VZCZCXRO3041
RR RUEHBZ RUEHDU RUEHGI RUEHJO RUEHMR RUEHRN
DE RUEHKI #1127/01 3561542
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 221542Z DEC 09
FM AMEMBASSY KINSHASA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0481
INFO RUEHXR/RWANDA COLLECTIVE
RUCNSAD/SOUTHERN AF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RHEFDIA/DIA WASHDC
RUEHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS 1329
RUEHBS/AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS 2986
RUEHBZ/AMEMBASSY BRAZZAVILLE 0177

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 KINSHASA 001127 
 
SENSITIVE 
 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR INR, RRU, IIP/G/AF, IIP/T/GIC, AF/C, AF/PDPA 
 
E.O.12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV KDEM KPAO OIIP PREL PHUM CG
SUBJECT:   NGO REPORT ON DRC PRESS FREEDOM SAYS VIOLATIONS 
       ARE DOWN BUT REPRESSION AND HARRASSMENT REMAIN 
 
REF:       (A) Kinshasa 448; (B) Kinshasa 969; 
           (C) Kinshasa 1090; (D) Kinshasa 1097 
 
KINSHASA 00001127  001.2 OF 003 
 
 
¶1.  (SBU) Summary:  The 2009 annual report on press freedom in 
Central Africa by NGO "Journalistes en Danger" (Journalists In 
Danger - JED) notes a significant decrease in recorded violations of 
press freedom in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from the 
previous year.  However, the report also describes a repressive 
atmosphere due to pressure exerted on journalists and press organs 
by government officials, ranking from cabinet ministers to agents of 
the national intelligence service and local police officers.  The 
chilling effects of these pressures, along with economic 
difficulties, often push journalists to engage in self-censorship 
and/or corruption.  While the GDRC touts the decrease in recorded 
incidents as indication that it supports a free press, JED argues 
that the situation has by no means improved, and rather that 
repression has become "softer," but no less effective.  End 
summary. 
 
Actual violations are down 
-------------------------- 
 
¶2.  (SBU) The state of freedom of the press in the DRC dominates 
JED's 2009 report on the subject in Central Africa, titled "Freedom 
of the Press:  Living between Fear and Survival."  According to the 
report, published on December 10 to commemorate International Human 
Rights Day, there were 31.8 percent fewer violations against press 
freedom in the DRC during 2009 than the previous year (in the 
report, documented violations include murders, assaults, arrests, 
detentions, threats, and illegal sanctions or censorship against 
journalists or press organs).  While JED recorded 110 violations in 
2008, the group found only 75 in 2009. 
 
But soft repression remains 
--------------------------- 
 
¶2.  (SBU) Despite the significant decrease in documented violations, 
JED did not find a measurable improvement in either the overall 
state of press freedom or the content of press reports.   The NGO 
also argues that forces working to restrict press freedom have 
become both more subtle and more effective.  In his introduction to 
the report, JED President Donat M'Baya writes that "methods of 
repression have become softer," and journalists are increasingly 
resorting to self-censorship.  M'Baya argues that following a series 
of murders of journalists beginning in 2005, and the government's 
inability (or unwillingness) to prosecute those responsible, 
"journalists have become afraid to address, in a professional 
manner, certain difficult subjects like the war in the East, 
corruption and embezzlement." 
 
¶3.  (SBU) JED singles out for criticism Minister of Media and 
Communications Lambert Mende, some of whose public statements were 
"barely veiled threats" against the press, while his official 
actions like the cutting of Radio France International's signal 
throughout the DRC (Ref A) and insistence that international 
journalists be subject to military penal code (Ref B) were clear 
violations of press freedom.  However, in a December 11 letter to 
selected ambassadors from Europe and the U.S., Mende used the same 
report that criticizes him to bolster his claims that efforts by the 
GDRC to improve human rights in general and liberty of the press in 
particular have worked.  JED also highlights the role of the 
Qparticular have worked.  JED also highlights the role of the 
domestic intelligence service (ANR), which it claims was responsible 
for 26 of the 75 documented incidents of attacks against the press. 
The ANR, particularly in the provinces, is called "the most 
repressive agency against freedom of the press." 
 
Buying of consciences 
--------------------- 
 
¶4.  (SBU) Economic and political pressures severely restrict press 
freedom, according to the JED report, which comments:  "Yesterday's 
repression has been replaced by the buying of consciences."  The 
widespread custom of buying off journalists to report favorable 
stories (Ref C) has become institutionalized by the hiring of 
journalists by government officials.  The JED report criticizes 
Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito for having "hired journalists from all 
the principal media organs in Kinshasa."  These journalists spend 
their days working for the prime minister, "and at night are in 
their respective newsrooms, making sure there is no bad news." 
According to JED, this practice is not restricted to the Prime 
Minister.  "Every ministry has its own journalists who work as press 
 
KINSHASA 00001127  002.2 OF 003 
 
 
agents or communication advisors."  This leads to a situation where 
"the borders between communication, propaganda, and news no longer 
exist," particularly in television news broadcasts.  As a 
consequence, the public increasingly turns off news programs, 
preferring camera-on-the-street shows like "Le Journal en Lingala 
Facile (The News in Simple Lingala)," which they find more 
accurately portrays life in the DRC. 
 
Murder and Death Threats 
------------------------ 
 
¶5.  (SBU) One murder and 17 cases of threats or harassment against 
journalists were recorded in 2009.  South Kivu remains the most 
dangerous province for journalists, with one journalist murdered and 
several receiving death threats (Ref D).  During the night of August 
22-3, Bruno Koko Chirambiza, a journalist at Radio Star, was 
murdered in Bukavu, South Kivu.  On September 9 in Bukavu, two 
female journalists for Radio Okapi, Delphine Namuto and Kadi 
Adzouba, received death threats by SMS, while Jolly Kamuntu, a 
journalist for Radio Maendeleo, was also named as a target. 
 
 
¶6.  (SBU) Gilbert Nawezi, journalist with Radio du Plein Evangile 
(Full Gospel Radio), a religious radio station in Likasi, Katanga 
Province, received a death threat from an agent of the ANR on 
February 27, in reaction to a broadcast where Nawezi commented on 
the state of local roads.  Joel Buabua Nuamona, journalist with 
Business Radio Television and Radio Television Kintwadi in Kinshasa, 
received a death threat by SMS on March 26.  Jeef Saile, editor of 
the Kinshasa weekly Le Barometre, received an SMS on September 17 
threatening him and his family with death, shortly after having 
published an article on alleged embezzlement in the Ministry of 
Finance.  On October 18, Alain Bakajika, reporter with the 
government radio-television network RTNC, received two phone calls 
from the same unidentified person threatening him with death if he 
wasn't careful what he said on the air.  (Note:  While the previous 
murders of journalists give cause for all these threats to be taken 
very seriously, some might just be acts of crude intimidation or 
even pranks.  End note.) 
 
Acts of violence 
---------------- 
 
¶6.  (SBU) JED documented 17 cases of assault against journalists in 
¶2009.  Pierre Komba, journaist with Radio Television Amani, a 
religious rado station owned by the Catholic Church in Kisangani, 
was assaulted by national police officers on January 23, while he 
covered a march of local students protesting against the 
reinstatement of a school principal suspended for corruption. 
Jomming Kasiama, cameraman with Canal Kin TV, a private television 
station associated with the political opposition, was assaulted by 
national police officers on January 19 while filming damage to a 
Kinshasa street.  Kathy Katayi, reporter with Radio Okapi in 
Kananga, Kasai Orientale, was assaulted on March 3 by a dozen 
officers of the national police.  Tresor Nduaya, cameraman with 
Canal Congo Television, a private television station in Kinshasa 
associated with the political opposition, was assaulted by officers 
of the national police while trying to film the demolition of 
private homes.  Paulin Munanga, reporter for Radio Okapi in 
Lubumbashi, was assaulted on August 7 by agents of the ANR while 
covering a demonstration by human rights activists.  Pepe Lisungi, 
Qcovering a demonstration by human rights activists.  Pepe Lisungi, 
journalist with OPED FM, a private radio station in Kisangani, was 
assaulted by the governor of Orientale Province and his bodyguards, 
while covering a strike by unpaid workers. 
 
Arrests and detentions 
---------------------- 
 
¶7.  (SBU) JED documented 23 cases of journalists being arrested or 
detained during the course of their work.  Coco Tanda, cameraman for 
Canal Numerique Television, a private station in Kinshasa, was 
arrested on March 15 and held for two days, along with three 
representatives of local NGOs, for having organized a march and 
sit-in to protest the eviction of National Assembly President Vital 
Kamerhe.  Guillaume Mudibu, assistant director of Maendeleo de 
Salamabila radio station in Maniema Province, was arrested on 
charges of abetting high treason for having aired an interview with 
a local traditional chief whose declarations were seen to have 
"discouraged" Congolese military forces operating in the region. 
Patrick Mukengeshay, director of Radio Television Amazone in 
Kananga, Kasai Orientale, was detained by agents of the ANR on June 
 
KINSHASA 00001127  003.2 OF 003 
 
 
3 for having broadcast a press statement by a human rights NGO 
alleging abuse of power by the ANR.  On April 4, Jean-Pierre 
Katende, journalist with RTEELDA religious radio in Mbuji-Mayi, 
Kasai Orientale, was held for 19 hours by ANR agents for having 
broadcast a statement by local political figure criticizing 
corruption in the provincial assembly.  Rochereau Kighoma, director 
of Radio Liberte Butembo in North Kivu, was called in by agents of 
the ANR on June 11 and held overnight, during which time he was 
questioned concerning a broadcast critical of the governor of North 
Kivu.  The next day, ANR agents visited the radio station and 
confiscated a cassette recording of the broadcast. 
 
Legal sanctions and censorship 
------------------------------ 
 
¶8.  (SBU) JED documented 16 cases of sanctions and 12 incidents of 
censorship in 2009.  (Note:  While DRC law and social custom support 
certain acts of sanction and censorship, JED has previously argued 
for decriminalization of contraventions of press laws, and some of 
the cases reported as violations of press freedom reflect that 
opinion.  End note.)  Some of these acts had clear political 
motives:  A controversy concerning Vital Kamerhe, President of the 
National Assembly, in mid-to late-March, provoked the temporary 
interruption of broadcasts by Antenna A, Tele 7, Canal-Kin TV, as 
well as the harassment of newspaper street vendors by police 
officers.  A provincial minister ordered the signals of Radio 
Communitaire du Katanga and Radio Television Likasi 4, private 
stations in Katanga Province, to be cut from March 11 to May 4 
because of their coverage of a local railway workers' union strike. 
 
¶9.  (SBU) Comment:  While the decrease in reported incidents is good 
news, some high-ranking GDRC officials continue to maintain an 
aggressive posture toward the news media, as evidenced by the 
violations documented in JED's 2009 report.  Many seeking to stifle 
the press have found that a subtler mix of political pressures and 
economic incentives is not only more effective, but also provokes 
fewer repercussions from NGOs and the international community.  This 
demonstrates that the GDRC is sensitive to criticism, and some 
progress is being made.  Further efforts to enhance press freedom 
should not only address political repression, but also acknowledge 
economic challenges faced by journalists and media organizations in 
the DRC.  The fact that the GDRC publicly acknowledges the 
importance of a free press is a welcome development, and also 
establishes a standard to which it can be held in the future.  End 
comment. 
 
GARVELINK