VZCZCXYZ0002
OO RUEHWEB

DE RUEHC #2732 2770558
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O 021423Z OCT 09
FM SECSTATE WASHDC
TO AMEMBASSY ACCRA IMMEDIATE 4953-4956

UNCLAS STATE 102732 
 
SENSITIVE 
 
SIPDIS 
 
C O R R E C T E D  C O P Y (ADDING SENSITIVE CAPTION) 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KTIP PREL KCRM KWMN PHUM SMIG GH
SUBJECT: GHANA: TIP TIER 2 WATCH LIST ACTION PLAN 
(2009-2010) 
 
REF: A. A. 2008 STATE 132759 
     ¶B. B. 2007 STATE 150188 
     ¶C. C. 2009 STATE 005577 
     ¶D. D. 2009 STATE 62182 
 
¶1.  (U) This is an action request (see paras 2-4). 
 
¶2.  (SBU) Begin action request:  Drawing from points in para 
8, Post is requested to approach appropriate host government 
officials to highlight the United States' strong commitment 
to continue to work with the Government of Ghana to help 
strengthen its efforts to combat and prevent trafficking in 
persons (TIP) and to assist victims.  Post is requested to 
convey the recommendations in para 9 as a non-paper and draw 
from the talking points in para 8 to explain to the host 
government the need for prompt action on the first set of 
recommendations for a positive review in the interim 
assessment that the Department will release to Congress by 
February 2010 and for movement out of the Tier 2 Watch List 
in next year's Report.  Additional recommendations are also 
included in para 9 to aid the host government in making 
progress in its overall anti-TIP efforts.  The notes 
indicated in brackets in the action plan are for post,s 
background only and may be omitted from the non-paper.  The 
&Implementation Guidelines8 referenced in the action plan 
notes are contained in reftel B.  These guidelines provide 
guidance to posts on how the Minimum Standards of the 
Trafficking Victims Protection Act, as amended, (TVPA) are 
implemented, and have been cleared by regional bureaus. 
 
¶3.  (SBU) Action request continued:  Post is further 
requested to emphasize to the Government of Ghana that the 
first set of recommendations is designed to help remedy the 
specific shortcomings identified in the 2009 TIP Report that 
resulted in the placement of Ghana on the Tier 2 Watch List. 
These recommendations are often referred to as 
"high-priority" items for Tier 2 Watch List removal. However, 
sustained and significant anti-trafficking efforts by the 
government throughout the year will remain the basis for 
determining next year's tier placement.  The interim 
assessment for Special Watch List countries (to include Tier 
2 Watch List countries) will provide a progress report 
regarding the government's actions to address the short list 
recommendations designed to address the concerns that 
resulted in the country's placement on the Tier 2 Watch List 
in the 2009 TIP Report (high-priority items), but there will 
be no changes in tier ratings at that time.  We will 
reconsider the government's tier placement when we conduct 
our annual full assessment for the March 2009-2010 reporting 
period next spring. 
 
¶4.  (SBU) Action request continued:  The Department 
recognizes that Post may choose to use this opportunity to 
provide additional recommendations, beyond the 
recommendations for moving out of the Tier 2 Watch List.  In 
such a case, we request that Post make clear to the 
government which are the "high-priority" items to move off of 
the Tier 2 Watch List.  The non-paper in para 9 includes both 
"high-priority" recommendations for Tier 2 Watch List removal 
and further-reaching goals for longer-term success in 
combating trafficking in persons in all 3 P areas: 
Prosecution, Protection, and Prevention.  (For posts, 
background information:  G/TIP will be asking for posts to 
report on the country's progress in meeting these 
recommendations by no later than November 15, 2009, in order 
to compile narratives for the interim assessment.) 
 
¶5.  (SBU) In preparation for the interim assessment and 2010 
TIP Report, the Department is asking posts to work with host 
governments throughout the year to collect as many statistics 
as possible on law enforcement actions and judicial 
proceedings related to TIP crimes, specifically the 
Department requests data on investigations, prosecutions, 
convictions, and sentences (e.g., fines, probation, length of 
prison sentences imposed, asset seizure information when 
available).   Whether a government collects and provides this 
data consistent with the government's capacity to obtain such 
data is considered in determining whether the government 
qualifies for Tier 1.  Law enforcement statistics, when 
available, are a good way of highlighting how well a 
government enforced its law and demonstrates strengths and 
weaknesses in various approaches.  Please note that host 
governments and embassies must interpret data terms provided 
by host governments such as indictments, charges, cases 
disposed, cases submitted for prosecution, etc., to ensure 
that they fit into one of the following categories: 
investigations, prosecutions, convictions or sentences. 
 
The Department cannot accept "trafficking-related" law 
enforcement statistics (e.g, statistics on prostitution or 
smuggling offenses) because their direct correlation to 
trafficking crimes is not clear.  The Department will accept 
only law enforcement data that fall into the following 
categories: (1) investigations, prosecutions, convictions, 
and sentences for offenses that are explicitly defined as 
trafficking; and (2) investigations, prosecutions, 
convictions, and sentences for offenses that are not defined 
explicitly as trafficking but in which the competent law 
enforcement or judicial authority has specific evidence 
indicating that the defendant was involved in trafficking. 
 
¶6.  (SBU) The Department is also asking Posts to engage with 
host governments on efforts to address amendments made by the 
2008 Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act 
(TVPRA).  As indicated in reftel C, the TVPRA of 2008 
contains a provision requiring that a country that has been 
included on Tier 2 Watch List for two consecutive years after 
the date of enactment of the TVPRA of 2008 be ranked as Tier 
¶3.  Thus, any automatic downgrade to Tier 3 pursuant to this 
provision would take place, at the earliest, in the 2011 TIP 
Report (i.e., a country would have to be ranked Tier 2 Watch 
List in the 2009 and 2010 Reports before being subject to 
Tier 3 in the 2011 Report).  The new law allows for a waiver 
of this provision for up to two additional years upon a 
determination by the President that the country has developed 
and devoted sufficient resources to a written plan to make 
significant efforts to bring itself into compliance with the 
minimum standards. 
 
 
¶7.  (SBU) Please keep in mind the TIP Report measures host 
government efforts.  In order for anti-trafficking activities 
financed or conducted principally by parties outside the 
government to be considered for tier placement purposes, Post 
needs to demonstrate a concrete role or tangible value-added 
by a host government in such activities carried out by NGOs, 
international organizations, or posts. 
 
¶8. (U) Background Points: 
 
Begin talking points: 
 
-- The Obama Administration views the fight against human 
trafficking, both at home and abroad, as a critical piece of 
our foreign policy agenda.  We are committed to making 
progress on this issue in the months ahead by working closely 
with partners in every country. 
 
-- The U.S. Government's Trafficking Victims Protection Act 
requires the State Department to submit an annual report to 
Congress on the status of foreign governments, efforts to 
combat trafficking in persons.  Pursuant to the Trafficking 
Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003 (TVPRA), the 
Department created a special category for Tier 2 countries 
that do not show increasing efforts from the previous year, 
have a very significant number of victims, or whose Tier 2 
rating is based on commitments to take additional steps over 
the next year. 
 
-- Also as mandated by the TVPRA, by February 2010 the 
Department will submit to Congress an interim assessment.  At 
the end of 2009 in preparation for that submission, the 
Department will conduct an assessment of Tier 2 Watch List 
countries' progress in responding to the specific issues of 
concern that resulted in the Tier 2 Watch List rating. 
 
 --Ghana was placed on Tier 2 Watch List in this year,s 
Report because of lack of evidence of increasing efforts to 
combat severe forms of trafficking in persons from the 
previous year (or other relevant criteria). 
 
-- We offer the following recommended actions (Action Plan 
for the Short-term) to tackle specific shortcomings 
highlighted in the 2009 TIP Report.  We believe these to be 
within the reasonable ability of your government to fulfill 
in the near-term and encourage you to take prompt action for 
a positive narrative in the interim assessment.  New tier 
evaluations will not occur at the interim assessment.  We 
will reconsider a government,s tier placement when we 
conduct our annual full assessment for the 2009-2010 
reporting period next spring.  Prompt, appropriate, and 
significant actions will lead to a more favorable tier 
placement; conversely, failure to address the issues 
mentioned above may lead to a Tier 3 placement. 
 
-- We would welcome the Government of Ghana,s comments on 
these recommendations and any other ideas you might have to 
advance our common struggle against trafficking in persons. 
 
-- In addition to the short list of recommendations 
corresponding to our concerns that resulted in your 
government,s placement on the Tier 2 Watch List in the 2009 
TIP Report, we offer additional suggestions of actions that 
your government may choose to take (Action Plan for the Long 
term).  These further measures would be in addition to 
Ghana,s continuation of its current efforts to combat 
trafficking in persons. 
 
End talking points. 
 
¶9.  (SBU) Begin Action Plan for Ghana: 
 
Action Plan for the Short-Term: The following are recommended 
measures for a positive interim assessment in January 2010 
and in the broader assessment of government efforts during 
the reporting period: 
 
¶1.    Increase efforts to prosecute and convict trafficking 
offenders, particularly in the            fishing industry 
and in commercial sexual exploitation.   This can be 
accomplished by         conducting investigations of fishing 
villages, brothels, and other areas where trafficking 
may occur to arrest and prosecute suspected traffickers. 
 
Progress on this item will be measured by an increased number 
of reported prosecutions and convictions of trafficking 
offenders. 
 
¶2.    Establish additional shelters for trafficking victims, 
particularly for sex trafficking    victims, or provide 
increased assistance to NGOs or international organizations 
to provide  trafficking victim care.   Although the 
Government of Ghana established the Trafficking       Victim 
Fund in 2007, this fund has disbursed very limited 
assistance. 
 
Progress on this item will be measured by the establishment 
of additional shelter space or increased reports of victims 
assisted by the Government of Ghana. 
 
¶3.    Train government officials to identify trafficking 
victims among individuals in              prostitution. 
 
Progress on this item will be measured by increased reports 
of officials following procedures to identify trafficking 
victims among individuals in prostitution during brothel 
raids and other investigations of locations where commercial 
sex occurs.   (Raids should be complemented with a mechanism 
for referring trafficking victims to appropriate protective 
services.) 
 
II. Action Plan for the Long-Term: Other measures the 
government should consider to boost its overall 
anti-trafficking efforts: 
 
Prosecution: 
 
-- Develop a centralized crime database to record the number 
of trafficking cases investigated and the number of suspected 
traffickers arrested, prosecuted, and convicted in Ghana. 
For those convicted, the database should record the length of 
sentences imposed. 
 
-- Incorporate into the national law enforcement curricula a 
course on trafficking.  The course should cover techniques 
for a) investigating trafficking cases; b) arresting 
traffickers and collecting evidence for their prosecution; c) 
rescuing victims and referring them for care; and d) 
interviewing victims to obtain testimony for prosecution. 
 
Protection: 
 
-- Consider developing a trafficking victim database that 
records the number victims identified by police and referred 
to NGOs for care.  The database should, to the best extent 
possible, record the type of trafficking the victim 
experienced, the age and gender of the victim, and the place 
of origin of the victim. 
 
-- Increase efforts to interview rescued victims of 
trafficking in order to gather evidence to assist in 
prosecution of their traffickers. 
 
Prevention: 
 
-- Seek collaboration with the Government of Cote d,Ivoire 
to combat trafficking of Ghanaian children to Cote 
d,Ivoire,s cocoa sector. 
 
-- Increase efforts to raise public awareness about 
trafficking through radio broadcasts and visits by government 
officials to communities throughout Ghana to educate the 
population about these crimes. 
 
--Establish a strong focal point within the government to 
coordinate national efforts to combat trafficking. 
 
End Action Plan. 
 
¶10. (U) Department appreciates post's continued assistance 
and efforts in the fight to eliminate trafficking in persons. 
CLINTON