VZCZCXYZ0031
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHNR #2648/01 3551312
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 211245Z DEC 09
FM AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0214
INFO RUEHNR/AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
RUEILB/NCTC WASHINGTON DC

UNCLAS NAIROBI 002648 
 
SIPDIS 
S/CT: RHONDA SHORE AND NCTC 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ASEC PREL PTER SO
SUBJECT: SOMALIA: 2009 Country Reports on Terrorism 
 
REF: STATE 109980 
 
¶1. The fragile hold on power of Somalia's Transitional Federal 
Government (TFG), a protracted state of violent instability, long 
unguarded coasts, porous borders, and proximity to the Arabian 
Peninsula, made Somalia an attractive location for international 
terrorists seeking a transit or launching point for operations 
there or elsewhere.  Despite continuing peace efforts by the TFG 
and moderate opposition, the terrorist group al-Shabaab (The Youth) 
continued to control much of southern Somalia. The TFG and 
peacekeepers of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) were 
confined to parts of Mogadishu.  Foreign fighters were involved in 
al-Shabaab's fight against rival militias and the TFG.  Several 
foreign extremists were involved in terrorist attacks, including 
suicide bombings. 
 
 
 
¶2. In January the last Ethiopian troops withdrew from Somalia.  On 
January 31, Somalia's newly expanded parliament, meeting in 
Djibouti under UN auspices, elected the former leader of the 
Islamic Courts Union, Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, as president of 
Somalia. The move came just days after the Djibouti wing of the 
Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia entered into a 
power-sharing deal with the TFG.  Over the next several months 
Sharif announced the imposition of moderate sharia law in Somalia 
and made other efforts to reach out to the opposition, but 
al-Shabaab and other radical groups rejected these moves.  Armed 
Islamist group attacks in May through July left the TFG isolated in 
Mogadishu and reliant on AMISOM for protection. The capability of 
the TFG and other Somali local and regional authorities to carry 
out counterterrorism activities is extremely limited. Somalia-based 
piracy remained a significant threat in the Gulf of Aden and the 
Somali basin. The international community continued naval 
anti-piracy operations but the pirates continued to capture ships, 
some while sailing hundreds of miles from Somalia's shores. While 
there is no clear nexus with terrorism, such a link remains 
possible. 
 
 
 
¶3. Al-Shabaab, which has connections with al-Qa'ida (AQ), consists 
of a disparate grouping of armed extremist militia, many of whom do 
not adhere to the jihadist ideology that is held by the group's 
leaders.  Several senior al-Shabaab leaders are believed to have 
trained and fought with AQ in Afghanistan.  These leaders have 
founded and support a number of training camps in Somalia for young 
national and international recruits to al-Shabaab.  In these camps, 
AQ affiliated foreign fighters often lead the training and 
indoctrination of the recruits. Al-Shabaab and other extremists 
conducted suicide attacks, remote-controlled roadside bombings, 
kidnappings, and assassinations of government officials, 
journalists, humanitarian workers, and civil society leaders. 
Al-Shabaab threatened UN and other foreign aid agencies and their 
staff. 
 
 
 
¶4. Foreign AQ operatives continued to operate in Somalia under 
al-Shabaab's protection.  These included  Fazul Abdullah Mohammed 
(aka Harun Fazul), and Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan, wanted for the 1998 
embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania and a 2002 hotel bombing in 
Kenya.  On September 14 special operations forces killed Saleh 
Nabhan while he was traveling in a convoy of armed vehicles.  In 
November Fazul was reportedly named Nabhan's successor as AQ leader 
in Somalia. 
 
 
 
¶5. In March AQ released a video entitled "Fight on, Champions of 
Somalia" in which Usama Bin Ladin urged al-Shabaab to overthrow the 
TFG.  On September 21, al-Shabaab proclaimed its allegiance to 
Osama bin Laden in a video entitled "At Your Service, Osama".  The 
48-minute film was posted on Islamist Internet forums while 
al-Shabaab fighters distributed DVD copies and organized public 
screenings in Mogadishu. 
 
 
 
¶6. During the year there were numerous high profile terrorist 
attacks inside Somalia: 
 
 
 
On February 22, a double suicide bombing on an AMISOM base killed 
11 soldiers and wounded 15 others. 
 
On March 26, a roadside bomb injured Somalia's interior minister 
Sheik Abdulkadir Ali Omar and killed his secretary in Mogadishu. 
 
 
 
On April 19, gunmen kidnapped two foreigners working for Medecins 
Sans Frontieres (MSF) in Huddur, Bakool region. They were released 
ten days later.  Shortly after this MSF announced that 
deteriorating security was forcing it to close the Huddur health 
center and four others in Somalia. 
 
 
 
On May 17, four foreign fighters and 13 other al-Shabaab members 
reportedly died in Mogadishu when the vehicle bomb they were 
constructing detonated prematurely. 
 
 
 
On May 24, an al-Shabaab suicide bomber killed six policemen and a 
civilian at a police headquarters in Mogadishu. 
 
 
 
On June 18, an al-Shabaab suicide bomber killed 35 people in 
Beledweyne, including TFG Security Minister Omar Hashi Aden. 
 
 
 
On July 10, al-Shabaab militants in the city of Baidoa publicly 
beheaded seven people accused of being Christians or spies for the 
TFG. 
 
 
 
On July 14, al-Shabaab kidnapped two French security advisors from 
their hotel in Mogadishu.  One later escaped and the second is 
still being held. 
 
 
 
On July 17, armed men claiming to belong to al-Shabaab kidnapped 
three foreign aid workers, including one American citizen, in 
Mandera, Kenya and took them across the border into Somalia.  All 
were released in October, reportedly after a ransom was paid. 
 
 
 
On July 21, the UN announced it had suspended humanitarian 
operations in Baidoa after al-Shabaab fighter's looted equipment 
and vehicles from the UN compound there and at the UN office in 
Wajid. 
 
 
 
On September 17, two al-Shabaab suicide bombers in stolen UN 
vehicles killed 21 people in an attack on an AMISOM base in 
Mogadishu.  The dead included the deputy AMISOM commander and 16 
other peacekeepers. 
 
 
 
On November 1, a remote-controlled bomb killed five Somaliland 
military officers, including a division commander. 
 
 
 
On November 2, gunmen attempted to hijack a Daallo Airlines flight 
from Bosasso, Puntland, to Djibouti.  Other passengers overpowered 
the hijackers and the plane returned to Bosasso. 
 
 
 
On November 12, gunmen shot to death Puntland judge Sheikh Mohamed 
Abdi Aware, who had recently jailed four al-Shabaab members. 
 
 
 
On December 3, a suspected al-Shabaab suicide bomber disguised as a 
 
woman killed at least 23 people, including three government 
ministers, at a graduation ceremony for a university in Mogadishu. 
The Danish intelligence service reported that the bomber was a 
Somali citizen who had residence in Denmark. 
 
 
 
On December 12, Somali militants unsuccessfully attempted to kidnap 
 
an Italian nun from the town of Wajir, 50km inside Kenya. 
 
 
 
On December 13, Puntland Vice President Col Shire survived a bomb 
attack on his motorcade 30KM south of Bosasso, Puntland. 
 
 
 
On December 14, a roadside bomb killed three policemen on patrol in 
Bosasso. 
 
 
 
In mid-December, al-Shabaab militants reportedly killed more than 
ten people who were praying at the grave of a famous Sufi sheikh in 
Lower Shabelle region. 
 
 
 
¶7. Western and regional nations worked to assist Somalia through 
training and support for TFG security forces.  On November 17, EU 
Ministers of Foreign Affairs and European Defense meeting in 
Brussels approved the concept of a European initiative to train the 
Somali security forces. 
 
 
 
¶8. The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), continued to 
secure the air and sea ports and presidential compound in 
Mogadishu.  In November AMISOM announced a total of 80 of its 
soldiers had died since deploying to the country in 2007. Uganda 
had lost 37 troops killed and Burundi 43, mainly in suicide attacks 
and roadside bombings. 
 
 
 
¶9. POC for this CRT draft is Samuel Madsen, madsensa@state.gov. 
RANNEBERGER