Currently released so far... 64621 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
AS
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AG
AA
AE
ABUD
ARABL
AO
AND
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AID
AL
ASCH
AADP
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
AY
ABT
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
APEC
ANET
AGIT
ASUP
ATRN
ASECVE
ALOW
AODE
AGUILAR
AN
ADB
ASIG
ADPM
AT
ACABQ
AGR
ASPA
AFSN
AZ
AC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ABMC
ANTONIO
AIDS
ASEX
ADIP
ALJAZEERA
AFGHANISTAN
ASECARP
AROC
ASE
ABDALLAH
ADCO
AMGMT
AMCHAMS
AGAO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AFINM
AOCR
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AINR
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
ANTXON
AFAF
AFARI
AX
AMER
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AGUIRRE
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AOPC
AMEX
ARM
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
AMTC
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AORL
ACS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BO
BE
BMGT
BM
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BX
BC
BH
BEN
BUSH
BF
BHUM
BILAT
BT
BTC
BMENA
BBG
BOND
BAGHDAD
BAIO
BP
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BOU
BIDEN
BTRA
BFIN
BOIKO
BZ
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CD
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CHR
CT
COE
CV
COUNTER
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CLOK
CONS
CITES
COM
CONTROLS
CAN
CACS
CR
CACM
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CZ
CJ
CFIS
CASCC
COUNTERTERRORISM
CAS
CONDOLEEZZA
CLINTON
CTBT
CEN
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CNARC
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
CENTCOM
COPUOS
CAPC
CGEN
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DA
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DRL
DB
DE
DHS
DAO
DCM
DHSX
DARFUR
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DARFR
DOC
DK
DTRA
DAC
DOD
DIEZ
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EK
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EPA
ESTH
ENRGMO
EET
EEB
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ETRA
ENV
EAG
EREL
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
ECONOMY
EINDIR
EDUARDO
ETR
EUREM
ELECTIONS
ETRC
EICN
EXPORT
EMED
EARG
EGHG
EINF
ECIP
EID
ETRO
EAIDHO
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EAGER
EXBS
ED
ELAM
EWT
ENGRD
ERIN
ECO
EDEV
ECE
ECPSN
ENGY
EL
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EINVECON
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
EITC
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
EBRD
ENVR
ETRAD
EPIN
ECONENRG
EDRC
ETMIN
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EGOV
ECOM
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPCS
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
ETRB
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EINTECPS
EGAD
EPREL
EINVEFIN
ECLAC
EUCOM
ECCP
ELDIN
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ECPC
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
ECOWAS
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAC
ESPINOSA
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FAO
FK
FCSC
FREEDOM
FARC
FAS
FJ
FIN
FINANCE
FAC
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FETHI
FRB
FRANCISCO
FORCE
FTA
FT
FMGT
FCSCEG
FDA
FERNANDO
FINR
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FKLU
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GB
GH
GZ
GV
GE
GAZA
GY
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GABY
GLOBAL
GUAM
GC
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HR
HU
HN
HHS
HIV
HURI
HDP
HUD
HUMRIT
HSWG
HUMANITARIAN
HIGHLIGHTS
HUM
HUMANR
HL
HILLARY
HSTC
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
INF
ICRC
IO
IPR
IRAQI
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQ
INL
IQ
ICES
IRMO
IRAN
ISCON
IGAD
ITALY
INTERNAL
ILC
ISSUES
ICCAT
IADB
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IRDB
INMARSAT
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IFO
ITRA
IEA
ISPA
IOM
ITRD
IL
IHO
IFAD
IPROP
IDLI
ISCA
INV
IBB
ISPL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
IRS
IEF
ITER
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
IND
INS
IZPREL
IAHRC
IEFIN
IACI
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KAPO
KSEP
KDP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KMPI
KSAF
KFEM
KUNC
KPRV
KIRC
KACT
KRMS
KNPT
KMFO
KHIV
KHLS
KPWR
KCFE
KREC
KRIM
KHDP
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KIRF
KGIT
KLIG
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KTBT
KSCI
KIDE
KPGOV
KLPM
KTDD
KOCI
KNNC
KOMS
KBCT
KLFU
KLAB
KSEO
KICC
KJUST
KUWAIT
KSEC
KUK
KEDEM
KJRE
KMRS
KSRE
KREISLER
KSCS
KPIR
KPOA
KESS
KCOM
KWIR
KIVP
KRCM
KGLB
KPOW
KPOL
KSEAO
KNAP
KCUL
KPREL
KREF
KPRP
KICA
KPMI
KPRM
KQ
KPOP
KFSC
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KRM
KBWG
KCORR
KVRC
KR
KFTN
KTTB
KNAR
KINR
KWN
KCSY
KIIP
KPRO
KREL
KFPC
KW
KWM
KRFD
KFLOA
KMCC
KIND
KNEP
KHUM
KSKN
KT
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMNP
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KMSG
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KSEI
KLSO
KWNN
KHSA
KCRIM
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KPAOY
KRIF
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KO
KEMR
KENV
KEAI
KWAC
KFIU
KWIC
KNNO
KPAI
KTBD
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KERG
KLTN
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KAKA
KFRP
KINL
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
LY
LE
LABOR
LH
LN
LO
LAB
LT
LAURA
LTTE
LG
LU
LI
LA
LB
LOTT
LORAN
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LS
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LOG
MU
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MDC
MG
MO
MEPN
MW
MILI
MCC
MR
MEDIA
MZ
MEPP
MOPPS
MA
MAS
MI
MP
MIL
MV
MC
MD
MCA
MT
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOROCCO
MCAPS
MOOPS
ML
MN
MEPI
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MURRAY
MOTO
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MF
MOHAMMAD
MAPP
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MIK
MARK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MILA
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NP
NA
NASA
NSF
NTTC
NAS
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NKNNP
NMNUC
NSC
NC
NE
NR
NARC
NGO
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NERG
NSSP
NSFO
NATSIOS
NFSO
NTDB
NT
NCD
NEGROPONTE
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OIC
OFDA
OEXC
OFDP
OPCW
OCED
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODIP
OPCD
OCII
ORUE
ODPC
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OUALI
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OMAR
ORC
OAU
OPDP
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OTRD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OTRAORP
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PROP
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PHAM
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PGOVPREL
PKPA
PHYTRP
PP
PTEL
PREC
PENA
PRM
PELOSI
PAS
PRELAF
PRE
PUNE
PSOE
POLM
PRELKPAO
PIRF
PGPV
PARMP
PRELL
PVOV
PROV
POLUN
PS
PHUMPTER
PROG
PRELGOV
PERSONS
PERURENA
PKK
PRGOV
PH
POLITICAL
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PREM
PINSO
PEREZ
PPAO
PERM
PETR
PERL
PBS
PGOVZI
PINT
PARMS
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PMIL
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PNUM
PTERM
PJUS
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PTBS
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PPREL
PTERPREL
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PRELKPAOIZ
PBTSRU
PGVO
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PRHUM
PHUMA
PGO
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PASS
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
REACTION
REPORT
ROW
ROBERT
REL
RIGHTS
RA
RELATIONS
REGION
RAFAEL
REGIONAL
RAY
ROBERTG
RPREL
RAMONTEIJELO
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RELFREE
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
ROSS
RENE
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SG
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
SPECIALIST
START
SNIG
SCI
SI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SADC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SENVENV
SCIENCE
SENS
SPCE
SENC
SCOM
SPAS
SECURITY
SL
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
SM
STATE
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SPSTATE
SMITH
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TC
TSPL
TNGD
TS
TZ
TP
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TF
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TECH
TRAFFICKING
TN
TJ
TL
TO
TD
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
THPY
TPSA
TRAD
TNDG
TVBIO
TWI
TV
TWL
TWRO
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
UNSCD
USUN
UV
UNDC
UNRWA
UNPUOS
USAID
UNSCR
UNODC
UNHCR
UNRCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNEP
UNBRO
UNCSD
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USTRUWR
USAU
UNICEF
UNCC
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UNFICYP
UR
UNAMA
UNCITRAL
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
USTRPS
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNSCE
USSC
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
USDA
UNCLASSIFIED
UNA
UNCTAD
UNMOVIC
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNION
UNCSW
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
USPTO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WI
WFP
WHA
WTO
WMO
WEET
WZ
WBG
WS
WE
WA
WEF
WAKI
WILLIAM
WHOA
WSIS
WCI
WCL
WMN
WEBZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WALTER
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 09PRETORIA1697, SCENESETTER FOR SPECIAL ADVISOR ROBERT J.
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #09PRETORIA1697.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09PRETORIA1697 | 2009-08-24 08:03 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Pretoria |
VZCZCXRO0201
PP RUEHBZ RUEHDU RUEHJO RUEHMR RUEHRN
DE RUEHSA #1697/01 2360803
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 240803Z AUG 09 //ZDK TO ALL CTG NUMEROUS SVCS///
FM AMEMBASSY PRETORIA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 9390
INFO RUCNSAD/SOUTHERN AF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
RUEHII/VIENNA IAEA POSTS COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
RHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 PRETORIA 001697
SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED
SIPDIS
ISN FOR KRISTA FISHER
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PREL IAEA KNNP ENRG SF
SUBJECT: SCENESETTER FOR SPECIAL ADVISOR ROBERT J.
EINHORN'S INTERAGENCY TEAM VISIT TO SOUTH AFRICA, AUGUST
24-31
PRETORIA 00001697 001.2 OF 006
¶1. (SBU) Ambassador Gips warmly welcomes your visit to South
Africa. The Mission stands ready to do everything it can to
help make your trip a success. The Control Officers for the
visit are Acting Political Counselor Madeline Seidenstricker
and Energy Officer David Young, who can be reached at
27-12-431-4173 seidenstrickermq2@state.gov and 27-12-431-4810
youngdk@state.gov respectively.
¶2. (SBU) You are visiting South Africa at a particularly
interesting time, following Secretary Clinton's visit on
August 6-9 and the bilateral meeting between Presidents Obama
and Zuma on the margins of the recent G-8 summit in Italy, at
which the two presidents agreed to begin a high-level
dialogue on disarmament, nonproliferation, and nuclear
cooperation. The Secretary underscored President Obama's
commitment to this dialogue in her meeting with Minister of
International Relations and Cooperation Nkoane-Mashabane.
This commitment was part of the Secretary's broader message
on increased bilateral cooperation to sustain the remarkable
progress South Africa has made since the end of apartheid in
establishing a vibrant market-based democracy.
¶3. (SBU) In extending an invitation to dialogue on nuclear
issues, Ambassador Abdul Minty, South Africa's leading voice
on nuclear energy, has offered an opportunity to develop the
themes introduced in the President's and Secretary's
discussions and to address divisions between South Africa and
the U.S., as well as between some developed and some
developing countries, which were highlighted during Minty's
unsuccessful campaign for IAEA Director General. While not
the specific focus of this meeting, increasing nuclear energy
cooperation is significant on our bilateral agenda. We hope
to sign a bilateral agreement for cooperation in nuclear
energy R&D on the margins of the IAEA General Conference in
Vienna in September. We are cooperating on a number of
border and port initiatives for increasing capacity to detect
radiological materials. We strongly support Westinghouse as
a potential supplier of new nuclear power plants, based on
its experience in technology transfer.
¶4. (SBU) The African National Congress-led (ANC) South
African Government (SAG) has made major progress toward
establishing a vibrant democracy and a market-based economy
since the end of apartheid in 1994. The SAG has focused on
political and economic transformation, i.e., reducing the gap
between the historically privileged and disadvantaged
communities. It has accomplished this primarily by
delivering government-provided housing, electricity, and
water to the poor, and by creating educational, skills
development, employment, and business opportunities for the
previously disadvantaged.
¶5. (SBU) South Africa continues to face daunting challenges,
including a lack of public sector capacity, a thirty percent
shortfall in mid-to-upper-level public sector managers,
skills shortages in all sectors, infrastructure bottlenecks,
income inequality, less than adequate educational
opportunities, massive unemployment, entrenched rural and
urban poverty, violent and widespread crime, episodes of
xenophobic riots, and a severe HIV/AIDS pandemic. These
problems intensify political tensions within the ruling
coalition and between the coalition and other political,
civil society, and private sector groups.
Qcivil society, and private sector groups.
¶6. (SBU) South Africa remains the continent's best prospect
for establishing a successful democratic society with
expanding prosperity despite its many challenges.
Approximately 77 percent of registered voters participated in
the April 22 national elections, indicating a popular will to
build a democratic society. South Africa is a leader of
aid-recipient countries in their dialogue with donor nations.
It plays a key role in promoting peace and stability in
Africa, and is an important voice on international finance,
global trade, human rights, conflict resolution, and
nonproliferation issues. The USG shares common objectives
with the SAG on the African continent and beyond, and the two
governments work closely on many of them.
--------------------------------------------- ---
RECENT POLITICAL CHANGES INCREASE DOMESTIC FOCUS
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶7. (SBU) The ANC dominates the political scene in South
Africa but showed signs of internal strife in the last year.
The strife led to a lessening of support from the electorate.
In the April 2009 national and provincial election, the ANC
PRETORIA 00001697 002.2 OF 006
won 66 percent of the vote and 264 National Assembly seats,
earning the right to govern for the fourth consecutive time
since 1994. The opposition, meanwhile, has steadily
benefited from ANC turmoil. The Democratic Alliance (DA) is
the largest of several small opposition parties in the
National Assembly, winning 47 seats in 2004 and 67 seats in
¶2009. In 2009, the DA earned 51 percent of the vote in the
Western Cape to win an outright governing majority in the
province. A new opposition party that broke from the ANC,
the Congress of the People (COPE), gained 30 seats in the
National Assembly in the 2009 election and is now the third
largest national party as well as the official opposition in
three of the nine provinces.
¶8. (SBU) The ANC's internal problems stem from the fallout
of the December 2007 ANC congress in Polokwane, Limpopo.
Jacob Zuma defeated incumbent Mbeki by a vote of 2,329 to
1,505 for the party presidency. Zuma's allies swept the
other top five ANC positions. The Zuma camp dominated the
elections for the ANC's 86-member National Executive Council
(NEC), with sixteen Mbeki Cabinet members (out of 28) losing
their NEC seats. Zuma's victory positioned him as the
front-runner to become national President following the 2009
election. The tense debate at the party's December 2007 ANC
National Conference and defeat of incumbent Mbeki reflected
the growing impatience with the pace of socio-economic
change. It was also in large part a reflection of the
growing restlessness and dissatisfaction with the ANC's
inability to deliver a better life for everyone.
¶9. (SBU) Zuma has stressed that as president he will not
make radical policy changes and that he respects the party's
previous policy consensus. His Cabinet selections,
particularly the re-appointment of former Health Minister
Barbara Hogan as Minister of Public Enterprises and former
Finance Minister Trevor Manuel as Minister of Planning in the
Presidency, show that the ANC wants to improve policy
implementation in certain areas without drastic overhauls.
Despite such signals, many of the new Cabinet appointments --
and some of Zuma's strongest coalition supporters -- come
from the left wing of South African politics. The Congress
of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African
Communist Party (SACP) are members of the ANC-led tripartite
alliance. These groups are pressuring Zuma to embrace more
leftist or perhaps even populist positions in the interests
of the working-class poor, and they supported the appointment
of many of their members to the Cabinet. On issues like
HIV/AIDS and Zimbabwe, this could lead to SAG policies more
closely in line with U.S. interests. However, on other
issues -- like fiscal management, nationalization of
industry/resource sectors, and trade liberalization -- the
shifts in policy might be less positive from a U.S.
perspective. It seems likely that the new ANC leaders will be
more focused on domestic rather than continental or global
issues.
------------------------------------------
FOREIGN POLICY PROMOTING AFRICAN INTERESTS
------------------------------------------
¶10. (U) South Africa under Mbeki took a high-profile role
promoting Africa's interests and Mbeki was successful in
getting African issues onto a host of multilateral agendas,
Qgetting African issues onto a host of multilateral agendas,
including the G-20. South Africa served as the first chair
of the African Union until July 2003 and helped establish
continental institutions such as the Pan-African Parliament
(which sits in South Africa) and the AU Peace and Security
Council.
¶11. (SBU) U.S.-South Africa bilateral relations are overall
positive, but South Africa has taken positions in
multilateral for that run counter to U.S. interests. South
Africa advocated for a greater voice for the "South"
relative to the "North" in an expanded UN security Council
and in the governance financial institutions, along with
increased development assistance and lower trade barriers.
South Africa under Mbeki believed it had a responsibility to
lead African conflict resolution efforts and participate in
peace support operations by virtue of its history and
regional political, economic, and military clout. South
Africa plays a lead role in conflict resolution in Burundi
and contributes troops to UN Peace Keeping missions in the
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Burundi, and Sudan.
South Africa is, however, in the process of down-sizing its
forces in Burundi to a small 100-man security force. South
Africa has approximately 3,000 personnel deployed in peace
PRETORIA 00001697 003.2 OF 006
support operations in Africa (DRC and Sudan) and the U.S. has
a strong interest in helping South Africa expand and enhance
its peacekeeping and disaster assistance capabilities. South
Africa participates in the U.S. African Contingency
Operations Training and Assistance program (ACOTA) to enhance
the South African National Defense Force's (SANDF) capacity
to participate in multilateral peace support operations.
Motivated, in part, by lingering suspicions of the U.S.
dating to the cold war, South African defense officials have
been openly critical of U.S. Africa Command in the past, but
the Embassy has been making progress in engaging with the SAG
on this issue and continues to engage in a wide range of
military-to-military activities. Last year the U.S.
completed the first visit by a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier to
South Africa since 1967. This marked a turning point in
military-to-military relations although occasional hiccups
are still happening.
¶12. (SBU) Zimbabwe remains a continuing challenge for South
Africa. SADC leaders appointed Mbeki in March 2007 as the
mediator between Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe and the
opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), with the
goal of leveling the electoral field before the March 2008
elections. Negotiations made some progress, but human rights
abuses against the opposition accelerated. The MDC won a
small majority of seats in the Parliament. Tsvangirai
dropped out of the race on June 22 as a result of the
political instability and the violence against MDC
supporters. A September 2008 SADC-brokered power-sharing
agreement was reconfigured as a power-sharing unity
government and implemented in February 2009. The SAG and
SADC asked former President Mbeki to stay on in his role as
SADC's chief Zimbabwe negotiator following his departure from
office.
--------------------------------------------- -----------
THE NEED TO ACCELERATE GROWTH IN A SLOWING GLOBAL ECONOMY
--------------------------------------------- -----------
¶13. (SBU) South Africa is a middle-income, emerging market
economy with purchasing power parity GNI per capita of $3,206
(2008), akin to Chile, Malaysia, or Thailand. The SAG has
pursued prudent monetary and fiscal policies, which turned a
fiscal deficit of 6 percent of GDP in 1994-05 to a small
surplus of 0.9 percent of GDP in 2007-08. However, the
government announced in February 2009 a fiscal deficit of 3.9
percent of GDP for 2009-10, citing the need for stimulus in
the face of a deteriorating economic environment. The South
African Reserve Bank (SARB) is independent. It targets an
inflation rate of 3-6 percent, but is currently struggling
with inflation of about 8.5 percent. Real GDP growth averaged
5 percent per year between 2005 and 2007, but fell to 3.1
percent in 2008 because of higher interest rates, power
shortages and weakening commodities prices. GDP contracted
6.4 percent in the first quarter of 2009, owing to slumps in
commodity prices and manufactured exports. South Africa is
now in official recession, and analysts forecast a fall in
GDP of about 1.0 percent in 2009.
¶14. (SBU) South Africa's financial system has not been
directly affected by recent turmoil in global financial
markets. The local banking system is well-capitalized and
strictly-regulated, and banks and other financial
Qstrictly-regulated, and banks and other financial
institutions have relatively little exposure to sub-prime
debt or other contagion. Banks raise most of their capital
domestically. However, South Africa depends on portfolio
inflows to finance its large current account deficit (about 8
percent of GDP).
¶15. (SBU) South Africa's single greatest economic challenge
is to accelerate growth in a slowing global economy in order
to address widespread unemployment and reduce poverty. The
official unemployment rate, currently 23.5 percent, is
significantly higher among black South Africans than among
whites. Income inequality between haves and have-nots
remains one of the highest rates in the world. Fifty-six
percent of black South Africans, but only four percent of
whites, live in poverty. The lack of capacity and service
delivery at the provincial and municipal levels fueled the
recent xenophobic attacks on refugees from neighboring
countries as South Africans from lower socioeconomic strata
feared that jobs, houses, and other services were being given
to non-South African immigrants. Other obstacles exacerbating
South Africa's economic growth and service delivery problems
are skill shortages, a brain and skills drain, and education
system weaknesses.
PRETORIA 00001697 004.2 OF 006
¶16. (SBU) The SAG has made strides in the areas of transfer
payments and public services to close the gap. Nearly 2.5
million low-cost homes have been built to provide shelter to
7.6 million people, 3.5 million homes have been provided with
electricity, and nine million people have been connected to
clean water. Almost 13.4 million people were benefiting from
social grants in 2008, and this figure is projected to
increase to 20 million in the next several years as benefits
are extended to broader categories of recipients. The SAG's
broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) program provides
ownership and employment opportunities to blacks and other
historically (or previously) disadvantaged and has helped the
black middle class double in size to an estimated two million
since 1994.
¶17. (U) The success in preparing for and carrying off the
FIFA 2010 Soccer World Cup to be held in South Africa in
mid-June 2010 is regarded by many as a bellwether of the
country's commitment to continued progress in a variety of
social and economic areas, among these being the fight
against crime, providing services, expanding and improving
infrastructure, and developing tourism. South Africa's
successful hosting of the FIFA Confederations Cup in June
2009 strengthened confidence that the World Cup in 2010 will
also be managed effectively.
--------------------------------------------- ------
THE RECENT GROWTH OF U.S.-S.A. TRADE AND INVESTMENT
--------------------------------------------- ------
¶18. (SBU) The U.S. is South Africa's third-largest trading
partner, after Germany and China. U.S.-South Africa trade
grew 12 percent in 2008, totaling $16.1 billion. U.S.
exports rose 18 percent to $6.2 billion, while South African
exports to the United States increased 9 percent to $9.9
billion. South Africa was the third largest beneficiary of
total exports (after Nigeria and Angola) and the largest
beneficiary of non-oil exports under the African Growth
Opportunity Act (AGOA) in 2008. The U.S. was South Africa's
largest export market in 2007 and an impressive 98.1 percent
of South Africa's exports entered the U.S. with zero import
duties in 2007 as a result of normal trading relations (NTR),
GSP, AGOA and other benefits. Japan displaced the U.S. as
South Africa's largest export market in 2008.
¶19. (SBU) Over 600 U.S. firms have a presence in South
Africa, with 85 percent using the country as a regional
center. South Africa's stable government, sound fiscal and
monetary policies, transportation infrastructure,
sophisticated financial sector, and, by African standards,
large market are the primary attractions for U.S. businesses.
Nevertheless, South Africa has failed to attract a
proportionate share of global foreign direct investment since
¶1994. Reasons include a volatile exchange rate, distance
from developed country markets, high unit labor costs, strong
unions, skills shortages, crime, HIV/AIDS, regulatory
uncertainty, and the impact of Black Economic Empowerment
policies. The U.S. was the largest portfolio investor and
the second largest foreign direct investor in South Africa
after the U.K. ($6.6 billion at year-end 2007). General
Motors, Ford, and Timken are among the top industrial
investors in South Africa. Teletech recently opened a large
call center in Cape Town and has plans to open smaller
Qcall center in Cape Town and has plans to open smaller
centers in other parts of the country. Westinghouse is
competing for a $60 billion dollar contract to build a fleet
of AP1000 nuclear reactors in the Western and Eastern Cape
provinces. Lockheed recently signed a contract with
state-owned aviation manufacturer and services provider Denel
for Denel to open a licensed service center to repair,
maintain and overhaul Lockheed C-130s from Africa and the
Middle East.
¶20. (SBU) The U.S. and the Southern African Customs Union
(SACU: South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and
Swaziland) suspended free trade agreement negotiations after
three years and six rounds of negotiations in April 2006.
Negotiators agreed to pursue a Trade, Investment and
Development Cooperative Agreement (TIDCA) in an effort to
preserve some of the progress made in the FTA talks. A
framework agreement for the TIDCA was signed at the AGOA
Forum in Washington on July 14, 2008. South Africa has
recently expressed interest in stepping up the pace on TIDCA,
and negotiators may begin work soon on agreements to promote
private sector contacts and reduce existing barriers to
bilateral trade. There may be movement on TIDCA in the
PRETORIA 00001697 005.2 OF 006
run-up to the AGOA Forum in August.
-------------------------------------
ONGOING U.S. SUPPORT FOR SOUTH AFRICA
-------------------------------------
¶21. (U) The USG has contributed approximately $1.9 billion
toward South Africa's development, including $250 million in
credit guarantees, since 1994, and $100 million in education,
$120 million in economic growth, and $88 million in democracy
and governance since 1998. Our current development
assistance program focuses on: supporting South Africa's
response to HIV/AIDS and TB through the U.S. President's
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); addressing
unemployment through financing and business development
services for SMEs, job-skills training and education;
reducing gender-based violence as part of the President's
Women's Justice and Empowerment Initiative (WJEI); enhancing
the quality of education through teacher training; and
partnering with the SAG in third countries engaged in
post-conflict rebuilding. South African NGOs have also
received Trafficking in Persons (TIP) grants over the past
few years to assist in the global fight against trafficking
in persons. A wide range of U.S. private foundations and
NGOs are also at work in South Africa. Among them are the
Gates Foundation (HIV/AIDS), the Ford Foundation (higher
education), the Rockefeller Foundation (adult education), and
the Clinton Foundation (HIV/AIDS and Climate Change).
¶22. (U) Twenty-eight U.S. government entities are
represented at the U.S. Mission in South Africa (Embassy
Pretoria and the three Consulates in Johannesburg, Cape Town
and Durban). The Mission has 292 Direct Hire (USDH)
positions and 608 local employees. More than 40 percent of
Mission staff provides regional services to other U.S.
embassies in Africa. The Mission has embarked on an
ambitious program to build safe office facilities. The
Mission completed the new consulate compound in Cape Town in
2005 and a new consulate building in Johannesburg in April
¶2009. Future projects include construction of a new annex
for USAID and CDC. The construction of a much-needed,
155-desk office annex on the Embassy compound in Pretoria was
deferred by the Office of Buildings Operations (OBO) from
2009 to 2022.
--------------------------------------------- -----------
HIV/AIDS AND RELATED ILLNESSES CONSTITUTE A GROWING CRISIS
--------------------------------------------- -----------
¶23. (U) The PEPFAR program in South Africa is the largest
recipient of PEPFAR resources to date, having received a
total of $1.45 billion, including $591 million in FY2008.
South Africa has the largest number of HIV-infected citizens
in the world. HIV/AIDS-related illnesses, particularly due
to HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection, are the country's
leading cause of death. Despite South Africa's overall
wealth, life expectancy at birth has decreased from 67 to 52,
the regional average, due to HIV/AIDS and HIV/TB
co-infection. Under-five mortality, with the Millennium
Development Goal (MDG) of 24 per 1,000 in 2015, has increased
from 60 to 67 per 1,000 between 1990 and 2006. Achieving the
MDGs is the SAG's highest priority, but South Africa is
moving further away from these goals in both child and
maternal mortality as a result of HIV/AIDS.
¶24. (U) An estimated 5.4 million South Africans are
Q24. (U) An estimated 5.4 million South Africans are
HIV-positive including 2.7 million women and about 300,000
children 14 years old or younger. An estimated 18.8 percent
of adults between 15 and 49 are HIV-infected and women in the
age group of 25-29, the most seriously affected, have
prevalence rates of up to 40 percent in some areas. An
estimated 530,000 new infections occur annually. In 2006,
350,000 adults and children died from AIDS; an estimated 1.8
million deaths have occurred since the start of the epidemic;
and 71 percent of all deaths in 15 to 41-year-olds are due to
AIDS. In the last few years, there is an indication that
prevalence may be starting to decline. Prevalence in
antenatal care fell from 29 percent in 2005 to 28 percent in
¶2008. At least 1.6 million children, approximately 10
percent of South Africa's youth, have had at least one parent
die and 66 percent of these have been orphaned by AIDS.
Continuing AIDS-related mortality will create millions of new
orphans and generate additional social and economic
disruption, in part due to orphans being raised by extended
families or in child-headed households.
PRETORIA 00001697 006.3 OF 006
¶25. (U) The epidemics of HIV and TB are interlinked. TB is
the most common infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa and
approximately 50 percent of HIV patients in South Africa also
have TB. A high overall prevalence rate of HIV, HIV/TB
co-infection, and lack of continuity in treatment contribute
to the increasing incidence of active TB, including multi-
and extensive-drug-resistant TB strains (MDR- and XDR-TB).
The piloting of an SAG-approved rapid test for MDR-TB may
allow more rapid identification and initiation of appropriate
treatment, but staff shortages and skills challenges impede
an effective response to TB. Failure to adequately control
and treat TB may undo all the gains South Africa has made in
HIV care and treatment thus far.
¶26. (U) The South African National Strategic Plan for HIV &
AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections 2007-2011 (NSP)
provides a road map for responding to this crisis and sets
out goals of reducing new HIV infections by 50 percent by
2011 and increasing access to anti-retroviral treatment
(ART). The South African public health system has a need
for: expanded clinical and laboratory facilities;
strengthened health care infrastructure, particularly for
chronic disease, which includes HIV and TB; increased
coverage of HIV treatment; HIV prevention; and TB control and
treatment. The country has made impressive progress towards
expanding access to ART, but the current number of people on
ART is less than 30 percent of those who need it. The number
of new infections also greatly exceeds the number of new
people placed on ART.
¶27. (U) PEPFAR is in its fifth year of implementation and
has recently been re-authorized for a second five-year
period. PEPFAR is implemented in South Africa by five USG
agencies: the U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID); the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS), which includes the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC); the U.S. Department of State; the U.S.
Department of Defense; and the Peace Corps.
¶28. (U) South Africa has the strongest research and training
capacity of any country in the region, making it an important
partner in HIV/AIDS and TB efforts. USG agencies work with
national and provincial health departments, the South Africa
military, universities, and NGOs to strengthen primary health
care, disease surveillance, and research. NIH provides
approximately $300 million in funding to South African
researchers per year, with 90 percent of this focused on
HIV/AIDS and TB research. The U.S. Mission has prepared a
five-year strategic plan in coordination with the SAG for HIV
prevention, care, and treatment for not only adults, but also
for orphans and other vulnerable children (OVCs). South
Africa is moving into a transition phase with an expected 75
percent budget reduction in PEPFAR funding during the next
three years (from $591 million in FY2008 to $150 million in
FY2011. This reduction will correspond with increased
emphasis on technical assistance and human capacity
development coupled with greater funding and program
implementation by the SAG. Although Hogan did not retain the
Health portfolio, Post expects to work cooperatively with new
Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi on the development and
implementation of this five-year strategy and collaboration.
Qimplementation of this five-year strategy and collaboration.
GIPS