VZCZCXRO5595
RR RUEHGI RUEHRN RUEHROV
DE RUEHKM #1331/01 2620840
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 180840Z SEP 08
FM AMEMBASSY KAMPALA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0727
INFO RUEHXR/RWANDA COLLECTIVE
RUCNIAD/IGAD COLLECTIVE

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 KAMPALA 001331 
 
SENSITIVE 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958:  N/A 
TAGS: PGOV PHUM KDEM UG
SUBJECT:  RUMBLE IN MENGO: UGANDAN PRESIDENT AND BUGANDA KINGDOM 
SQUARE OFF OVER LAND BILL 
 
REF:  KAMPALA 1048 
 
¶1.  (SBU) Summary: Conflict continues between President Museveni and 
the Buganda Kingdom over historic grievances and the proposed 
amendments to the 1998 Land Act (widely referred to as the Land Bill 
amendments).  Most of the sparring has taken place in the public 
arena, where the lack of a communications strategy and subsequent 
Government missteps have resulted in growing suspicion of President 
Museveni's intentions.  The Buganda Kingdom appears to be winning in 
the court of public opinion, but the Government was able to achieve 
its primary objective of muting the Kingdom's radio station programs 
that were critical of the amendments.  The public debate over the 
Land Bill amendments is taking on increasingly political overtones 
and heightening ethnic and regional divisions.  End Summary. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
BACKGROUND: PRE-FIGHT BUILD-UP 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
¶2.  (SBU) The Government of Uganda (GOU) proposed amendments to the 
1998 Land Act in October 2007, but failed to carry out public 
consultations prior to or immediately after the announcement. 
Commissioner for Lands, Sarah Kulata, told Emboffs that the GOU was 
preoccupied with preparations for the Commonwealth Heads of 
Government Meeting (CHOGM) in late November, 2007, and that no funds 
were available for the consultations.  Kulata blamed the lack of 
consultations and lack of a public relations campaign for the 
immediate negative media coverage and public backlash against the 
amendments. 
 
¶3.  (U) After CHOGM, President Museveni went on the offensive, 
explaining that the Land Bill amendments were needed for Uganda to 
transform from a developing country to an industrialized nation.  He 
argued that the amendments would protect most Ugandans, who are 
tenants, from eviction.  In December, 2007, Museveni promised to 
initiate dialogue with all stakeholders to reach a consensus on the 
way forward.  He also stated that he might exercise the option of a 
referendum, if he found it necessary to circumvent land reform 
opponents or Parliament.  The draft bill is in committee and debate 
on the floor of Parliament has yet to take place.  In the meantime, 
public discourse on the land amendments has taken on ethnic and 
regional overtones. 
 
¶4.  (U) The Acholi Parliamentary Group, representing the ethnic 
Acholi districts of Gulu, Kitgum, Amuru, and Pader in northern 
Uganda, was openly critical of the amendments and accused the 
Government of planning a land grab in the north.  Groups in eastern 
Uganda quickly joined the Acholi in opposition to the bill.  Both 
areas have large anti-government constituencies where accusations of 
ethnic and regional marginalization resonate.  Northern and eastern 
groups agreed to join together to fight the land amendments.  (Note: 
The majority of opposition parliamentarians hail from the north and 
east.  End Note.) The Buganda Kingdom, located in the Central Region 
around Kampala and representing the country's largest ethnic group, 
was less outspoken at first, but no less opposed to the amendments, 
and has become a significant opposing force due to its location, 
large number of loyal followers, and strained relationship with 
President Museveni's southwestern-dominated government.  The Baganda 
position that the Land Bill amendments amount to a Government land 
grab strengthened the chorus of opposition coming from the north and 
east. 
 
¶5.  (SBU) Buganda Kingdom officials insist there is a "systematic" 
effort by the Government to avoid the return of all land confiscated 
in 1967.  Moreover, they claim that the Government is trying to 
create a situation where Baganda landowners lose their ownership to 
bona fide occupants, lawful tenants and peasants.  The Baganda 
accuse the Government of urging pastoralists to squat on land in the 
Central Region so that it can later be purchased by Museveni, his 
family members, and others connected to the President.  The Baganda 
also suspect that the land amendments are aimed at protecting the 
minority ethnic Bahiima and Tutsi tribes, who settled on the land 
after 1986.  (Note: Museveni is a Bahiima and many of the Government 
officials who hail from the southwest have ties to Tutsi groups that 
originated in Rwanda.  End Note.) 
 
¶6.  (U) Museveni restored the Buganda Kingdom and other kingdoms 
(Ankole, Bunyaro, Tooro, and the Acholi paramount chief) through the 
Traditional Rulers (Restitution of Assets and Properties) Act 1993. 
The Act provided for the return of all properties belonging to 
kingdoms in Uganda.  A condition for the restoration of the kingdoms 
was that they do not engage in politics.  Since 1993, the Buganda 
Kingdom has been negotiating with the central government for the 
return of its properties.  Only 350 square miles of land has been 
returned, which the kingdom claims is a small portion of all the 
property confiscated.  The Buganda Kingdom demands the return of 
10,660 square miles of forest, wetlands, county and sub-county 
headquarters in central Uganda.  The Baganda claim that safeguarding 
their land will preserve the foundation of their cultural identity. 
 
KAMPALA 00001331  002 OF 003 
 
 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
MUSEVENI VERSUS THE KABAKA: ROUND ONE 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
¶7.  (SBU) Tensions between President Museveni and Robert Mutebi, the 
Buganda Kingdom's leader who is referred to as the Kabaka, spilled 
into the public domain in December 2007 in a heated exchange of 
publicized letters over the proposed land amendments.  On December 
18, President Museveni wrote to Mutebi warning him to restrain 
members of the Central Civic Education Committee (CCEC), the body 
spearheading the Buganda Kingdom's campaign against the land 
amendments.  Museveni accused the group of using the media to spread 
lies about the amendments.  He complained that the Buganda Kingdom 
was using the land debate to aid the opposition and undermine the 
Government's relationship with Baganda peasants.  Museveni reminded 
Mutebi of his constitutional duty to remain non-political. 
Museveni's letter, published in the Government-owned New Vision, was 
widely perceived as rude and disrespectful.  The President also 
misjudged the level of distrust of Government intentions among the 
general population.  Round One thus went to the Kabaka, Robert 
Mutebi. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
ROUND TWO: KABAKA REBUFFS MUSEVENI 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
¶8.  (U) Mutebi denied Museveni's accusations that the Buganda 
Kingdom was involved in partisan politics because it raised concerns 
about the land amendments.  Mutebi's response to Museveni, dated 
December 29, 2007, explained the activities of the CCEC, which was 
mandated to conduct public consultations on the Land Bill 
amendments.  Mutebi asked the Government to return unconditionally 
Kingdom properties that had been seized by previous regimes.  This 
includes 10,660 square miles of forest, wetlands, county, and 
sub-county headquarters in central Uganda.  Mutebi stated that the 
properties must be vested in the Kingdom to hold in trust for the 
people of Buganda in accordance with the 1995 Constitution. 
 
¶9.  (SBU) Mutebi argued that the issue of unlawful and violent 
evictions should be tackled through unbiased enforcement of the 
existing laws (such as the 1998 Land Act) to ensure security of 
tenure, property rights and corruption laws.  He proposed that the 
government should put in place a transparent national dialogue 
mechanism within which communities that aspire to "federo" 
(federalism) may negotiate and agree on establishing a federal 
system of governance.  Mutebi urged Museveni to suspend other 
government attempts to weaken the Buganda Kingdom, including a local 
government bill that put the administration of Kampala and a 
newly-created Mengo Municipality under central government control. 
(Note: Mengo refers to the seat of the Buganda Kingdom.  End Note.) 
The Kabaka was viewed as rising above Museveni's disrespectful 
rebuke and upping the ante by raising historic grievances.  Round 
Two goes to the Kabaka, Robert Mutebi. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
ROUND THREE: KINGDOM OFFICIALS ARRESTED 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
¶10.  (SBU) In July, Museveni ordered the arrest of three Buganda 
Kingdom officials (Minister of Information Charles Peter Mayiga, 
Minister of State for Information Medard Lubega, and Central 
Broadcasting Service (CBS) radio commentator Betty Nambooze) on 
dubious charges (reftel).  The move was supposed to quiet the 
Kingdom's anti-land bill campaign.  Instead, the Government's 
heavy-handed attempt to negotiate conditions for the officials 
release with the Kingdom's Prime Minister John Walusimbi backfired 
on Museveni.  First, Walusimbi could not persuade Mengo hardliners 
or the Kabaka to accept the Government's position that the officials 
were engaged in terrorist activities, nor could he convince Mutebi 
to call Museveni.  Second, most Ugandans faulted the Government for 
its failure to charge the officials within 48 hours, its release and 
re-charging of the officials outside Kampala, and the poor treatment 
the officials received in custody.  Negative public perception, 
growing tensions within Kampala, international attention, and 
emerging divisions with the ruling party forced the Government to 
bring the officials to court and release them on bail 
unconditionally.  Round Three goes to the Kabaka, Robert Mutebi. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
GOVERNMENT IMPOSES CONDITIONS: ROUND FOUR 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
¶11.  (SBU) Photographs of Walusimbi shaking hands with Museveni 
after a meeting at State House on July 31 hide a behind-the-scenes 
power play, including the GOU's insistence that CBS radio be muted 
or shut down.  Walusimbi and Museveni reportedly agreed to create a 
commission to explore the Buganda Kingdom's immediate and historic 
concerns before the Kabaka would agree to meet with Museveni.  In 
 
KAMPALA 00001331  003 OF 003 
 
 
return, Walusimbi summoned CBS radio's management and radio 
presenters and requested that they stop all attacks on the 
Government and President Museveni.  On August 13, CBS management 
informed Betty Nambooze that her shows would be suspended 
indefinitely and she was paid to take a hiatus.  She was warned not 
to participate on programs on independent radio stations.  The 
Kabaka reportedly is exploring the implications of a meeting with 
Museveni.  Round Four goes to President Museveni. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
COMMENT: IMPLICATIONS OF CONTINUED SPARRING 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
¶12.  (SBU) We do not expect the tensions between Museveni and the 
Buganda Kingdom to subside without significant attention to the 
ethnic Baganda's historic grievances.  The continuing struggle, 
however, has serious political implications: 
 
--Growing Ethnic and Regional Tensions:  The war of words over land 
could quickly degenerate into more serious conflicts, including 
street violence, in the short term.  Political discourse in Uganda 
is increasingly taking on ethnic and regional overtones in reaction 
to Government actions and missteps.  Over the longer term, it is 
deepening rifts between Museveni's southwestern base, which 
dominates the Government despite being a minority in number, and the 
Central Region, whose acquiescence, historically, has been required 
for ruling governments to retain power. 
 
--Ruling Party Divisions: Frustrated, Museveni ordered the National 
Resistance Movement (NRM) caucus to pass the Land Bill amendments on 
August 1.  He allowed no debate of the issue, which further angered 
Baganda members and encouraged a group of young turks to also take 
up the cause.  If the President cannot persuade or coerce his party 
into voting the amendments into law, he may resort to a costly 
public referendum.  Growing parliamentary opposition to Museveni's 
tactics could compromise his attempts to amend the Constitution in 
the run-up to the 2011 elections. 
 
--Public Fears of Government Land-Grab:  Museveni's stand-off with 
the Buganda Kingdom exacerbates public suspicions about the 
government's rush to table the Land Bill amendments without carrying 
out wide consultations and broad discussions.  There is a segment of 
the public opposed to the Land Bill amendments that support a 
referendum.  They believe that the ruling party parliamentarians 
will cave in to Museveni for short-term political gain rather 
protect the long-term public interest in land reform that is 
unbiased, protects the poor, and promotes development. 
 
--Continued Media Crackdown:  CBS radio has borne the brunt of 
Museveni's frustration with his Government's inability to convince 
the public to support the land amendments.  Other media houses tell 
us that they are exercising self-censorship in reporting on the land 
issue, but will report on related events, such as government actions 
against land reform opponents.  End Comment. 
BROWNING