VZCZCXYZ0000
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHPE #0275/01 0621913
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 031913Z MAR 09
FM AMEMBASSY LIMA
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0113

UNCLAS LIMA 000275 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR G/TIP-BARBARA FLECK,G-ACBLANK,INL,DRL,PRM 
DEPT FOR WHA/AND BARBARA ROCHA, WHA/PPC 
DEPT FOR USAID LAC/SA 
JUSTICE FOR OIA, AFMLS AND NDDS 
DIR ONDCP FOR R. O'CONNOR 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KTIP KCRM PHUM KWMN SMIG KFRD ASEC PREF ELAB
SUBJECT: PERU RESPONSE TO TIP REPORTING QUESTIONS 
 
REF: SATE 00132759 
 
 ¶1. (SBU) Embassy Lima submits the follow response to the TIP 
reporting questions found in paragraphs 23-29 of the cable 
guidance (reftel) in regards to the 2008 Trafficking in 
Persons report. 
 
 
¶2. (SBU) Peru's TIP Situation (paragraph 23) 
 
      A)  The primary sources for information contained in 
this report are the Government of Peru's (GOP) Multi-sectoral 
Committee (MSC) on Trafficking in Persons within the Ministry 
of the Interior, the Peruvian National Police Anti-TIP Unit, 
the United Nations, the Office of International Migration IOM 
and several Non-Government Organizations.  The MSC itself is 
composed of 
representatives from various Ministries within the 
government, non-governmental organizations, and international 
organizations.  The MSC is considered the most reliable 
source of TIP information in Peru in general.  In 2006 the 
Peruvian National Police, in conjunction with a local NGO, 
established a computerized case tracking system (RETA) to 
track TIP cases as they move through the legal system.  As of 
this date, the RETA system only tracks police investigations, 
therefore, a comprehensive and integrated official tracking 
system for all TIP cases, crimes and prosecutions does not 
exist.  However, the Ministry of the Interior plans to expand 
the capabilities of RETA to track a TIP cases once it has 
moved to the Public Ministry for prosecution and, by the end 
of 2009, RETA will incorporate sentencing data from the 
Ministry of Justice. 
 
      B)  Peru is a source country for women and children 
trafficked internally for sexual exploitation and forced 
domestic labor.  The critical socio-economic conditions 
especially in the rural and Amazonian regions ofthe country 
create an environment conducive to trafficking.  The majority 
of victims are young women and girls moved from rural to 
urban areas or from city to city, particularly from the 
Amazon region of the country to the 
larger eastern cities such as Iquitos and Pucallpa.  There 
are reports of women and girls trafficked from the rural 
areas of the country to the emergency military zone of the 
country called the VRAE, though accurate information is 
limited.  The VRAE is a drug trafficking stronghold, 
declared an emergency zone by the government, where state 
presence is ineffective. Local State presence is highly 
corrupted by the drug trafficking 
elements.  These victims in the VRAE, mainly underage girls, 
are forced to work in brothels, some of them owned by drug 
traffickers, and to service members of the drug trafficking 
organizations - though accurate reporting is limited and 
anecdotal.  Overall, trafficking victims in Peru are coerced 
into 
prostitution in bars, nightclubs, and brothels or forced to 
labor in the mining industry, serve as drug dealers, beg in 
the streets or live as domestic servants.  Though domestic 
trafficking is the primary TIP issue in Peru, there were 
cases of Peruvian victims trafficked for sexual exploitation 
to Spain, Japan, the United States and neighboring countries. 
 The major destinations for victims remain the same as last 
year's report. 
 
      C)  Neither the GOP nor the NGO community maintains 
records on the types of conditions victims are trafficked 
into.  Through the process of gathering information for this 
report, it was acknowledged by the NGO sector that 
this information needs to be tracked and recorded.  Victims 
are held captive through force or the threat of force in 
inhumane conditions and women and girls have been known to 
perform 15 sex acts daily.  Their personal identification 
documents are taken away as a means of preventing escape or 
contact with authorities. 
 
      D)  The most vulnerable group remains girls ages 8 to 
17 and young women from rural and urban areas living in 
poverty.  The majority of victims are trafficked from the 
Amazon region of Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Madre de Dios into 
the urban centers.  Also in the urban cities many boys ages 
8-11 work on the streets begging, selling candy or other 
items, and performing acrobatics or juggling in traffic. 
 
      E)  Most Peruvian traffickers are independent business 
people, often female, or family-based organized crime 
elements.  There is some evidence of drug traffickers 
involved in human trafficking but it is not tracked and 
therefore has not been confirmed.  The most common 
methodology for traffickers is the promise of better work and 
pay or the opportunity for a better education for the child. 
Some groups go as far as to post advertisements in 
public areas offering jobs as servers in bars and 
restaurants, or nannies.  The friend of a friend approach is 
also common as is the use of employment agencies. 
 
¶3. Setting the Scene for the Government's anti-TIP Efforts 
(paragraph 24) 
 
A)     Yes the GOP does acknowledge that trafficking is 
a significant problem in Peru. 
 
B)      In 2004, the GOP established a permanent 
ministerial-level multi-sectoral committee (MSC) to lead and 
coordinate all GOP anti-TIP efforts.  The Director of the 
Office of Human Rights within the Ministry of the Interior 
chairs the committee.  The MSC includes the following:  the 
Peruvian National Police, the Migration and Naturalization 
Agency, the Public Ministry, the ministry of 
Justice, the Women's Ministry, the Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs, the Ministry of Labor, various TIP NGOs, and 
multinational organizations such as the UN and IOM  NOTE: 
The progression of a TIP case begins first with the National 
Police, then moves to the Public Ministry for prosecution and 
then to the Ministry of Justice for judgment and sentencing. 
 
C)    As reported last year, the lack of real resources for 
TIP agencies and widespread low level corruption place severe 
limitations on the government's ability to adequately address 
TIP in practice not only with prosecutions but to provide 
adequate victims, assistance.  The GOP and NGO community 
continue to identify the lack of sensitivity training for 
police and a weak knowledge base on the part of GOP 
authorities as obstacles to progress. 
 
D)    The GOP systematically monitors all TIP efforts through 
the Multi-sectoral Committee for TIP (MSC).  The MSC produces 
a public report annually detailing activities of all GOP 
involved in combating TIP as well as the activities of the 
NGO community and International Organizations.  The 2008 MSC 
report detailed the activities of the Ministry of Interior, 
Ministry Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Women and Social 
Development, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, 
Ministry of Labor, and the Ministry of Tourism.  The report 
also includes the activities of the following NGOs:  Accion 
por los Ninos, Instituto de Estudio dela Familia y la 
Infancia (IDEIF), Capital Humano y Social Alternativo (CHS), 
Movimiento el Pozo as well as UNICEF, UNODC, IOM, and ILO. 
 
¶4. Investigation and Prosecution of Traffickers (paragraph 25) 
 
      A - B) In January 2007 the Peruvian Congress approved 
Law 28950 against the trafficking of persons and the illegal 
trafficking of migrants.  In March 2008, Directorate 
Resolution 277-2008-DIRGEN/EMG established a National Police 
TIP Investigation Unit.  In November 2008, the implementing 
regulations of Law 28950 were approved by Supreme Decree 
007-2008-IN defining the norms and responsibilities of all 
responsible government authorities in the prevention, 
protection, assistance, and prosecution of TIP crimes and TIP 
related crimes.  The Supreme Decree further encourages the 
cooperation and commitment from the NGO community as well as 
all present international organizations. 
 
Law 28950 provides penalties from 8 to 25 years imprisonment 
for trafficking in persons for both sexual and labor 
exploitation.  If the trafficker has a position of authority, 
is a representative of a social organization or enterprise; 
has a family relationship with the victim biologically or by 
adoption or the victim is between 14 and 18 years of age, or 
has a disability, it is considered an aggravated form of 
trafficking and the penalty is between 
12 and 20 years.  The penalty is no less than 25 years if the 
trafficker is: part of a criminal organization; if the victim 
dies, is seriously wounded, or is in a life-threatening 
situation; or if the victim is under 14 years of age or has a 
disability. 
 
The following lists the sentencing guidelines within the 
Peruvian Penal Code for sexual exploitation of minors: 
 
 
Article 179:  Promoting Prostitution 
4 to 5 years 
Aggravated 
5 to 12 years 
 
Article 179-A: Clients 4 to 6 years 
 
Article 180: Pimping 3 to 8 years 
 
Aggravated 
6 to 12 years 
 
Article 181:  Child-Sex Tourism 
2 to 6 years 
 
Aggravated 
6 to 10 years 
 
Article 183:  Child Pornography 
 
 
If the victim is between 14 and 18 
4 to 6 years 
 
If the victim is less than 14 
6 to 8 years 
 
Aggravated 
8 to 12 years 
 
C)  The following lists the sentencing guidelines within 
the Peruvian Penal Code for labor exploitation: 
 
 
Article 128: Forced labor in dangerous conditions 
1 to 4 years 
 
Aggravated 
2 to 5 years 
 
Article 129: Forced labor resulting in serious 
 
Injury or death 
3 to 8 years 
 
Article 168:  Forced labor 
2 years 
 
 
 
D)   Law 28704 outlines the penalties for rape or forcible 
sexual assault as the following: 
 
Article 170: Rape 
6 to 8 years 
 
Aggravated 
12 to 18 years 
 
 
Article 171:  Rape of a person in an unconscious situation or 
injury 
10 to 15 years 
 
Aggravated 
12 to 18 years 
 
 
Article 172:  Rape of a persona with a disability or injury 
20 to 25 years 
 
Aggravated 
25 to 30 years 
 
 
Article 173:  Rape of a minor less than 14 years 
 
If the victim is less than 10 years 
old 
Life imprisonment 
 
If the victim is 10 to 14 years old 
25 to 30 years 
 
Aggravated 
Life imprisonment 
 
 
Article 173-A:  Rape of minor resulting in serious injury or 
death 
Life imprisonment 
 
 
Article 174:  Rape if the individual has a position of 
authority on the victim 
7 to 10 years 
 
 
Article 176 and 176A: Acts of public indecency with minors 
 
If the victim is less than 7 years old 
7 to 10 years 
 
If the victim is between 7 to 10 years old 
6 to 9 years 
 
If the victim is between 10 to 14 years old 
5 to 8 years 
 
Aggravated 
10 to 12 years 
 
 
E)  Law Enforcement Statistics: 
 
Accurate and complete information is difficult to obtain from 
the Peruvian judicial system because communication and 
data-sharing within and between the ministries remains 
problematic, hence the inconsistent information year to 
year.  This issue is recognized amongst the involved agencies 
at the working level and by the MSC. 
 
In 2008, the TIP Investigation Unit reports investigating 145 
TIP related crimes.  The RETA system reports 54 TIP cases in 
the prosecutorial system, 5 of which received sentences from 
8 to 12 years in prison.  Though the TIP 
Investigation Uni repeatedly raided clandestine brothels and 
rescued/ returned a number of young women, the raids resulted 
in few arrests for trafficking crimes and the numbers of 
those rescued were not accurately reported. 
 
The following lists TIP cases prosecuted during the year: 
 
June 2008:  Paulina Sherllit Ortiz Sandoval, otherwise known 
as "Paulina-Negra Bertha" was sentenced to 8 years in prison 
for the forced labor and sexual exploitation of minors in the 
cities of Iquitos and Cusco. 
 
July 2008: Placentino de la Cruz Salhua was sentenced to 9 
years in prison for the forced labor and sexual exploitation 
of minors in the cities of Pucallpa and Lima. 
 
December 2008:  Teobaldo Saavedra Chamba was sentenced to 12 
years in prison for sexual exploitation in the cities of 
Iquitos and Sullana.  Also in December, Segundo Yoel Merino 
Sanchez, owner of a tourist restaurant in Piura, was arrested 
by the TIP Investigation Unit on charges of forced labor and 
the sexual exploitation of minors, his case is still pending. 
 
IOM Statistics 
 
As of October 2008, IOM reports that of the ninety-six 
possible TIP violations reported to the Ministry of 
Interior's hot line service from March 2006 to July 2008, The 
Judicial Power was only able to prosecute three.  It is 
unclear at this time if that is due to most of the calls not 
being trafficking related or the inability to follow through 
on the reports.  Overall, IOM data supports the GOP's 
information that the majority of trafficking victims come 
from the Amazon jungle regions. 
 
F)  The NGO community, as well as international organizations 
such as the UN and IOM, work closely with the GOP to train 
police officers, prosecutors, and judges specifically on TIP. 
  The GOP provides conference facilities and other services 
for TIP training. As the Ministry of the Interior continues 
the expansion of the RETA case tracking system, training for 
police officers and 
prosecutors on how to use the system also includes 
generalized training on TIP and recognizing TIP crimes. 
Finally, the recently passed implementing regulation for TIP 
Law 28950 emphasizes the importance of training GOP 
officials on TIP crimes thus demonstrating the GOP 
recognition of the need for training. 
 
G)  The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has established a 
protocol between the Peruvian National Polie (PNP) and 
Interpol to respond to complaints filed by TIP victims 
outside of Peru.  There were no reports of international 
trafficking investigations during the reporting period. 
 
H)  According to current Peruvian law, any criminal act 
committed by a Peruvian in a foreign country can be tried in 
Peruvian courts as if the crime had been committed in Peru. 
The law also stipulates that Peru is obligated to conform to 
all international treaties and norms that it has signed and 
ratified including extradition treaties. To date, no one has 
been extradited for TIP crimes, and no Peruvian has been 
charged with TIP crimes outside of Peru.  There are no 
reports of TIP related extraditions during the 
reporting period. 
 
I)     Low level police corruption remains an issue, however, 
there is no evidence of GOP involvement or tolerance of 
trafficking. 
 
J)    There are no reports of GOP involvement in TIP crimes 
during the reporting period. 
 
K)     Though the act of prostitution in not criminalized in 
Peru, the activities of brothel owners/operators, clients, 
pimps, and enforcers are criminalized.  Prostitution is legal 
for women over the age of 18 but they must register with 
municipal authorities and carry a current certification of 
health. 
 
L)  The law applies to any TIP criminal act committed by a 
Peruvian national either at home or deployed abroad.    As 
defined by Peruvian Law, the government may investigate, 
prosecute, convict and sentence Peruvian nationals for acts 
committed while deployed abroad.  There were no reported 
cases of Peruvian nationals involved with TIP crimes while 
deployed abroad. 
 
M)  Peru is a destination for child sex tourism primarily in 
the cities of Iquitos and Cusco.  The GOP does not maintain 
comprehensive data on the arrest, prosecution, or extradition 
of foreign sex tourists in Peru nor does the GOP maintain 
data on the number of pedophiles prosecuted in Peru or 
extradited to their country of origin. 
 
¶5. Protection and Assistance to Victims (paragraph 26) 
 
A) According to the law, the GOP is required to assist and 
protect victims and witnesses by providing temporary lodging, 
transportation, medical, psychological, and legal assistance, 
as well as assistance in re-adapting 
to family and society.  Under the law are provisions for 
witness protection which include new identities, safe houses, 
police protection, and new jobs.  However, the GOP has yet to 
put in the real resources to achieve what is 
mandated by law and therefore there are limited facilities 
and resources and effective protection to victims and 
witnesses. 
 
Under the law, the following government authorities are able 
to provide victim assistance and witness protection:  the 
Ministry of Women and Social Development, Ministry of Health, 
Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Education, Ministry of 
Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Justice, Ministry 
of Labor and Employment, the Public Ministry, and the 
Ministry of Justice. 
 
B) The GOP does not operate specific TIP shelters.  What 
shelters exist are operated by the local NGO community, 
though with some support from the Government such as 
subsidized locations and food.  At this time, the GOP does 
not have a specific budget line for TIP victims, assistance 
nor is there significant financial support from the GOP to 
the NGO community.  Most TIP 
victims are cared for in women and children's shelters such 
as those run by the Ministry of Women and Social Development 
located in Iquitos and Cusco; shelters whose primary mandate 
is to assist child victims of sexual abuse 
and are not necessarily equipped to handle the special needs 
of TIP victims.  The National Institute for Infant and Child 
Welfare does maintain a live-in center for TIP victims in the 
cities of Callao and Chiclayo, but it is 
administered by a local religious welfare organization called 
the Sisters of Adoration and the NGO Movimiento El Pozo.  At 
this time, there is no specialized center/shelter for adult 
male victims. 
C) In general, the GOP is ill equipped and unable to provide 
victims, assistance, especially at the street level; i.e. 
police officers.  In many cases, underage prostitutes and 
victims return to the brothel because it is 
the only place where they can find food and shelter.  There 
is a real lack of training and sensitization to TIP and the 
special needs of TIP victims.  Victims are not advised of 
their rights and medical treatment is limited or not 
provided.  There is no GOP funding to NGOs or through 
international organizations for victim assistance, aside from 
that mentioned above. 
 
D) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is equipped to provide 
assistance to foreign victims attempting to return to their 
country of origin.  One such case involved an Ecuadorian 
victim who had been deceived via an internet ad 
and then sexually exploited in Peru.  She was given temporary 
shelter and then repatriated to her country of origin. 
 
E) The GOP has limited long-term shelters or live-in centers 
capable of providing rehabilitation services; what shelters 
do exist are for short term emergency care.  The NGO Sister 
of Adoration is the only known shelter providing long term 
and live-in assistance to TIP victims.  Victims receive 
medical and psychological care as well as vocational training 
in baking, hairdressing, dressmaking and computers.  Capacity 
is 60 female adolescents, 
but there is additional space for the infants and children of 
these victims. 
 
F) There is no formal referral process for the 
transfer of victims. 
 
G) According to the RETA case tracking system, 153 
trafficking victims were identified during the reporting 
period.  However, it is suspected that the number is 
significantly higher because information available continues 
to be inaccurate and incomplete.  The number of victims 
assisted is not available.  The intent of the recently passed 
implementing regulations of Law 28950 is to 
help streamline the reporting of TIP related data and improve 
the accuracy of the nationwide numbers. 
 
H) The GOP does not have a formal mechanism for identifying 
trafficking victims among persons involved in the 
legal/regulated commercial sex trade.  The lack of proper 
identification and age determination of victims and 
persons involved in the legal sex trade also makes it 
difficult to establish the number of underage TIP victims. 
 
 
I) Basic human rights are generally respected by the local 
police forces and there are no reports of trafficking victims 
being mistreated, detained, jailed, or fined. 
 
J) Currently, there is no GOP program or mechanism to 
encourage victim participation in their own investigation or 
in the prosecution of the trafficker.  Victims may file civil 
suits or seek other legal action against traffickers though 
there have been no examples of this occurring in Peru. 
Victims are not permitted to leave the country without 
permission from the court while their case is being processed. 
 
K) As stated above, the recent passage of the implementing 
regulations of Law 28950 includes the need for specialized 
training for government officials.  The NGO community 
provides training for police officers and prosecutors as does 
the United Nations.  Peruvian embassies worldwide provide 
emergency phone line services for victims of trafficking and 
are required to maintain current 
information of protection centers within their jurisdictions 
for victim referrals. 
 
The NGO Action for the Children (AFC) completed training law 
enforcement officers and other government officials in the 
identification and prevention of TIP crimes.  The training 
was conducted in Lima, Callao, Huarmey, Ancash, 
Huaraz, Huari, Sihuas, and Recuay.  Action for the Children 
trained 848 municipal officers, 588 students, teachers, 
school directors, and education specialists in TIP awareness. 
 AFC conducted workshops on identifying solutions and 
prevention of TIP for 304 police officers, prosecutors, and 
judges.  AFC worked with the naturalization and migrations 
office to train 75 officers in prevention and victim 
assistance.  Eighteen journalists participated in a TIP 
workshop focused on education and human rights. 
L) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has mechanisms in place to 
work with counterpart Peruvian ministries in assisting 
repatriated victims. 
 
M) Overall, there are 14 NGOs and international organizations 
in Peru that work on TIP-related issues.  These NGOs and 
international organizations work closely with the GOP on TIP 
and are often invited to attend the MSC 
meetings. 
 
The following seven NGOs work specifically with TIP 
victims: 
 
-- Action for the Children (Accion por los Ninos): Conducts 
training for GOP officials, organizes community anti-TIP 
campaigns, and coordinates with law enforcement authorities 
in victim assistance.  This NGO also operates a shelter for 
underage TIP victims. 
 
-- Save the Children: This NGO also provides training for 
GOP officials mainly focused on sexual and labor 
exploitation of children and adolescents. 
 
-- The El Pozo Movement (Movimiento El Pozo) seeks out and 
identifies sexually exploited or abused women and minors 
and provides guidance counseling and temporary shelter for 
victims. 
 
-- Flora Tristan Center (Centro de la Mujer Peruana Flora 
Tristan) seeks out and identifies sexually exploited or 
abused women and provides guidance counseling and temporary 
shelter for victims. 
 
-- Sisters of Adoration (Hermanas Adoratrices) provides 
long-term shelter and rehabilitation services including 
educational skills for female victims of commercial sexual 
exploitation of minors. 
 
-- Institute for the Study of Children and the Family 
(Instituto de Estudios por la Infancia y la Familia) 
provides training for GOP officials focused on trafficking 
of children and adolescents for sexual exploitation as well 
as child sex tourism and border trafficking of children. 
 
-- Human and Social Capital Alternative (Capital Humano y 
Social Alternativo CHS/A) provides training for law 
enforcement officials and operated a women and children's 
shelter in Iquitos.  This NGO designed the computerized 
case-tracking system RETA for TIP and trains the police 
using the system. 
 
The following six international NGOs and organizations are 
operating in Peru.  There are no reports from these 
organizations of lack of cooperation from local 
authorities. 
 
-- International Office of Migration (IOM) supports and/or 
participates in TIP workshops/training sessions 
nationwide.  The IOM is assisting the GOP's MSC to produce 
a National Plan of Action for TIP and funds the toll-free 
hotline run by the Ministry of the Interior. 
 
-- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) provides 
technical assistance and support for training on combating 
the sexual exploitation of children and 
adolescents--prevention, public education, and 
rehabilitation of the victims. 
 
-- International Labor Organization (ILO): Provides 
technical assistance and support for training regarding 
labor exploitation. 
 
-- United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC): 
Provides technical assistance and financial support for 
training on TIP issues. 
 
¶7.  Prevention (paragraph 27) 
 
A) During the reporting period, the Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs produced videos aimed at educating travelers and 
visitors regarding the legal consequences of engaging in TIP 
or consuming TIP services.  The videos are 
running in different public transportation locations across 
the country and are primarily aimed at consumers. 
 
The International Office of Migrations (IOM) conducted an 
anti-trafficking information and education campaign aimed at 
potential victims entitled "Don't be treated as merchandise" 
in an effort to raise awareness about the various forms and 
modalities of trafficker methodologies.  The primary 
objective of the campaign was to promote the hotline and 
encourage society to report TIP related crimes.  Since the 
installation of the hotline in 2006,  the 
Ministry of Interior it has received over 11,000 calls with a 
noted increase of calls during the campaign and other similar 
awareness efforts throughout the country. 
 
B) The Immigration Unit within the Peruvian National Police 
and Peruvian Immigration within the Ministry of the Interior 
do not monitor immigration and emigration patterns for 
evidence of trafficking.  Law enforcement agencies 
along the borders do not screen for potential trafficking 
victims. 
 
C) The mechanism for coordination and communication between 
the various government authorities on TIP issues is through 
the permanent, ministerial level Multi-Sectoral Committee; 
established in 2004.  Three coordination 
meetings were called during the reporting period. 
 
D) The national plan of action against trafficking in persons 
2007-2011 has yet to be approved.  The MSC worked with IOM to 
draft the plan but it is still under review in the legal 
office of the Ministry of the Interior 
 
E) The GOP has not taken any measures during the reporting 
period to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts. 
 
F) The GOP has not taken any measures reduce international 
child sex tourism by nationals of Peru during the rating 
period. 
 
 
G) There is no record that the Ministry of Defense has taken 
any measures to avoid participation of Peruvian soldiers in 
any actions related to trafficking in persons. 
 
TIP POC at Post is Alexandra Z. Tenny/NAS Programs 
Officer.  Phone: 511-618-2689; TennyAZ@state.gov; Fax: 
511-618-2799 
 
The Following Personnel contributed to the preparation of 
this report 
 
- Alexandra Z. Tenny/ NAS Programs Officer/ FS-03 
- Maria Eugenia Vizcarra/NAS Demand Reduction Advisor/ FSN-11 
- Maureen Nealon/Intern 
- Garace Reynard/NAS Deputy Director/ FS-01 
 
This report required approximately 40 hours to complete. 
MCKINLEY