJA AEAID ANARCHISTS AME AEC ALNEA AMGE AMEDCASCKFLO AK ANTONIO ASO AFINIZ ASEDC AOWC ACCOUNT ACTION AMG AFPK AOCR AMEDI AGIT ASOC ACOAAMGT AMLB AZE AORCYM AORL AGRICULTURE ACEC AGUILAR ASCC AFSA ASES ADIP ASED ASCE ASFC ASECTH AFGHAN ANTXON APRC AFAF AFARI ASECEFINKCRMKPAOPTERKHLSAEMRNS AX ALAB ASECAF ASA ASECAFIN ASIC AFZAL AMGTATK ALBE AMT AORCEUNPREFPRELSMIGBN AGUIRRE AAA ABLG ARCH AGRIC AIHRC ADEL AMEX ALI AQ ATFN AORCD ARAS AINFCY AFDB ACBAQ AFDIN AOPR AREP ALEXANDER ALANAZI ABDULRAHMEN ABDULHADI ATRD AEIR AOIC ABLDG AFR ASEK AER ALOUNI AMCT AVERY ASECCASC ARG APR AMAT AEMRS AFU ATPDEA ALL ASECE ANDREW
EAIR ECON ETRD EAGR EAID EFIN ETTC ENRG EMIN ECPS EG EPET EINV ELAB EU ECONOMICS EC EZ EUN EN ECIN EWWT EXTERNAL ENIV ES ESA ELN EFIS EIND EPA ELTN EXIM ET EINT EI ER EAIDAF ETRO ETRDECONWTOCS ECTRD EUR ECOWAS ECUN EBRD ECONOMIC ENGR ECONOMY EFND ELECTIONS EPECO EUMEM ETMIN EXBS EAIRECONRP ERTD EAP ERGR EUREM EFI EIB ENGY ELNTECON EAIDXMXAXBXFFR ECOSOC EEB EINF ETRN ENGRD ESTH ENRC EXPORT EK ENRGMO ECO EGAD EXIMOPIC ETRDPGOV EURM ETRA ENERG ECLAC EINO ENVIRONMENT EFIC ECIP ETRDAORC ENRD EMED EIAR ECPN ELAP ETCC EAC ENEG ESCAP EWWC ELTD ELA EIVN ELF ETR EFTA EMAIL EL EMS EID ELNT ECPSN ERIN ETT EETC ELAN ECHEVARRIA EPWR EVIN ENVR ENRGJM ELBR EUC EARG EAPC EICN EEC EREL EAIS ELBA EPETUN EWWY ETRDGK EV EDU EFN EVN EAIDETRD ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ ETEX ESCI EAIDHO EENV ETRC ESOC EINDQTRD EINVA EFLU EGEN ECE EAGRBN EON EFINECONCS EIAD ECPC ENV ETDR EAGER ETRDKIPR EWT EDEV ECCP ECCT EARI EINVECON ED ETRDEC EMINETRD EADM ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID ETAD ECOM ECONETRDEAGRJA EMINECINECONSENVTBIONS ESSO ETRG ELAM ECA EENG EITC ENG ERA EPSC ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EIPR ELABPGOVBN EURFOR ETRAD EUE EISNLN ECONETRDBESPAR ELAINE EGOVSY EAUD EAGRECONEINVPGOVBN EINVETRD EPIN ECONENRG EDRC ESENV EB ENER ELTNSNAR EURN ECONPGOVBN ETTF ENVT EPIT ESOCI EFINOECD ERD EDUC EUM ETEL EUEAID ENRGY ETD EAGRE EAR EAIDMG EE EET ETER ERICKSON EIAID EX EAG EBEXP ESTN EAIDAORC EING EGOV EEOC EAGRRP EVENTS ENRGKNNPMNUCPARMPRELNPTIAEAJMXL ETRDEMIN EPETEIND EAIDRW ENVI ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC EDUARDO EGAR EPCS EPRT EAIDPHUMPRELUG EPTED ETRB EPETPGOV ECONQH EAIDS EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EAIDAR EAGRBTIOBEXPETRDBN ESF EINR ELABPHUMSMIGKCRMBN EIDN ETRK ESTRADA EXEC EAIO EGHG ECN EDA ECOS EPREL EINVKSCA ENNP ELABV ETA EWWTPRELPGOVMASSMARRBN EUCOM EAIDASEC ENR END EP ERNG ESPS EITI EINTECPS EAVI ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID ELTRN EADI ELDIN ELND ECRM EINVEFIN EAOD EFINTS EINDIR ENRGKNNP ETRDEIQ ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EAIDNI EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD EAIT ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ EWWI ENERGY ELB EINDETRD EMI ECONEAIR ECONEFIN EHUM EFNI EOXC EISNAR ETRDEINVTINTCS EIN EFIM EMW ETIO ETRDGR EMN EXO EATO EWTR ELIN EAGREAIDPGOVPRELBN EINVETC ETTD EIQ ECONCS EPPD ESS EUEAGR ENRGIZ EISL EUNJ EIDE ENRGSD ELAD ESPINOSA ELEC EAIG ESLCO ENTG ETRDECD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ECINECONCS
KPKO KIPR KWBG KPAL KDEM KTFN KNNP KGIC KTIA KCRM KDRG KWMN KJUS KIDE KSUM KTIP KFRD KMCA KMDR KCIP KTDB KPAO KPWR KOMC KU KIRF KCOR KHLS KISL KSCA KGHG KS KSTH KSEP KE KPAI KWAC KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KPRP KVPR KAWC KUNR KZ KPLS KN KSTC KMFO KID KNAR KCFE KRIM KFLO KCSA KG KFSC KSCI KFLU KMIG KRVC KV KVRP KMPI KNEI KAPO KOLY KGIT KSAF KIRC KNSD KBIO KHIV KHDP KBTR KHUM KSAC KACT KRAD KPRV KTEX KPIR KDMR KMPF KPFO KICA KWMM KICC KR KCOM KAID KINR KBCT KOCI KCRS KTER KSPR KDP KFIN KCMR KMOC KUWAIT KIPRZ KSEO KLIG KWIR KISM KLEG KTBD KCUM KMSG KMWN KREL KPREL KAWK KIMT KCSY KESS KWPA KNPT KTBT KCROM KPOW KFTN KPKP KICR KGHA KOMS KJUST KREC KOC KFPC KGLB KMRS KTFIN KCRCM KWNM KHGH KRFD KY KGCC KFEM KVIR KRCM KEMR KIIP KPOA KREF KJRE KRKO KOGL KSCS KGOV KCRIM KEM KCUL KRIF KCEM KITA KCRN KCIS KSEAO KWMEN KEANE KNNC KNAP KEDEM KNEP KHPD KPSC KIRP KUNC KALM KCCP KDEN KSEC KAYLA KIMMITT KO KNUC KSIA KLFU KLAB KTDD KIRCOEXC KECF KIPRETRDKCRM KNDP KIRCHOFF KJAN KFRDSOCIRO KWMNSMIG KEAI KKPO KPOL KRD KWMNPREL KATRINA KBWG KW KPPD KTIAEUN KDHS KRV KBTS KWCI KICT KPALAOIS KPMI KWN KTDM KWM KLHS KLBO KDEMK KT KIDS KWWW KLIP KPRM KSKN KTTB KTRD KNPP KOR KGKG KNN KTIAIC KSRE KDRL KVCORR KDEMGT KOMO KSTCC KMAC KSOC KMCC KCHG KSEPCVIS KGIV KPO KSEI KSTCPL KSI KRMS KFLOA KIND KPPAO KCM KRFR KICCPUR KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNNB KFAM KWWMN KENV KGH KPOP KFCE KNAO KTIAPARM KWMNKDEM KDRM KNNNP KEVIN KEMPI KWIM KGCN KUM KMGT KKOR KSMT KISLSCUL KNRV KPRO KOMCSG KLPM KDTB KFGM KCRP KAUST KNNPPARM KUNH KWAWC KSPA KTSC KUS KSOCI KCMA KTFR KPAOPREL KNNPCH KWGB KSTT KNUP KPGOV KUK KMNP KPAS KHMN KPAD KSTS KCORR KI KLSO KWNN KNP KPTD KESO KMPP KEMS KPAONZ KPOV KTLA KPAOKMDRKE KNMP KWMNCI KWUN KRDP KWKN KPAOY KEIM KGICKS KIPT KREISLER KTAO KJU KLTN KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KEN KQ KWPR KSCT KGHGHIV KEDU KRCIM KFIU KWIC KNNO KILS KTIALG KNNA KMCAJO KINP KRM KLFLO KPA KOMCCO KKIV KHSA KDM KRCS KWBGSY KISLAO KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KCRI KX KWWT KPAM KVRC KERG KK KSUMPHUM KACP KSLG KIF KIVP KHOURY KNPR KUNRAORC KCOG KCFC KWMJN KFTFN KTFM KPDD KMPIO KCERS KDUM KDEMAF KMEPI KHSL KEPREL KAWX KIRL KNNR KOMH KMPT KISLPINR KADM KPER KTPN KSCAECON KA KJUSTH KPIN KDEV KCSI KNRG KAKA KFRP KTSD KINL KJUSKUNR KQM KQRDQ KWBC KMRD KVBL KOM KMPL KEDM KFLD KPRD KRGY KNNF KPROG KIFR KPOKO KM KWMNCS KAWS KLAP KPAK KHIB KOEM KDDG KCGC
PGOV PREL PK PTER PINR PO PHUM PARM PREF PINF PRL PM PINS PROP PALESTINIAN PE PBTS PNAT PHSA PL PA PSEPC POSTS POLITICS POLICY POL PU PAHO PHUMPGOV PGOG PARALYMPIC PGOC PNR PREFA PMIL POLITICAL PROV PRUM PBIO PAK POV POLG PAR POLM PHUMPREL PKO PUNE PROG PEL PROPERTY PKAO PRE PSOE PHAS PNUM PGOVE PY PIRF PRES POWELL PP PREM PCON PGOVPTER PGOVPREL PODC PTBS PTEL PGOVTI PHSAPREL PD PG PRC PVOV PLO PRELL PEPFAR PREK PEREZ PINT POLI PPOL PARTIES PT PRELUN PH PENA PIN PGPV PKST PROTESTS PHSAK PRM PROLIFERATION PGOVBL PAS PUM PMIG PGIC PTERPGOV PSHA PHM PHARM PRELHA PELOSI PGOVKCMABN PQM PETER PJUS PKK POUS PTE PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PERM PRELGOV PAO PNIR PARMP PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PHYTRP PHUML PFOV PDEM PUOS PN PRESIDENT PERURENA PRIVATIZATION PHUH PIF POG PERL PKPA PREI PTERKU PSEC PRELKSUMXABN PETROL PRIL POLUN PPD PRELUNSC PREZ PCUL PREO PGOVZI POLMIL PERSONS PREFL PASS PV PETERS PING PQL PETR PARMS PNUC PS PARLIAMENT PINSCE PROTECTION PLAB PGV PBS PGOVENRGCVISMASSEAIDOPRCEWWTBN PKNP PSOCI PSI PTERM PLUM PF PVIP PARP PHUMQHA PRELNP PHIM PRELBR PUBLIC PHUMKPAL PHAM PUAS PBOV PRELTBIOBA PGOVU PHUMPINS PICES PGOVENRG PRELKPKO PHU PHUMKCRS POGV PATTY PSOC PRELSP PREC PSO PAIGH PKPO PARK PRELPLS PRELPK PHUS PPREL PTERPREL PROL PDA PRELPGOV PRELAF PAGE PGOVGM PGOVECON PHUMIZNL PMAR PGOVAF PMDL PKBL PARN PARMIR PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PDD PRELKPAO PKMN PRELEZ PHUMPRELPGOV PARTM PGOVEAGRKMCAKNARBN PPEL PGOVPRELPINRBN PGOVSOCI PWBG PGOVEAID PGOVPM PBST PKEAID PRAM PRELEVU PHUMA PGOR PPA PINSO PROVE PRELKPAOIZ PPAO PHUMPRELBN PGVO PHUMPTER PAGR PMIN PBTSEWWT PHUMR PDOV PINO PARAGRAPH PACE PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOVAU PGOF PBTSRU PRGOV PRHUM PCI PGO PRELEUN PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PMR PRTER PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PRELNL PINOCHET PAARM PKPAO PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA POPDC PRELC PHUME PER PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PAUL PHALANAGE PARTY PPEF PECON PEACE PROCESS PPGOV PLN PRELSW PHUMS PRF PEDRO PHUMKDEM PUNR PVPR PATRICK PGOVKMCAPHUMBN PRELA PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PBT PAMQ

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 10KINSHASA42, UPDATE ON NYAMULAGIRA VOLCANO NEAR GOMA: SPECIALIST SAYS

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #10KINSHASA42.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
10KINSHASA42 2010-01-12 12:11 2011-08-26 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Kinshasa
VZCZCXRO5649
OO RUEHBZ RUEHDU RUEHGI RUEHJO RUEHMR RUEHRN
DE RUEHKI #0042/01 0121212
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O R 121211Z JAN 10
FM AMEMBASSY KINSHASA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0028
INFO RWANDA COLLECTIVE
SOUTHERN AF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY COLLECTIVE
RHEFDIA/DIA WASHINGTON DC
RHMFISS/HQ USAFRICOM STUTTGART GE
RUCXJAC/JAC MOLESWORTH JCDX RAF MOLESWORTH UK
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHINGTON DC
RUEHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS 0006
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 KINSHASA 000042 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PREL PGOV SENV UNESCO ECON EPET PREF CG
SUBJECT: UPDATE ON NYAMULAGIRA VOLCANO NEAR GOMA: SPECIALIST SAYS 
RELEASE OF DANGEROUS GAS IS UNLIKELY 
 
REF: 10 Kinshasa 08 
 
1.  Summary:  On Thursday January 7, USAID/OFDA Rep and Goma-based 
POLOFF attended a special briefing by Dario Tedesco, an Italian 
volcanologist with extensive experience analyzing Goma's volcanoes 
and Lake Kivu.  Tedesco said that although lava flows were not 
headed toward any populated area, the lava from this eruption might 
well flow over the Goma-Sake road if the eruption continued for 
several months.  He did not think this was a possibility for at 
least another several weeks, however.  He reassured the community 
it was very unlikely lava from this eruption could release deadly 
gases from Lake Kivu or that it would trigger an eruption of 
Nyiragongo Volcano, much close to Goma.  In terms of humanitarian 
side effects, Tedesco doubted that water pollution would be a major 
concern, but suggested that the effects on agriculture in the area 
could be serious if the eruption continued long term.  Tedesco also 
doubted the value of any possible future "degassing" interventions 
for the lake.  In the days following the briefing, volcanic 
activity has significantly diminished, and the chances that this 
eruption will have major detrimental effects on the populations or 
the environment subsided.  End summary. 
 
 
 
Major concerns 
 
-------------- 
 
 
 
2.  At the time of Tedesco's briefing, Nyamulagira volcano, 
approximately 35 kilometers from Goma and in proximity to the 
Virunga Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site, was in full eruption, 
with lava flowing both from an external fissure and also beginning 
to fill in the previously-empty crater.  The flow from the fissure 
had, since the beginning of the eruption early in the morning on 
January 2, already traveled 7 kilometers in a southerly direction, 
covering approximately half the distance between the volcano and 
the Goma-Sake road.  By January 7, it was, however, no longer 
moving very quickly, having cooled significantly and having spread 
from a 15-meter wide stream to one over 200m in width. 
 
 
 
3.  There were three major concerns at the time:  that the lava 
flow would cross the Goma-Sake road, cutting off access to Sake and 
Masisi from Goma for as long as it continued to flow, that the 
activity of Nyamulagira could trigger an eruption in Nyiragongo 
Volcano, just 10 kilometers from Goma, and finally, that the lava 
would reach Lake Kivu at a point somewhere in the Kabuno Bay, the 
part of the lake near Sake that is almost cut off completely from 
the rest of the lake and which has a different and more volatile 
chemical composition than the rest of the lake. (There had been 
considerable speculation that an influx of lava into this part of 
Lake Kivu could cause a "turnover" of the gas trapped beneath the 
lake's surface and release a deadly cloud of CO2 gas that could 
kill residents of Sake and Minova, similar to what occurred with 
Lake Nyos in Cameroon in 1986.)  It was not a concern that lava 
would reach populated areas since it was not headed in that 
direction and couldn't, for topographical reasons, reach Goma. 
 
 
 
4.  As regards the concern of Nyamulagira "triggering" an eruption 
in Nyiragongo, Tedesco pointed out that Nyamulagira and Nyiragongo 
have separate underground systems and that an eruption in one would 
not normally "cause" the eruption of the other and has not done so 
in the past.  He noted, however, that since it was seismic activity 
deep underground that had permitted an eruption in Nyamulagira, it 
could not be ruled out that the same seismic activity might also 
affect Nyiragongo.  There were, he insisted, as yet no signs that 
Nyiragongo was preparing to erupt. 
 
 
 
5.  As concerns the Goma-Sake road, Tedesco first noted that 
Nyamulagira eruptions were very common, occurring every 2-3 years 
or so.  He added that though eruptions had been short in duration 
in recent years, the volcano was known to have historically 
undergone eruptions lasting up to 3 years.  Given that the current 
eruption was showing no signs of declining intensity at the volcano 
itself, but rather causing lava fountains of greater height than 
 
KINSHASA 00000042  002 OF 003 
 
 
during the first days of the eruption, and that seismic activity 
had not decreased, Tedesco thought there was still a good 
possibility -- if the eruption continued -- that lava might indeed 
reach the Goma-Sake road.  Given the distance between the volcano 
and the road, and the viscosity of the lava now approaching the 
road, this, however, would not happen for another 3-8 weeks. 
 
 
 
6.  Tedesco then turned to the question of the danger of the lava 
eventually releasing the CO2 gas of Kabuno Bay.  He did not feel 
this was at all likely.  In his view, an "overturn" of the lake 
could be caused only by a sudden serious major event, such as an 
earthquake, a large landslide, or a sudden major volcanic eruption 
in or quite near the lake.  He pointed out that the lava from 
Nyamulagira, if it reached the lake, would be traveling very slowly 
and enter the lake over a period of time, not suddenly.  Tedesco 
also felt that historical evidence indicated that the lake was not 
as unstable as some people were suggesting.  He noted that though 
there was much CO2 present, quite close to the surface of the lake, 
"saturation" had not been reached.  Most importantly, the lake, he 
observed, had survived many major "traumas" in recent history -- 
serious earthquakes, large volcanic eruptions lasting years and 
dumping many tons of lava into the lake -- without having 
manifested any dramatic reaction.  By historical standards, the 
present flow of lava from Nyamulagira -- if it reached the lake at 
all (which is 4 km further south than the Goma-Sake road -- was a 
minor event, and very unlikely to cause any special catastrophe. 
Tedesco noted also that even were there a gas release from Kabuno 
Bay, winds -- which normally flow east to west -- would most likely 
carry these towards the west and not towards Goma. 
 
 
 
7.  Local humanitarian actors had been concerned that the ash from 
the volcano's eruption could contaminate water sources in nearby 
population centers.  Some tests conducted had confirmed that 
drinking water in some communities was below standards for safety. 
Tedesco pointed out, however, that only communities obtaining water 
from standing sources would be affected.  Spring water, as well as 
fresh rain water, could be expected to be pollution free. 
Regarding the tests conducted, Tedesco doubted that the poor 
quality results had anything to do with the volcano's current 
eruption, but were rather chronic problems for these communities 
living in areas with no good water sources. 
 
 
 
8.  The major concern, in Tedesco's view, was the possible effect 
on agriculture in the area if the eruption were long in duration. 
The ash and hair-like debris from the eruption were dangerous for 
grazing animals and for agriculture.  He agreed that moving cattle 
and other grazing stock away from the area would be a wise 
precaution, and suggested that awareness campaigns be conducted to 
ensure that populations washed agricultural products from the Sake 
area well before consuming them. 
 
 
 
Possible risk reduction via degassing of the Kabuno Bay 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------- 
 
 
 
9.  In a private conversation, USAID/OFDA Rep asked Tedesco 
specifically if he thought a "degassing" intervention of the type 
in place in Lake Nyos in Cameroon -- where CO2 is allowed to escape 
the lake gradually through the insertion of a large tube -- would 
significantly reduce the risk of a deadly gas release from Lake 
Kivu at some point in the future.  Tedesco was of the opinion that 
this was not a priority, given both the proven stability of the 
lake and the undesirability of adding more CO2 to the atmosphere in 
the current "global warming" context.  He added that a small such 
operation was already in place in Kabuno Bay. 
 
 
 
Post-briefing developments 
 
-------------------------- 
 
KINSHASA 00000042  003 OF 003 
 
 
10.  In the days that have followed Tedesco's briefing, volcanic 
activity at the Nyamulagira source has weakened significantly.  The 
lake has drained and lava stopped flowing from the fissure in major 
quantities.  The original lava flow has veered in an easterly 
direction away from the direction of the Sake-Goma road toward an 
uninhabited forest area, though additional deviations are possible. 
Though the volcanologists of the Goma Volcanic Observatory say it 
is too early to declare that the eruption is for sure completely 
over, it now seems clear that neither the road (still 11 kilometers 
distant) nor the lake will be touched.  There has also been a 
significant decrease in volcanic ash falling into areas west of the 
volcano. 
GARVELINK