VZCZCXYZ0000
OO RUEHWEB

DE RUEHKH #0936/01 1761212
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O 241212Z JUN 08 ZDK
FM AMEMBASSY KHARTOUM
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 1143
INFO RUEHDS/AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA 0237
RUEHKM/AMEMBASSY KAMPALA 0106
RUEHLO/AMEMBASSY LONDON 0077
RUEHNR/AMEMBASSY NAIROBI 3398
RUEHNY/AMEMBASSY OSLO 0027
RUEHOT/AMEMBASSY OTTAWA
RUEHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS 0077
RUEHTC/AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE 0040
RUEHBS/USEU BRUSSELS 0079
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0245

UNCLAS KHARTOUM 000936 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR AF A/S FRAZER, SE WILLIAMSON, AF/SPG 
NSC FOR HUDSON AND PITTMAN 
DEPT PLS PASS USAID FOR AFR/SUDAN 
ADDIS ABABA ALSO FOR USAU 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KPKO PGOV PREL EAID SOCI UNSC AU SU
SUBJECT: EMBASSY KHARTOUM RESPONSE ON ABYEI NEXT STEPS 
 
REF: STATE 66284 
 
¶1.  (U) This message responds to reftel request for post views on 
next steps to support implementation of the Abyei Roadmap. 
Responses are keyed to the questions posed in para. 12 of reftel. 
 
Provision of U.S. Legal Advisor 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
¶2.  (SBU) Post strongly supports the provision of a USG legal 
advisor to assist in developing Terms of Reference (TOR) and for 
other issues related to Abyei boundary arbitration.  By sending a 
lawyer to assist the parties as necessary, the State Department 
shows that the US is committed to assisting the parties on this 
issue.  The SPLM especially would appreciate the legal advice, and 
meetings with both parties should help continue momentum and build 
confidence. This individual should coordinate closely with similar 
experts offered by the Netherlands and UK. 
 
Increased Military Support 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
¶3. (SBU) The Joint Integrated Units (JIUs) are woefully short in 
just about every category necessary for them to become fully 
operational.  The GoS is funding only 40% of the JIU's budget, 
enough to pay salaries and little else.  The JIUs lack the most 
basic infrastructure and equipment.  For example, many JIUs are 
forced to draw water from public wells in neighboring villages, a 
situation that in the past has led to violent clashes between JIU 
soldiers and civilians.  JIUs also lack adequate housing, transport, 
and communications equipment, among other things.  Until these basic 
needs are addressed, the JIUs are unable even to begin to address 
their envisioned mission. 
 
¶4. (SBU) The GOS should be pushed to more fully support the JIUs. 
In addition, UNMIS created the "JIU support cell" to seek support 
from donors with material for the JIUs.  The JIU support cell has 
been inactive recently, and should be revitalized.  The US should be 
creative and identify some areas of tangible support despite our 
sanctions, otherwise we cannot credibly provide leadership in this 
area.  Other donors can be encouraged to provide additional support 
and it would be worth following up with capitals (London and The 
Hague have been particularly forward leaning) to check on what 
support was actually provided to the JIUs. 
 
UNMIS Mandate Review 
- - - - - - - - - - - 
¶5.  (SBU) In a meeting with emboffs on June 22, UNMIS Force 
Commander General Thapa described the UNMIS mandate as "protection 
of civilians without jeopardizing the authority of the GoS," in 
accordance with the authorizing UNSCR and the CPA.  This mandate 
does not include protection of property, according to Thapa.  Thapa 
told emboffs that, following the fighting in Abyei, UNMIS offered to 
assist the SAF in stopping looting and vandalism, but was told that 
the SAF already was taking action and did not require assistance. 
Thus, UNMIS appears to have felt itself constrained from intervening 
in the Abyei situation both by the perceived lack of authority to 
protect property and by the prohibition against undermining GoS 
authority. 
 
¶6.  (SBU) UNMIS lack of assertiveness likely stems as much or more 
from the risk aversion of the Troop Contributing Countries, as 
discussed below, as from any lack of formal authority to act. 
Although it is unrealistic to expect UNMIS to intervene directly 
when the SAF and SPLA are facing off with tanks and heavy artillery, 
UNMIS could more clearly define its current rules of engagement, 
which allow it to fulfill its mandate to protect civilians; UNMIS 
should communicate clearly to its forces the expectations for how 
and when to intervene.  UNMIS could also better use its existing 
mandate by increasing the tempo of its patrols in an around Abyei 
town.  In addition, UNMIS could make better use of its existing 
police mandate to add civilian police and police trainers, which 
would help to better protect civilians and keep a closer eye on 
events in Abyei. 
 
Evaluation of Current UNMIS Military Leadership 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
¶7.  (SBU) Newly-arrived UNMIS Force Commander Thapa has been on the 
job for only about one month, was immediately thrust into a major 
crisis in Abyei, and still is very much getting a grasp of his 
command.  UNMIS Chief of Staff, Col. Jeremy Drage (UK), also is 
brand new.  Although some have compared General Thapa unfavorably to 
his charismatic predecessor, General Lidder, we think it is far too 
early to tell how he will perform once he has become fully 
acclimated to his assignment and had an opportunity to establish his 
authority.  Although more subdued than Lidder, he so far has showed 
admirable energy in trying to deal with the Abyei emergency. 
 
¶8.  (SBU) A more deeply rooted, structural problem (by no means 
unique to UNMIS) is the FC's limited ability to assert his command 
authority over the component sector commanders in the field and 
direct their operations.  The five sector commanders (each of a 
different nationality) are naturally more responsive to the guidance 
they receive from their capitals than to the FC's instructions. 
Even the dynamic General Lidder had difficulty motivating his sector 
commanders to be more proactive.  The actions of the sector 
commanders will be governed/constrained more by the priorities set 
by their home governments, which have been in the past and are 
likely to remain risk averse. This UN peacekeeper mentality is not 
unique to Sudan. 
 
Support to Abyei 
- - - - - - - - - 
¶9.  (SBU) It remains to be seen whether the two parties have the 
will to implement the June 8 agreement. Although the JIUs have 
deployed, their effectiveness is yet to be determined. Already, 
announcement of the interim administration has been delayed, raising 
questions as to whether the two parties will be able to overcome 
their previous differences and implement the Roadmap.  In the short 
term, continued humanitarian assistance to the IDPs is critical. 
Rapidly putting in place the JIUs, integrated police, and interim 
administration are the primary requirements to successfully 
implement the Roadmap; therefore support to moveg>Stted 
through local leaders on both sides. There is a need to keep 
aggrieved Misseriya busy with some development projects and at least 
the appearance of evenhandedness. 
 
¶10.  (SBU) If the Roadmap is implemented, the interim administration 
will have access to significant oil revenues.  Therefore, support 
for the interim administration's technical capacity to assure that 
resources are used efficiently, transparently, and accountably will 
be more useful than direct infrastructure support.  In this regard, 
the Ngok Dinka and Misseriya communities will also soon start 
receiving their 2% of the oil revenues, and it is not yet clear who 
will receive, manage, and allocate these funds for projects.  There 
are likely to be significant capacity issues in this regard, and the 
USG could assist these communities in the same way that it is 
assisting the GOSS with financial and administrative capacity.  If 
the agreement is not implemented, the risk of a return to conflict 
is high and money spent on infrastructure support could have been 
wasted. At the same time, some early tangible deliverables from the 
international community can help calm tensions and lower the 
rhetoric between two polarized communities while the mechanism for 
sharing oil revenues and the mechanics of arbitration are worked 
out. 
 
FERNANDEZ