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UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 ASTANA 000484 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPARMENT FOR SCA/CEN, SCA/PPD, DRL 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV PREL PHUM SOCI KDEM KPAO KZ
SUBJECT:  KAZAKHSTAN:  AMBASSADOR DELIVERS, PUBLISHES DEMOCRACY 
SPEECH 
 
ASTANA 00000484  001.2 OF 004 
 
 
¶1. (U) Sensitive but unclassified.  Not for public Internet. 
 
¶2.  (SBU) SUMMARY:  On March 16, the Ambassador delivered a speech 
on democracy to approximately 100 students and professors at the 
Kazakh University of Humanities and Law in Astana.  The text of the 
speech was published in full on page three of the March 17 edition 
of "Express K", a daily Russian-language newspaper, and is expected 
to be run next week by "Turkestan," a weekly Kazakh-language paper. 
Following the speech, the Ambassador met with the university's 
president, Maksut Narikbayev, who is also a renowned jurist close to 
President Nazarbayev.  Narikbayev said that Kazakhstan's younger 
generation will advance the country's democratic development.  He 
frankly admitted that there have been problems with Kazakhstan's 
elections, and also expressed concerns about the concentration of 
power in the President's hands.  END SUMMARY. 
 
SPEECH DELIVERED TO STUDENTS, PUBLISHED IN LOCAL PRESS 
 
¶3.  (U) On March 16, the Ambassador delivered a speech on democracy 
to approximately 100 students and professors at the Kazakh 
University of Humanities and Law in Astana.  (NOTE:  The full text 
of the Ambassador's speech appears in para 9 below.  END NOTE.) 
Following his address, the Ambassador answered questions on topics 
ranging from whether U.S. law applies equally to visitors to the 
United States as well as U.S. citizens, to whether changing 
mentalities is as important as changing institutions.  The 
Ambassador underscored that rule of law is part of the U.S. 
democratic system, and thus the law applies equally to everyone.  On 
the need to change mentalities, he agreed that democracy is a long 
process, noting that President Obama's election would not have been 
possible 50 years ago. 
 
¶4.  (U) On March 17, pro-government, Russian-language "Express K" 
daily (circulation 21,000) ran the speech in its entirety on page 
three.  The Kazakh-language weekly newspaper "Turkestan" 
(circulation 10,500) is expected to run the speech next week. 
(NOTE:  "Turkestan" could not publish the speech this week because 
that issue is entirely dedicated to the celebration of Nauryz.  END 
NOTE.) 
 
UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT PLACES HOPES ON YOUNG GENERATION 
 
¶5.  (SBU) Following the lecture, the university's president, Maksut 
Narikbayev -- a former Procurator General and Chief Justice of 
Kazakhstan's Supreme Court, current head of the pro-government 
Adilet political party, and longtime friend of President Nazarbayev 
-- publicly thanked the Ambassador for his remarks, and commented 
that the United States and Kazakhstan agree "on all major principles 
of democracy."  He said that President Nazarbayev has chosen to 
undertake reforms step-by-step in order to "prevent developments 
similar to those that have taken place in Georgia, Ukraine, and 
Kyrgyzstan." 
 
¶6.  (SBU) Narikbayev told the Ambassador that Kazakhstan has a young 
generation of educated people capable of further advancing the 
country's democratic development.  He suggested that his generation 
had created the foundation, but young people "will have to complete 
construction of the roof."  Turning to the topic of elections, 
Narikbayev said was surprised at the "double standards" of U.S. 
policy such as "holding guns to people's heads in Afghanistan," but 
also admitted that Kazakhstan has problems holding fair elections, 
commenting that "Kazakhstani election law is good enough for holding 
elections, but the 'bureaucratic mafia' does not apply it 
properly." 
 
CONCERNS ABOUT CONCENTRATION OF POWER 
 
¶7.  (SBU) At a private meeting following the event, the Ambassador 
asked Narikbayev for his view of legal developments in Kazakhstan. 
Narikbayev responded that the last four years have been marked by an 
 
ASTANA 00000484  002.2 OF 004 
 
 
absence of responsibility.  He said the 1995 constitution is 
hindering Kazakhstan's legal development and that he had been a 
member of the Council on Legal Policy that had worked to put 
together a new legal framework.  Narikbayev noted that he had 
published a number of statements -- including an open appeal to the 
President -- citing the necessity of constitutional change.  "The 
law does not spell out the responsibility of those who have been 
entrusted with different authorities," he claimed.  "The President 
is the arbiter of all three branches of government -- the executive, 
legislative, and judicial.  This system works only because 
Nazarbayev has a strong personality and the three branches look to 
him to tell them what to do next.  They only act when he notices 
that something is wrong."  Narikbayev opined that Kazakhstan needs 
something similar to the U.S. system, in which the President is 
responsible just for the executive branch and takes responsibility 
for his cabinet. 
 
¶8.  (SBU) The Ambassador agreed, noting that a dangerous situation 
is created when a strong leader, in charge of all three branches, 
leaves the scene without the institutions of succession well 
established.  He stressed the need to build independent, enduring 
institutions, explaining that these are the guarantee of stability. 
Narikbayev replied that he had shared his own vision of"radical 
reform" in a public statement.  He stressed the need for judges to 
be prepared and trained instead of relying on a chief justice and 
underscored that the current system creates an environment in which 
no politically-charged decision is made without checking with the 
chief justice.  Narikbayev said he thought the global financial 
crisis would help Kazakhstan to move ahead with "new concepts." 
 
TEXT OF THE AMBASSADOR'S SPEECH 
 
¶9.  (U) Begin text of speech: 
 
I would like to say a few words about democracy.  Specifically, I'd 
like to say what it is and what it is not. 
 
The root of the English word democracy is an ancient Greek word, 
demos, which means people - and it means all people, not just an 
individual class, not just the ruling elite, not just the powerful, 
not just the rich. 
 
In most simple terms, democracy is the voice of the people.  It 
means that all citizens of a nation, of any nation, have a voice in 
how they are governed.  It's not the voice of the mob.  It's not 
tyranny by a minority.  It's not limited to a certain class. 
 
Democracy is, rather, a system of consultation, cooperation, 
collaboration, and compromise among all citizens.  It is individual 
citizens working together to take responsibility for their own 
well-being, and for the well-being of the nation.  It is the farmer, 
school teachers and parents, the doctor, the business man and 
business woman, the local bureaucrat, and the most senior officials 
all listening to each other with respect and finding the fair 
compromise that best suits the majority.  Democracy is the ultimate 
expression of peace and concord in a society. 
 
In my diplomatic career in Central Asia, before I came to 
Kazakhstan, I have had some senior government officials tell me, 
"You have to understand we are Asian, and we have a different 
mind-set.  Your democracy is impossible for us.  We have to respect 
our history, our tradition, and our customs." 
 
My respectful reply has always been that democracy is not a rigid 
ideology that can be imposed on a nation and a people.  And, God 
forbid, anyone should ever think it can be imposed by force. 
Democracy always develops organically, and it always respects the 
history, tradition, and customs of the people. 
 
I like to point out that democracy is indeed possible in Asia.  We 
 
ASTANA 00000484  003.2 OF 004 
 
 
need only to look at examples like Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, 
the Philippines, and India, among others.  All are successful, 
functioning democracies.  And each one of these Asian democracies is 
an organic expression of its people's history, tradition, and 
customs. 
 
Sometimes people misunderstand and say that the U.S. view of 
democracy means Washington both openly and secretly supports 
opposition parties and personalities to overthrow existing 
governments.  In the most extreme propaganda from some sources, some 
say that the United States organizes so-called Color Revolutions 
against existing governments.  But that simply is not true.  It's 
not true now, and it has not ever been true in the past.  So-called 
Color Revolutions happened when corrupt governments manipulated 
election results to deny the voice of the people. 
 
Yes, we pay attention to and stay in contact with so-called 
opposition politicians.  That is simply the job of a diplomat.  But 
in the end, for opposition leaders to be successful, they and their 
parties must build their own constituencies and develop their own 
political platforms of policies that will appeal to citizens and 
will be of benefit to the majority.  If they cannot do that, they 
will not succeed - and no amount of U.S. open or secret support can 
ever guarantee their success, because democracy is the voice of the 
people. 
 
Does the United States continue to support democracy and democratic 
individuals and their democratic movements?  Bezuslovno, da!  Imeno 
po-tomy shto eto nash ideal!  But it is extremely important to 
distinguish between ideal and ideology.  We firmly support our 
ideals, but we do not conspire to impose our ideology.  At the same 
time, I assure you I will always speak out against unnecessary and 
egregious actions against individuals and against their political 
movements - when the facts are clear. 
 
Sometimes, people in Kazakhstan ask if I think Kazakhstan is a 
democracy.  That's a most difficult question to answer - because 
democracy is a process.   At the most fundamental level, when I 
observe and evaluate democracy in Kazakhstan, I want to do so from a 
perspective that is based on objective reality. 
 
Is Kazakhstan a fully mature democracy with all the institutions of 
democracy firmly in place?  Well, probably not yet.  But is it on a 
democratic path?  Yes, I really do think so. 
 
Why can I say that?  Because I am impressed by local citizens who 
work together to ask their akims to ensure that their apartments 
have heat and hot water, or to ensure that they receive apartments 
they have already paid for in advance.  I am impressed by those who 
challenge the high-handedness of government officials who do not 
work to support the rights of the people.  Citizens working together 
with their government to solve their common problems is democracy in 
action. 
 
I can say that Kazakhstan is on a democratic path because I am 
impressed by private-citizen social movements, independent 
non-governmental organizations, and government-approved 
organizations that include a broad range of public opinion where 
citizens generally can debate openly and express their views freely 
without fear of being dragged off to jail.  That, too, is democracy 
in action. 
 
I can say that Kazakhstan is on a democratic path when I see the 
Prime Minister encourage citizen dialog with the government on his 
Internet blog, and when he encourages other ministers to open blogs 
for the public.  I know some cynics dismiss this as clever PR, 
public relations.  But I think this, too, is democracy in action. 
 
If I could respectfully make one suggestion, I would say the next 
steps would be for Kazakhstan to create the institutions that 
 
ASTANA 00000484  004.2 OF 004 
 
 
guarantee the long-term success of any democratic nation.  One of 
these institutions, for example, would be truly independent election 
commissions that guarantee full participation by all parties, NGOs, 
and social movements.  The other side of this coin, of course, is 
that these parties, NGOs, and social movements must participate in 
this process responsibly.  That, in fact, is another hallmark of 
democracy - that citizens play a responsible role:  not to a party, 
not to the government, but to the nation. 
 
Another goal should be to move toward a transparent and fully 
independent judicial system that guarantees the rule of law.  In my 
country, the independent judiciary is essential to the rule of law. 
When our politicians and bureaucrats violate the law, sooner or 
later our legal system usually will catch up with them, and neither 
the government nor their political parties can protect them from the 
consequences.  In our history, we have had mayors, governors, 
congressmen (members of parliament) and presidential advisers serve 
time in prison for violating the law.  In a mature democracy, no one 
is above the law. 
 
As the personal representative of the President of the United 
States, my highest responsibility is to work with the Government of 
Kazakhstan on all issues in which we have mutual national interests. 
 Certainly, democracy is one of them.  But it is only one issue.  My 
responsibility as the Ambassador of the United States is to keep all 
issues in balance.  I hope that I do so, at the same time that I 
never forget my nation's democratic ideals. 
 
End text of speech. 
 
HOAGLAND