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INFO RUEHUJA/AMEMBASSY ABUJA 0109
RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 0380
RUEHSL/AMEMBASSY BRATISLAVA 0112
RUEHBM/AMEMBASSY BUCHAREST 0228
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RUEHOS/AMCONSUL LAGOS 0063
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RUEHRG/AMCONSUL RECIFE 0017
RUEHRI/AMCONSUL RIO DE JANEIRO 0037
RUEHSO/AMCONSUL SAO PAULO 0059
RHEFHLC/HOMELAND SECURITY CENTER WASHINGTON DC
RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC
RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHDC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 20 LISBON 000101 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPARTMENT PLEASE PASS TO USAID, G/TIP, G-ACBLANK, INL, 
DRL, PRM, AND EUR/PGI 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KCRM PHUM KWMN SMIG KFRD KTIP ASEC PREF ELAB
PO 
SUBJECT: PORTUGAL: NINTH ANNUAL TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS 
(TIP) REPORT 
 
REF: STATE 132759 
 
Per Reftel 132759, this cable addresses questions in 
paragraphs 23-27 of the tasking message. 
 
Embassy Lisbon's point of contact on trafficking is Rita 
Penedo, Senior Officer for CAIM Project, Security 
Coordination Office (GCS), Ministry of the Interior, tel: 
351-21-323-6428 (direct) or 351-21-323-6409/10/11 
(switchboard), fax: 351-21-323-6425.  The Embassy's 
Political-Economic Assistant spent over 80 hours researching 
and meeting with Embassy contacts in preparation of this TIP 
report cable. 
 
¶23. (U) THE COUNTRY'S TIP SITUATION: 
 
-- A. What is (are) the source(s) of available information on 
trafficking in persons?  What plans are in place (if any) to 
undertake further documentation of human trafficking?  How 
reliable are these sources? 
 
In Portugal, the sources of available information on 
trafficking in persons are the following: 
 
¶1. The Monitoring Center for Trafficking in Persons; 
¶2. The Foreigners and Borders Service (SEF); 
¶3. The High Commission for Immigration and Intercultural 
Dialogue (ACIDI); 
¶4. The Portuguese Association for Victim Support (APAV); 
¶5. The International Organization for Migration (IOM); 
¶6. The Commission for the Equality and Rights of Women 
(CIDM); 
¶7. The Ministry of Justice; 
¶8. The Association for Family Planning (APF); 
¶9. The Judiciary Police (PJ); 
¶10. The Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality (CIG) 
 
These sources are reliable; however, because there was, until 
recently, a lack of coordination among the various government 
organizations and NGOs, available data are limited.  With the 
national monitoring center operational, new reliable 
procedures have been implemented to facilitate the gathering 
of comprehensive trafficking data.  All police who handle a 
possible trafficking case are now required to fill out a 
standard detailed form with information about the case, and 
to submit it to the monitoring center.  This form was 
originally designed for sexual exploitation cases only but 
was expanded in 2007 to encompass cases of labor 
exploitation.  This form is carefully analyzed by the 
center's work group, made up of multiagency staff, who 
decides whether or not the case is, indeed, trafficking.  If 
so, it is recorded in the database.  All government officials 
involved in each trafficking case have access to this 
confidential form. 
 
Reliable information on trafficking can also be found in 
CAIM's web page (www.caim.com.pt) (See paragraph 23B for 
information on the government's anti-trafficking project 
CAIM).  This comprehensive site became available in February 
2007 and provides a wealth of information, including CAIM's 
objectives, national/international partnerships and 
legislation, links to 
 
LISBON 00000101  002 OF 020 
 
 
government and NGOs for assistance to victims, information 
guides for victims, media coverage of trafficking cases, 
national and international trafficking reports.  Trafficking 
statistics in Portugal, including numbers of investigations, 
prosecutions, and convictions, will be 
available on the website as of early April 2008.  Access to 
sensitive data is closely controlled.  Portugal requested 
various countries, including Brazil, to incorporate the CAIM 
link into their TIP websites. 
 
In 2008, the Portuguese Ministry of the Interior took the 
lead and currently coordinates the transnational project 
"Trafficking in Human Beings ) Data Collection and 
Harmonized Information Management System".  Partner countries 
include Slovakia, Poland, and the Czech Republic.  The main 
goal of this data-gathering project, co-financed by the 
European Commission, is to develop, consolidate and share 
with partner countries common trafficking indicators, which 
will contribute to improve trafficking policies in these 
countries. 
 
-- B. Is the country a country of origin, transit, and/or 
destination for internationally trafficked men, women, or 
children?  Does trafficking occur within the country's 
borders?  If so, does internal trafficking occur in territory 
outside of the government's control (e.g. in a 
civil war situation)?  To where are people trafficked?  For 
what purposes are they trafficked?  Provide, where possible, 
numbers or estimates for each group of trafficking victims. 
Have there been any changes in the TIP situation since the 
last TIP Report (e.g. changes in destinations)? 
 
Portugal is a country of origin, transit, and destination for 
international trafficked men, women, and children.  The 
trafficking occurs across a mostly unsupervised border with 
Spain and also within Portugal.  It does not occur in 
territory outside the government's control.  A full-time body 
run by the Ministry of the Interior (with assistance from 
other government agencies and NGOs) to monitor and gather 
statistics/data on trafficking-related developments began 
operation in January 2007.  The trafficking data 
are collected in a central database using input from the 
various entities that track trafficking cases, including 
police, security sources, and NGOs. 
 
Women:  The majority of victims is from Brazil and is 
trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation. 
Typically, victims are women with low education, between the 
ages of 18 and 24.  The majority are legal immigrants, with 
their documents in order and valid visas.  Traffickers of 
these women often use the country as a springboard to other 
European Union destinations. 
 
Men:  Victims are mainly from Eastern Europe (Ukraine, 
Moldova, Russia, Romania) and from African Lusophone 
countries, and are trafficked for forced labor. 
Children:  Neither government authorities nor NGOs have 
direct knowledge of trafficking of children but estimate that 
there are between 50-100 Roma minors, brought to Portugal by 
family networks, used as street beggars. 
 
There have been no changes in direction of trafficking 
 
LISBON 00000101  003 OF 020 
 
 
victims.  The persons trafficked are mainly from Brazil 
(women for sexual exploitation) and, to a lesser extent, from 
Eastern Europe (Ukraine, Moldova, Russia, Romania) and from 
African countries (Nigeria and Lusophone countries).  Some 
trafficking victims are transited through Portugal en route 
to other European countries. 
 
Portugal is not a significant country of origin. 
 
Since its election in March 2005, the Socialist government 
has moved energetically to address trafficking.  In December 
2005, it launched a pilot project (CAIM - Cooperation, 
Action, Investigation and World Vision) to combat the 
trafficking of women for sexual exploitation in Portugal. In 
2007 this project added combating trafficking for labor 
exploitation to its list of objectives.  Task forces from the 
Ministries of Justice and Interior, the Commission for the 
Equality and Rights of Women (CIDM), the High Commission for 
Immigration and Inter-Cultural Dialogue (ACIDI), the 
International Organization for Migration (IOM), various NGOs, 
and police and security forces collaborated in designing the 
CAIM project and work together on a regular basis to carry 
out its objectives.  One of the project's main goals - to 
establish a full-time body in the Ministry of Interior to 
monitor trafficking-related developments through the creation 
of a database with comprehensive statistics - operational 
since January 2007.  This monitoring center has also created 
a registry for filing legal complaints (See paragraph 26F) 
with security forces and has opened the first 
government-financed safe house specifically for trafficking 
victims. 
 
-- C. What kind of conditions are the victims trafficked 
into? 
 
Women trafficked for sexual exploitation are harbored in 
rooms/apartments in or near brothels or clubs.  Upon arrival, 
their passports may be withheld and turned over to a brothel 
or club operator.  Many, especially Brazilian women, have 
initially consented to prostitution activities but may later 
be subjected to threats and violence.  Trafficked men are 
housed in similar conditions, usually close to construction 
sites where they work.  They have usually consented to the 
labor activity but are sometimes victims of violence, 
threats, fraud, coercion, peonage, and debt bondage.  Police 
and NGOs have reported that Roma children, brought to 
Portugal by family networks, are sometimes forced to beg on 
street corners. 
 
Trafficking victims are not normally kept locked up.  Reports 
from victims who have escaped describe limited freedom of 
movement, such as accompanied shopping trips. 
 
-- D. Vulnerability to TIP: Are certain groups of persons 
more at risk of being trafficked (e.g. women and 
children, boys versus girls, certain ethnic groups, 
refugees, IDPs, etc.)? 
 
Persons more at risk of being trafficked are women, for 
sexual exploitation, but there were reports of men being 
trafficked for forced labor. 
 
 
LISBON 00000101  004 OF 020 
 
 
-- E. Traffickers and Their Methods: Who are the 
traffickers/exploiters?  Are they independent business 
people?  Small or family-based crime groups?  Large 
international organized crime syndicates?  What methods 
are used to approach victims?  For example, are they 
offered lucrative jobs, sold by their families, or 
approached by friends of friends?  What methods are used 
to move the victims (e.g., are false documents being 
used?).  Are employment, travel, and tourism agencies or 
marriage brokers involved with or fronting for traffickers or 
crime groups to traffic individuals? 
 
SEF reports that traffickers tend to be men between the ages 
of 20 and 50, who are either independent businessmen or 
employees in prostitution-related establishments.  Victims 
are often offered lucrative jobs and are usually approached 
by friends of friends. 
 
¶24. (U) SETTING THE SCENE FOR THE GOVERNMENT'S ANTI-TIP 
EFFORTS: 
 
-- A. Does the government acknowledge that trafficking is 
a problem in the country?  If not, why not? 
 
Yes. 
 
-- B. Which government agencies are involved in anti- 
trafficking efforts and which agency, if any, has the 
lead? 
 
¶1. The Monitoring Center for Trafficking in Persons, Ministry 
of the Interior (has the lead); 
¶2. The Commission for the Equality and Rights of Women 
(CIDM), under the Ministry for the Presidency of the Council 
of Ministers; 
¶3. The Ministry of Justice; 
¶4. The Foreigners and Borders Service (SEF); 
¶5. The High Commission for Immigration and Intercultural 
Dialogue (ACIDI); 
¶6. The Republican National Guard (GNR); 
¶7. The Judicial Police (PJ); 
¶8. The Public Security Police (PSP); 
¶9. The Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality (CIG). 
 
-- C. What are the limitations on the government's ability to 
address this problem in practice?  For example, is funding 
for police or other institutions inadequate?  Is overall 
corruption a problem?  Does the government lack the resources 
to aid victims? 
 
In spite of serious financial constraints, the current 
government has made serious efforts to address the 
trafficking problem by providing supplementary funds to 
agencies linked to the CAIM project.  Given the importance 
placed by the government on combating trafficking, additional 
funds have been made available for police training and for 
subsidies to NGOs that shelter and assist victims, as well as 
for the establishment and operation of the Monitoring Center 
for Trafficking.  ACIDI depends on government funds and has 
received extra resources to address trafficking. 
 
Overall corruption is not a problem. 
 
LISBON 00000101  005 OF 020 
 
 
 
The government has increased resources to aid victims.  It 
places victims in its government-funded safe house for 
trafficking victims (See paragraph 26B), and continues to 
refer victims to NGOs, for both protection and assistance. 
One of these NGOs, APAV, has a funding agreement with the 
government, receiving public subsidies covering 80% of its 
expenses (See paragraph 26C). 
 
-- D. To what extent does the government systematically 
monitor its anti-trafficking efforts (on all fronts -- 
prosecution, victim protection, and prevention) and 
periodically make available, publicly or privately and 
directly or through regional/international organizations, 
its assessments of these anti-trafficking efforts? 
 
Since January 2007 the Monitoring Center for Trafficking 
Victims is the official government entity specifically 
charged with gathering and processing trafficking data.  Its 
website (www.caim.com.pt) makes available assessments of 
these anti-trafficking efforts.  Upon request, it provides to 
regional/international organizations, privately and directly, 
a password for access to more detailed data.  The center is 
further tasked with sharing the information it acquires with 
appropriate authorities such as the security forces, health 
care professionals, and the justice system, and with 
preparing awareness campaigns for the public in general.  As 
an integral part of the CAIM project, the center collaborates 
with its CAIM partners in devising the GOP's trafficking 
policy responses.  It also plays a key role in fostering 
collaborative anti-trafficking efforts with other governments. 
 
The implementation of the CAIM project has resulted in 
greater coordination among police, government entities, and 
NGOs, making statistical data gathering more reliable and 
accurate.  With reforms to the penal code defining 
trafficking as a distinct crime and broadening penalties for 
it, in effect since September 2007, annual statistical 
summaries compiled by the GOP now include TIP in its own 
statistical category.  The Judiciary Police (PJ) and the 
Justice Ministry also monitor and gather trafficking 
statistics.  Information gathering is also carried out by the 
government's High Commission for Immigration and 
Inter-Cultural Dialogue (ACIDI), the chief organization that 
coordinates assistance to trafficking victims and immigrants. 
 All of these agencies work together in a concerted effort to 
gather and produce reliable and accurate TIP statistics. 
 
¶25. (U) INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKERS: 
 
For questions A-D, posts should highlight in particular 
whether or not the country has enacted any new legislation 
since the last TIP report. 
 
-- A. Existing Laws against TIP: Does the country have a 
law or laws specifically prohibiting trafficking in 
persons -- both for sexual exploitation and labor?  If 
so, please specifically cite the name of the law(s) and 
its date of enactment and provide the exact language 
(actual copies preferable) of the TIP provisions.  Please 
provide a full inventory of trafficking laws, including 
non-criminal statutes that allow for civil penalties 
 
LISBON 00000101  006 OF 020 
 
 
against alleged trafficking crimes (e.g., civil 
forfeiture laws and laws against illegal debt). Does the 
law(s) cover both internal and transnational forms of 
trafficking?  If not, under what other laws can 
traffickers be prosecuted?  For example, are there laws 
against slavery or the exploitation of prostitution by 
means of force, fraud, or coercion?  Are these other laws 
being used in trafficking cases? 
 
Portugal has laws specifically prohibiting all forms of 
trafficking in persons.  They are covered in Article 160 of 
the revised Portuguese penal code, in effect since September 
15, 2007.  These laws cover both internal and external 
(transnational) forms of trafficking.  They broaden the 
definition of trafficking to cover both sexual and labor 
exploitation, and include tougher penalties for trafficking 
crimes.  Article 160 states the following: 
 
1 ) Whoever offers, transfers, recruits, obtains, transports, 
harbors or houses a person for the purpose of sexual or labor 
exploitation or extraction of organs: 
a) Through the use of violence, kidnapping or serious threat; 
b) Through deception or fraud; 
c) Through abuse of power resulting from a relationship of 
hierarchical, economic, work of family dependency; 
d) Taking advantage of psychological incapacity or a 
situation of special vulnerability by the victim; 
e) By obtaining the consent of the person who controls the 
victim; 
is subject to a prison sentence of 3 to 10 years. 
2 ) The same sentence is applicable to whomever, through any 
means, entices, transports, houses or harbors a minor, or 
transfers, offers or accepts the minor for the purpose of 
sexual or labor exploitation or the extraction of organs. 
3 ) In the case of paragraph 2) if the agent uses any of the 
means stipulated in paragraph 1) or acts in a professional 
capacity or with monetary intentions, he/she is subject to a 
prison sentence of 3 to 12 years. 
4 ) Whoever, through payment or other compensation, offers, 
transfers, solicits or obtains a minor, or obtains or 
provides consent for his/her adoption, is subject to a prison 
sentence of 1 to 5 years. 
5 ) Whoever, having knowledge of the practice of the crime 
stipulated in paragraphs 1) and 2), uses the services or 
organs of the victim, is subject to a prison sentence of 1 to 
5 years, if a harsher sentence is not applicable through 
other legal frameworks. 
6 ) Whoever confiscates, hides, damages or destroys 
identification or travel documents of a victim of crimes 
stipulated in paragraph 1) and 2) is subject to a prison 
sentence of up to 3 years, if a harsher sentence is not 
applicable through other legal frameworks. 
 
Furthermore, a new Immigration Law (Law 23/2007, Section V, 
Articles 109-115), in effect since July 4, 2007, includes 
automatic residency permits for immigrant victims of labor 
and sexual trafficking who agree to cooperate with 
authorities to bring traffickers to justice. 
 
There are laws against slavery (Article 159 of the penal code 
- 5 to 15 years in prison) and the exploitation of 
prostitution by means of force, fraud or coercion (Article 
 
LISBON 00000101  007 OF 020 
 
 
169 - 1 to 8 years in prison.) 
 
Traffickers may also be prosecuted under other laws, such as 
labor-related crimes.  By citing the violation of multiple 
provisions, judges may hand down longer sentences. 
On January 19, 2008, Portugal ratified the Council of Europe 
Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. 
 
-- B. Punishment of Sex Trafficking Offenses: What are 
the prescribed and imposed penalties for trafficking 
people for sexual exploitation? 
 
The penalty for traffickers of people for sexual exploitation 
is 3 to 12 years (See paragraph 25A) 
 
-- C. Punishment of Labor Trafficking Offenses: What are 
the prescribed and imposed penalties for trafficking for 
labor exploitation, such as forced or bonded labor?  If 
your country is a source country for labor migrants, do 
the government's laws provide for criminal punishment -- 
i.e. jail time -- for labor recruiters who engage in 
recruitment of workers using knowingly fraudulent or 
deceptive offers with the purpose of subjecting workers 
to trafficking in the destination country?  If your 
country is a destination for labor migrants, are there 
laws punishing employers or labor agents who confiscate 
workers' passports or travel documents for the purpose of 
trafficking, switch contracts without the worker's 
consent as a means to keep the worker in a state of 
service, or withhold payment of salaries as means of 
keeping the worker in a state of service? 
 
The penalty for traffickers of people for labor exploitation 
is 3 to 12 years (See paragraph 25A)  The new trafficking 
laws provide for criminal punishment for labor recruiters in 
labor source countries who engage in recruitment of laborers 
using knowingly fraudulent or deceptive offers that result in 
workers being trafficked in the destination country.   The 
laws punishing employers or labor agents who confiscate 
workers' passports or travel documents, switch contracts 
without the worker's consent as a means to keep the worker in 
a state of service, or withhold payment of salaries as means 
of keeping the worker in a state of service are:  Articles 
159 (slavery, up to 15 years in prison) and 160 (trafficking 
- up to 12 years in prison.) 
 
Before the revisions to the penal code went into effect, 
employers were held responsible for crimes under specific 
labor laws, outside of the penal code.  Under the revised 
penal code, 
employers are now held criminally accountable for trafficking 
crimes and slavery.(See paragraph 25E for convictions) 
 
-- D. What are the prescribed penalties for rape or 
forcible sexual assault?  (NOTE:  This is necessary to 
evaluate a foreign government's compliance with TVPA 
Minimum Standard 2, which reads: "For the knowing 
commission of any act of sex trafficking ... the 
government of the country should prescribe punishment 
commensurate with that for grave crimes, such as forcible 
sexual assault (rape)."  END NOTE) 
 
 
LISBON 00000101  008 OF 020 
 
 
The Portuguese penal code stipulates penalties of up to 10 
years imprisonment for rape or forcible sexual assault. 
 
-- E. Law Enforcement Statistics: Did the government 
prosecute any cases against human trafficking offenders 
during the reporting period?  If so, provide numbers of 
investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and sentences 
imposed, including details on plea bargains and fines, if 
relevant and available.  Please note the number of 
convicted traffickers who received suspended sentences 
and the number who received only a fine as punishment. 
Please indicate which laws were used to investigate, 
prosecute, convict, and sentence traffickers.  Also, if 
possible, please disaggregate numbers of cases by type of 
TIP (labor vs. commercial sexual exploitation) and 
victims (children under 18 years of age vs. adults).  If 
in a labor source country, did the government criminally 
prosecute labor recruiters who recruit workers using 
knowingly fraudulent or deceptive offers or by imposing 
fees or commissions for the purpose of subjecting the 
worker to debt bondage?  Did the government in a labor 
destination country criminally prosecute employers or 
labor agents who confiscate workers' passports/travel 
documents for the purpose of trafficking, switch 
contracts or terms of employment without the worker's 
consent to keep workers in a state of service, use 
physical or sexual abuse or the threat of such abuse to 
keep workers in a state of service, or withhold payment 
of salaries as a means to keep workers in a state of 
service?  What were the actual punishments imposed on 
persons convicted of these offenses?  Are the traffickers 
serving the time sentenced?  If not, why not? 
 
The Portuguese government investigated and prosecuted cases 
against human trafficking offenders during the reporting 
period.  Numbers of investigations, prosecutions, 
convictions, and sentences imposed will be made available to 
us by the Ministry of Justice within the next few weeks. 
Post will send G/TIP this data as soon as we receive it. 
 
 -- F. Does the government provide any specialized 
training for government officials in how to recognize, 
investigate, and prosecute instances of trafficking? 
Specify whether NGOs, international organizations, and/or 
the USG provide specialized training for host government 
officials. 
 
SEF officials and interns, as well as the GNR, receive 
periodic specialized training in how to recognize, 
investigate, and prosecute instances of trafficking.  Since 
2005, SEF's training of its incoming inspector class 
(approximately 300 annually) includes a specific module in 
TIP enforcement.  Since then, SEF has been using various 
documentaries, including "Lilya 4Ever", a film focusing on a 
trafficking victim, in its training classes.  Trainees are 
also prepared to handle victims of trafficking, as distinct 
from illegal immigrants and criminals. 
 
As a result of training and awareness programs, the three 
national police forces, GNR, PSP, and PJ, have collaborated 
more closely with each other and with SEF authorities in 
combating trafficking crimes.  There is increasing 
 
LISBON 00000101  009 OF 020 
 
 
coordination among these entities in targeted police checks 
and smart raids in brothels, bars, and strip clubs.  These 
raids involve extensive planning and information gathering by 
law enforcement officers working undercover and through 
informants.  Planned to ensure the safety of all involved and 
with post-rescue care arranged for trafficking victims, these 
raids free victims while minimizing harm to others. 
 
Furthermore, the activities of trafficking rings have fallen 
due to this increasingly effective police response.  As a 
result, various trafficking rings were dismantled, tried, and 
prosecuted. 
 
The ongoing court trial of a high profile case involving a 
dismantled ring accused of trafficking women for sexual 
exploitation in a chain of bars called Passarelle began on 
October 8, 2007.  The case involves 1,200 crimes, 24 suspects 
(including bar owner Vitor Trindade), 26 illegal immigrant 
women, connections to seven districts in Portugal, 252 people 
contacted by investigators, and 100 telecommunication devices 
(cell phones, computers) apprehended. 
 
--G. Does the government cooperate with other governments 
in the investigation and prosecution of trafficking 
cases?  If possible, provide the number of cooperative 
international investigations on trafficking during the 
reporting period. 
 
Yes, the government cooperates with other European 
governments and non-European countries in the investigation 
and prosecution of trafficking cases.  Portugal substantially 
improved prevention, monitoring, and trafficking control 
efforts in multilateral fora.  The government placed 
immigration liaison officers in source countries, including 
Brazil, Romania, Ukraine, Cape Verde, and Senegal.  SEF and 
the PJ have developed strong working relations with 
international TIP working groups.  They share and receive 
information through the EUROPOL organized crime database that 
the GOP co-developed with Spain, Italy, and Germany.  SEF 
also has bilateral agreements with Germany's BKA and with 
Spain's Immigration Service, and has established a direct 
working relationship with Ukrainian authorities. 
 
During the 2005 Luso-Spanish summit, Portugal and Spain 
signed a police cooperation agreement.  The agreement 
includes a goal to monitor more closely the external EU 
borders controlled by the two countries, that is, the 
southern Mediterranean flanks and the Atlantic coast and high 
seas.  It also includes the strengthening of a rapid alert 
system, already in force, and the setting up of joint police 
teams to crack down on the mafias which traffic immigrants. 
 
-- H. Does the government extradite persons who are 
charged with trafficking in other countries?  If so, 
please provide the number of traffickers extradited 
during the reporting period, and the number of 
trafficking extraditions pending. In particular, please 
report on any pending or concluded extraditions of 
trafficking offenders to the United States. 
 
We have no knowledge of any case where the government of 
Portugal extradited anyone for trafficking offenses. 
 
LISBON 00000101  010 OF 020 
 
 
Portugal is a signatory of the US-EU MLAT and Extradition 
Treaty and signed the bilateral implementing protocols with 
the United States in 2005.  The Portuguese Constitution 
prohibits the extradition of Portuguese nationals (with the 
exception of those charged with committing acts of 
terrorism), and we are not aware of any intention to change 
that provision in the case of traffickers. 
 
-- I. Is there evidence of government involvement in or 
tolerance of trafficking, on a local or institutional 
level?  If so, please explain in detail. 
 
There is no evidence of government involvement in or 
tolerance of trafficking, neither on a local or institutional 
level. 
 
-- J. If government officials are involved in 
trafficking, what steps has the government taken to end 
such participation?  Please indicate the number of 
government officials investigated and prosecuted for 
involvement in trafficking or trafficking-related 
corruption during the reporting period.  Have any been 
convicted?  What sentence(s) was imposed?  Please specify 
if officials received suspended sentences, or were given 
a fine, fired, or reassigned to another position within 
the government as punishment.  Please indicate the number 
of convicted officials that received suspended sentences 
or received only a fine as punishment. 
 
N/A 
 
-- K. Is prostitution legalized or decriminalized? 
Specifically, are the activities of the prostitute 
criminalized?  Are the activities of the brothel 
owner/operator, clients, pimps, and enforcers 
criminalized?  Are these laws enforced?  If prostitution 
is legal and regulated, what is the legal minimum age for 
this activity?  Note that in countries with federalist 
systems, prostitution laws may be under state or local 
jurisdiction and may differ among jurisdictions. 
 
Prostitution is legal.  The activities of the prostitute and 
the client are not criminalized.  However, the penal code 
criminalizes the use of services which are the object of 
exploitation when the client has knowledge that the person is 
a victim of trafficking (1-5 years in prison.)  The 
activities of the brothel owner/operator or any third person 
who derives profit from the sex trade are criminalized (3-12 
years in prison.)  The laws are enforced.  The legal minimum 
age for prostitution is 18.  September 2007 revisions to the 
penal code raised the penalty for sex with minors between the 
ages of 14 and 18 from two years to three years in prison. 
Attempting to procure sexual services from a minor is also 
punishable under the penal code. 
 
-- L. For countries that contribute troops to 
international peacekeeping efforts, please indicate 
whether the government vigorously investigated, 
prosecuted, convicted and sentenced nationals of the 
country deployed abroad as part of a peacekeeping or 
other similar mission who engaged in or facilitated 
severe forms of trafficking or who exploited victims of 
 
LISBON 00000101  011 OF 020 
 
 
such trafficking. 
 
There were no reported cases of Portuguese members of 
international peacekeeping troops involved in trafficking 
crimes. 
 
-- M. If the country has an identified problem of child 
sex tourists coming to the country, what are the 
countries of origin for sex tourists?  How many foreign 
pedophiles did the government prosecute or 
deport/extradite to their country of origin?  If your 
host country's nationals are perpetrators of child sex 
tourism, do the country's child sexual abuse laws have 
extraterritorial coverage (similar to the U.S. PROTECT 
Act) to allow the prosecution of suspected sex tourists 
for crimes committed abroad?  If so, how many of the 
country's nationals were prosecuted and/or convicted 
during the reporting period under the extraterritorial 
provision(s) for traveling to other countries to engage 
in child sex tourism? 
 
Portugal does not have an identified child sex tourism 
problem.  In October 2004 Portuguese courts began hearing 
evidence gathered over the previous year by public 
prosecutors in the high-profile "Casa Pia" case.  The trial 
includes well-known Portuguese defendants from the media and 
politicians, and has had the effect of raising the public's 
consciousness as to the evils associated with pedophilia. 
The Casa Pia trial was drawing to a close as this cable is 
being prepared.  Final rulings are expected within the next 
few months. 
 
¶26. (U) PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS: 
 
-- A.  What kind of protection is the government able 
under existing law to provide for victims and witnesses? 
Does it provide these protections in practice? 
 
Government-assisted victims are provided shelter, employment, 
education, and access to legal, medical, psychological, and 
family reunification services.  A large percentage is 
provided legalization of residency status; some are 
repatriated.  The government provides these protections in 
practice. 
 
-- B.  Does the country have victim care facilities 
(shelters or drop-in centers) which are accessible to 
trafficking victims?  Do foreign victims have the same 
access to care as domestic trafficking victims?  Where 
are child victims placed (e.g., in shelters, foster care, 
or juvenile justice detention centers)?  Does the country 
have specialized care for adults in addition to children? 
Does the country have specialized care for male victims 
as well as female?   Does the country have specialized 
facilities dedicated to helping victims of trafficking? 
Are these facilities operated by the government or by 
NGOs?  What is the funding source of these facilities? 
Please estimate the amount the government spent (in U.S. 
dollar equivalent) on these specialized facilities 
dedicated to helping trafficking victims during the 
reporting period. 
 
 
LISBON 00000101  012 OF 020 
 
 
Victims, both foreign and domestic, are referred to various 
shelters throughout the country by security forces, health 
care providers, and NGOs.  They may be housed in the 
government's safe house specifically created for victims of 
trafficking.  This shelter, opened in January 2007, is 
located in the Porto area and has a capacity of eight.  The 
Ministry of the Interior offered security training to the 
shelter's staff and provides guards to patrol the vicinity of 
the safe house. 
 
Victims may also be referred to one of the High Commission 
for Immigration and Intercultural Dialogue (ACIDI)'s national 
immigrant support centers in Lisbon and Oporto or 78 local 
centers throughout the country, which provide immigrants with 
a decentralized place where questions can be answered, 
information provided, and assistance rendered.  A large 
percentage of those assisted is provided employment and 
legalization status.  Each CLAI has various sources of 
information available to immigrants, including an SOS 
immigrant hotline, manned by a  multilingual/multiethnic 
team, a multimedia stand, and information pamphlets in three 
languages) Portuguese, English, and Russian.  ACIDI 
headquarters in Lisbon provides assistance to between 1,100 
and 1,200 immigrants, including trafficking victims, per day, 
and 200 a day in the northern city of Porto.  ACIDI 
facilities house all of these victim care services. 
 
The government also refers victims, including children of 
victims, to NGOs, such as APAV and the religious orders Irmas 
Adoradoras and Irmas Oblatas, for protection and assistance. 
APAV has one shelter in Oporto and two others, in Lisbon and 
the southern region of the Algarve.  APAV assisted eight 
trafficking victims in the first semester of 2008 (5 cases of 
forced labor and 3 cases of sexual exploitation).  The Irmas 
Adoradoras operate 6 shelters across the country that take in 
victims of all types of violence, including trafficking 
victims.  In order to maintain the quality of their services, 
these shelters are limited to a total capacity of 30, which 
includes victims and their children.  Maximum stay is 6 
months but extensions are considered on a case-by-case basis. 
 
In both the government safe-house and the NGO shelters, 
victims are allowed a 30-60 day reflection period to decide 
whether or not they will press charges against the 
traffickers.  Regardless of their decision, they have the 
right to a one-year residency permit. 
 
Under the penal code the identity of trafficking victims (and 
victims of other crimes of a sexual nature) cannot be 
revealed by the press without consent by both the victim and 
the Office of the Attorney General. 
 
-- C.  Does the government provide trafficking victims 
with access to legal, medical and psychological services? 
If so, please specify the kind of assistance provided. 
Does the government provide funding or other forms of 
support to foreign or domestic NGOs and/or international 
organizations for providing these services to trafficking 
victims?  Please explain and provide any funding amounts 
in U.S. dollar equivalent.  If assistance provided was 
in-kind, please specify exact assistance.  Please specify 
if funding for assistance comes from a federal budget or 
 
LISBON 00000101  013 OF 020 
 
 
from regional or local governments. 
 
The government provides funding and other forms of support to 
foreign and domestic NGOs for services to victims.  APAV 
receives approximately 80 percent of its funding from the 
government.  The Irmas Adoradoras receive a fixed subsidy for 
each victim assisted, including children of victims.  The 
Center for Women's Shelter and Orientation, run by Irmas 
Oblatas, receives an annual government subsidy through the 
Lisbon City Hall. 
 
-- D. Does the government assist foreign trafficking 
victims, for example, by providing temporary to permanent 
residency status, or other relief from deportation?  If 
so, please explain. 
 
Government-assisted victims are provided shelter, employment, 
education, and access to legal, medical, psychological, and 
family reunification services.  A large percentage is 
provided legalization of residency status; some are 
repatriated. 
 
-- E. Does the government provide longer-term shelter or 
housing benefits to victims or other resources to aid the 
victims in rebuilding their lives? 
 
No. 
 
-- F. Does the government have a referral process to 
transfer victims detained, arrested or placed in 
protective custody by law enforcement authorities to 
institutions that provide short- or long-term care 
(either government or NGO-run)? 
 
Victims who are detained, arrested or placed in protective 
custody by law enforcement authorities are transferred to the 
government safe house or to NGOs for short-term care. 
Increased awareness by authorities has led to substantial 
improvements, such as an increasing number of GNR and PSP 
stations with specific areas to hold and assist victims. 
 
In 2007 the Ministry of the Interior launched an online crime 
reporting system.  All forms of crimes may be reported, 
including trafficking for sexual and labor exploitation. 
Complaints may be submitted by nationals and by foreigners 
residing in Portugal or present on national 
territory.  Those submitting complaints must identify 
themselves.  Crimes reported on this website are addressed by 
the Public Security Police (PSP), the Republican National 
Guard (GNR), and the Foreigners and Borders Service (SEF). 
The site offers detailed information on trafficking crimes, 
including legislation, ways to identify trafficking victims, 
and means of assistance to victims.  The identity of the 
victim is protected. 
 
-- G. What is the total number of trafficking victims 
identified during the reporting period?  Of these, how 
many victims were referred to care facilities for 
assistance by law enforcement authorities during the 
reporting period?  By social services officials?  What is 
the number of victims assisted by government-funded 
assistance programs and those not funded by the 
 
LISBON 00000101  014 OF 020 
 
 
government during the reporting period? 
 
The Monitoring Center will send us latest statistics next 
week.  Post will send G/TIP this data as soon as we receive 
it. 
 
-- H. Do the government's law enforcement, immigration, 
and social services personnel have a formal system of 
proactively identifying victims of trafficking among 
high-risk persons with whom they come in contact (e.g., 
foreign persons arrested for prostitution or immigration 
violations)?  For countries with legalized prostitution, 
does the government have a mechanism for screening for 
trafficking victims among persons involved in the 
legal/regulated commercial sex trade? 
 
All police are required to fill out a standard detailed form 
if they suspect that a person involved in prostitution or 
immigration violation cases is a victim of trafficking, and 
to submit it to the monitoring center. (See paragraph 23A) 
 
-- I. Are the rights of victims respected?  Are 
trafficking victims detained or jailed?  If so, for how 
long?  Are victims fined?  Are victims prosecuted for 
violations of other laws, such as those governing 
immigration or prostitution? 
 
Yes, the rights of victims are respected.  Police officers 
receive training on identifying trafficking victims and are 
aware of the difference between trafficking victims and 
criminals.  Victims who are initially detained are later 
transferred to the government-managed safe house, ACIDI or 
NGOs for protection and assistance.  Victims are not fined. 
Victims are not prosecuted for violations of other laws. 
Trafficking victims are typically given a period of three 
weeks at the government-sponsored shelter, after which they 
are repatriated, with IOM support. 
 
-- J. Does the government encourage victims to assist in 
the investigation and prosecution of trafficking?  How 
many victims assisted in the investigation and 
prosecution of traffickers during the reporting period? 
May victims file civil suits or seek legal action against 
traffickers?  Does anyone impede victim access to such 
legal redress?  If a victim is a material witness in a 
court case against a former employer, is the victim 
permitted to obtain other employment or to leave the 
country pending trial proceedings?  Are there means by 
which a victim may obtain restitution? 
 
The Portuguese government, through legal services provided by 
ACIDI, encourages victims to assist in the investigation and 
prosecution of trafficking.  Victims may file civil suits and 
seek legal action against the traffickers.  There is no 
impediment to the victims' access to such legal redress 
although, in some cases, fear of retaliation by a decreasing 
number of trafficking mafias holds back victims from pressing 
charges.  If a victim is a material witness in a court case 
against the former employer, the victim is permitted to 
obtain other employment or to leave the country.  ACIDI 
operates a victim restitution program that includes 
employment services, education programs, and access to 
 
LISBON 00000101  015 OF 020 
 
 
medical, psychological, and family reunification services. 
 
-- K. Does the government provide any specialized 
training for government officials in identifying 
trafficking victims and in the provision of assistance to 
trafficked victims, including the special needs of 
trafficked children?  Does the government provide 
training on protections and assistance to its embassies 
and consulates in foreign countries that are destination 
or transit countries?   What is the number of trafficking 
victims assisted by the host country's embassies or 
consulates abroad during the reporting period?  Please 
explain the type of assistance provided (travel 
documents, referrals to assistance, payment for 
transportation home). 
 
SEF officials and interns, as well as the GNR, receive 
periodic specialized training in how to recognize, 
investigate, and prosecute instances of trafficking.  SEF's 
training of its inspector class, approximately 300 per year, 
includes a specific module in TIP enforcement.  They are also 
educated in how to handle victims of trafficking, as distinct 
from illegal immigrants and other criminals.  ACIDI staff 
also receives similar training. 
 
Under the CAIM project, the government has extended training 
to healthcare professionals to be better able to recognize 
victims of trafficking and to subsequently refer them to the 
appropriate health services and counseling. 
 
Through the placement of liaison officers in source 
countries, the government provides training to its embassy 
and consulate employees on how to protect and assist 
trafficking victims.  It urges those embassies and consulates 
to develop ongoing relationships with NGOs that serve 
trafficked victims. 
 
-- L. Does the government provide assistance, such as 
medical aid, shelter, or financial help, to its nationals 
who are repatriated as victims of trafficking? 
 
N/A (There are no reports of repatriated nationals who are 
victims of trafficking.) 
 
-- M. Which international organizations or NGOs, if any, 
work with trafficking victims?  What type of services do 
they provide?  What sort of cooperation do they receive 
from local authorities? 
 
¶1. The Portuguese Association for Victim Support (APAV); 
¶2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM); 
¶3. The Religious Order Irmas Adoradoras; 
¶4. The Religious Order Irmas Oblatas; 
¶5. O Ninho; 
¶6. CAIS - Social Solidarity Association 
 
These organizations provide protection, food, shelter, as 
well as medical and employment services. The government 
provides funding and other forms of support for services to 
victims.  For example, APAV receives approximately 80% of its 
funding from the government and Irmas Adoradoras receive a 
fixed subsidy for each victim assisted, including children of 
 
LISBON 00000101  016 OF 020 
 
 
victims. 
 
¶27. (U) PREVENTION: 
 
-- A. Did the government conduct antitrafficking 
information or education campaigns during the reporting 
period?  If so, briefly describe the campaign(s), 
including their objectives and effectiveness.  Please 
provide the number of people reached by such awareness 
efforts, if available.  Do these campaigns target 
potential trafficking victims and/or the demand for 
trafficking (e.g. clients of prostitutes or beneficiaries of 
forced labor)?  (Note: This can be an especially noteworthy 
effort where prostitution is legal.  End Note.) 
 
Yes, the government sponsored the following antitrafficking 
information and education campaigns: 
 
¶1. In June 2008, Portugal hosted the international conference 
"Trafficking in Women in the Context of Sexual Exploitation: 
Luso-Brazilian Scenario".  A panel of investigators, 
researchers and public officials from Portugal, Brazil and 
Spain discussed responses to human trafficking, experiences, 
good practices, and public policy. 
 
¶2. In October 2008, the Authority for Labor Conditions (ACT) 
promoted an awareness campaign in Santa Marta de Penaguiao, a 
town in northern Portugal, to combat the exploitation of 
Romanian immigrant farm workers.  The goal was to inform 
workers of their legal labor rights.  The national Social 
Security Institute and the Foreigners and Borders Service 
(SEF) collaborated in the event. 
 
¶3. On October 18, the European Day Against Human Trafficking, 
the government launched an anti-trafficking campaign called 
"Human Trafficking - Wake up to this Reality / Don,t Ignore 
It - Report It8.  The campaign calls for everyone,s 
collaboration in combating trafficking.  The ads show an 
image of a woman,s body inside a partially closed suitcase. 
It features the SOS Immigrant hotline, used for reporting 
trafficking cases and assisting victims.  The ad was 
published in newspapers and magazines and posted on the 
public transportation system (buses, subways) and billboards. 
 This campaign was also broadcast on public radio stations. 
 
¶4. Also in October, the government organized a public 
awareness session to present its national campaign against 
trafficking in persons.  Four State Secretaries responsible 
for trafficking issues, from the Ministries of the Interior, 
Justice, and Social Security participated in this event.  The 
session was held in Portugal,s largest bookstore and was 
open to the public. 
 
¶5. Also to commemorate the European Day against Human 
Trafficking, 200,000 brochures were distributed to health 
centers, Social Security offices, immigrant associations, and 
NGOs with the object of reaching potential victims of 
trafficking. 
 
¶6. At the beginning of the 2008-2009 school year, SEF 
launched a campaign to alert students all over the country to 
the issue of trafficking in persons.  Antitrafficking posters 
 
LISBON 00000101  017 OF 020 
 
 
titled "You are not for Sale" were put up in dozens of 
schools and a book of stories illustrated by cartoons 
depicting various forms of exploitation was distributed to 
the students. A questionnaire was also made available to 
students interested in answering questions about their 
general knowledge of and possible personal experience with 
TIP. 
 
¶7. On December 3, the government signed a cooperation 
protocol with the Inspector-General for Temporary Labor, the 
state-owned RTP television station, TSF radio station, and 
the Valentim de Carvalho media group to combat labor 
exploitation of Portuguese citizens abroad.  One of the goals 
is to launch an information campaign targeted at Portuguese 
citizens planning to work in other countries, with 
information on workers, rights and duties. 
 
¶8. State-owned RTP television broadcasts a daily program 
"Nos" ("We") on immigration, covering a wide spectrum of 
immigrant-related issues including human trafficking.  It 
aims to raise awareness and increase prevention of human 
trafficking and sexual exploitation among immigrants in 
Portugal. 
 
¶9. RTP broadcasts, on a regular basis, public service ads 
warning against trafficking.  These adds are sponsored by the 
government (ACIDI), media (Diario de Noticias daily 
newspaper, TSF radio station, LusoMundo media group), and 
NGOs (IOM and APAV). 
 
On July 19, 2007, the government appointed lawyer Vitalino 
Canas the first Inspector General for Temporary Labor.  This 
new entity is responsible for receiving, and inspecting, 
labor complaints from workers in temporary jobs.  The 
Inspector General is also responsible for proposing 
organizational regulations, informing workers of their 
rights, issuing recommendations, and promoting public 
discussions. 
 
Furthermore, Portuguese media coverage of the trial of the 
Casa Pia orphanage child-abuse case significantly elevated 
awareness of the TIP problem in Portugal and constitutes a 
compelling public awareness campaign.  Although the 
overwhelming majority of sexual crimes against minors occurs 
within the family unit and is not considered trafficking, the 
attention focused on Casa Pia has raised awareness of 
TIP-related sexual exploitation as well. 
 
-- B. Does the government monitor immigration and 
emigration patterns for evidence of trafficking?  Do law 
enforcement agencies screen for potential trafficking 
victims along borders? 
 
The Monitoring Center monitors immigration and emigration 
patterns for evidence of trafficking.  SEF officials conduct 
minimal monitoring of the long border with Spain, but this 
poses a challenge since border checks were removed after 
Portugal and Spain implemented the Schengen agreement. 
 
However, according to a government survey of deported women 
and women not allowed to leave the country, carried out in 
the Brazilian airport of Sao Paulo, Portugal tops the list of 
 
LISBON 00000101  018 OF 020 
 
 
countries that most effectively bars Brazilian women from 
entering the country.  Twenty-five percent of these women 
admitted they had planned to work as prostitutes in the 
country of destination. 
 
-- C. Is there a mechanism for coordination and 
communication between various agencies, internal, 
international, and multilateral on trafficking-related 
matters, such as a multi-agency working group or a task 
force? 
 
With the establishment of the Monitoring Center, the single 
point of contact for trafficking-related matters, there is 
now a central body for coordinating and communicating between 
the various government agencies, relevant international 
bodies, and NGOs.  This larger, more wide-ranging 
multi-agency working group assumed the responsibilities of 
the government-commissioned trafficking in persons task force 
established in January 2005 and led by the GNR. 
 
The Central Directorate for Combating Corruption, Fraud, and 
Economic and Financial Crime is the government agency 
responsible for combating all forms of corruption. 
 
-- D. Does the government have a national plan of action 
to address trafficking in persons?  If the plan was 
developed during the reporting period, which agencies 
were involved in developing it?  Were NGOs consulted in 
the process?  What steps has the government taken to 
implement the action plan? 
 
The official national plan of action to address trafficking 
in persons went into effect in June 2007.  The national plan 
is the culmination of the work carried out during two years 
by the CAIM project, in close collaboration between 
government agencies and NGOs.  The institutions involved in 
developing the national plan were: 
 
¶1. The Presidency of the Council of Ministers; 
¶2. The Commission for the Equality and Rights of Women (CIDM); 
¶3. The Ministry of the Interior; 
¶4. The Ministry of Justice; 
¶5. The High Commission for Immigration and Inter-Cultural 
Dialogue (ACIDI); 
¶6. The Association for Family Planning (AFP); 
¶7. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) 
 
CAIM regularly consults and exchanges information with the 
Foreigners and Borders Service (SEF), the three police 
entities (GNR, PJ, and PSP), and NGOs.  It has also 
established transnational partnerships with Italy, Lithuania, 
Poland, Germany, and Estonia, which include the exchange of 
trafficking information with security forces in these partner 
countries. 
 
-- E: What measures has the government taken during the 
reporting period to reduce the demand for commercial sex 
acts?   (see ref B, para. 9(3) for examples) 
 
As of September 2007, the penal code provides specific 
penalties for clients who knowingly procure the services of a 
victim of trafficking for sexual purposes (Article 160, 
 
LISBON 00000101  019 OF 020 
 
 
paragraph 5) (See paragraph 25K) 
 
-- F. Required of all Posts: What measures has the 
government taken during the reporting period to reduce 
the participation in international child sex tourism by 
nationals of the country? 
 
There is no evidence that Portugal is a source country of 
international child sex tourism.  That said, the government 
established in July 2007 the "Internet Segura" (Safe 
Internet) project (www.internetsegura.pt) aimed to increase 
awareness of and report illegal contents on the internet. 
The project, integrated in the European Program "Safer 
Internet Plus", is made up of a consortium coordinated by the 
Knowledge Society Agency (UMIC) and includes the 
Directorate-General for Innovation and Curricular Development 
Task Force of the Education Ministry, the National Scientific 
Computing Foundation (FCCN), and Microsoft Portugal.  This 
project educates and informs people on how to protect 
themselves, and their children, from the dangers of the 
internet.  Approximately 85,000 copies of an Internet Safety 
Guide oriented to the general public were distributed through 
one of the country's reference newspapers.  The project 
includes a hotline - linhaalerta.internetsegura.pt - for 
citizens to report illegal or harmful contents.  Reported 
cases undergo a preliminary screening of reported contents, 
which establishes whether the case is directed to the 
Judiciary Police or to the competent international 
authorities for investigation. 
 
-- G. Required of posts in countries that have 
contributed over 100 troops to international peacekeeping 
efforts (Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, 
Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil,  Cambodia, Cameroon, 
Canada, Chile, China, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Egypt, El 
Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji,  France, Gambia, Germany, 
Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Indonesia, 
Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Korea (South), Malawi, Malaysia, 
Mali, Mongolia, Morocco,  Nepal,  Niger, Nigeria, 
Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,  Romania, 
Russia, Rwanda, Senegal, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, 
Sri Lanka,  Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, 
Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Yemen, Zambia, and 
Zimbabwe): What measures has the government adopted to 
ensure that its nationals who are deployed abroad as part 
of a peacekeeping or other similar mission do not engage 
in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking or exploit 
victims of such trafficking?  If posts do not provide an 
answer to this question, the Department may consider 
including a statement in the country assessment to the 
effect that "An assessment regarding Country X's efforts 
to ensure that its troops deployed abroad for 
international peacekeeping missions do not engage in or 
facilitate trafficking or exploit trafficking victims was 
unavailable for this reporting period." 
 
Members of both the military and the GNR participate in 
overseas deployments.  According to the Ministry of the 
Interior, there is no specific anti-trafficking training 
targeted at military members, but it is possible that GNR 
troops have received training as described in paragraphs 25F 
and 26K of this report. 
 
LISBON 00000101  020 OF 020 
 
 
http://www.intelink.sgov.gov/wiki/portal:port ugal 
 
 
 
 
STEPHENSON