VZCZCXRO3381
RR RUEHCHI RUEHCN RUEHDT RUEHHM
DE RUEHJA #1243/01 1780158
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 260158Z JUN 08
FM AMEMBASSY JAKARTA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 9388
INFO RUEHZS/ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS
RUEHBY/AMEMBASSY CANBERRA 2683
RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 5160
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 2142
RUEHUL/AMEMBASSY SEOUL 4690
RUEHTC/AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE 3408
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
RUEHRC/USDA FAS WASHDC
RUEAUSA/DEPT OF HHS WASHINGTON DC

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 JAKARTA 001243 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR EAP/MTS, OES/ETC, OES/STC, OES/SAT, OES/PCI 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: SENV TPHY TBIO TRGY ENRG ID
SUBJECT: INDONESIA ESTH HIGHLIGHTS: MAY 2008 
 
IN THIS ISSUE 
------------- 
 
-- Government Phasing out Large-Scale AC Units 
-- Papua Signs USD30 Million Forest Carbon Deal 
-- Reclamation for an Integrated New City in Tangerang 
-- Oil Palm Threatens Sentarum Lake National Park 
-- Orangutans Close to Extinction 
-- Rare Javan Rhino Caught on Video 
-- Sumatran Tiger Population Critical 
-- Legal Reform Initiative Seeks to Protect Habitat for Orangutans 
-- Mangrove Planting in Surabaya 
-- Lax Enforcement and High Waste Treatment Costs Blamed for 
Continued Dumping 
-- Mushroom Farmers Switch from Kerosene to Firewood 
-- BPPT Developing Open Source Software 
-- Nuclear Technology in High School Curriculum 
-- Tackling HIV Infection Rates Among Surabaya's Children 
-- No Blood Transfusion Facilities in Half of Country 
 
ENVIRONMENT: 
 
Government Phasing out Large-Scale AC Units 
------------------------------------------- 
¶1.  According to Tri Widayati, Director of Ozone Protection of the 
State Ministry of Environment (MOE), most operators of 
industrial-size chilling/air-conditioning units will have replaced 
those units with new ones that use environmentally friendly Freon, 
such as hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) 123 and hydrofluorocarbon 
(HFC) 134, by the end of June 2008.  The MOE says that only 400 
large-scale AC units remain in operation.  The Government of 
Indonesia (GOI) banned the further importation of chlorofluorocarbon 
(CFC) 11 and CFC 12 after January 1, 2008 to meet its obligations 
under the Montreal Protocol.  This will lead to a gradual phase-out 
of older AC units.  The MOE is helping to provide soft loans to 
companies to finance the replacement of older units.  The Ministry 
is also working with voluntary associations to disseminate 
information to the public about the transition process. 
 
Papua Signs USD30 Million Forest Carbon Deal 
-------------------------------------------- 
¶2.  Papua has signed a carbon deal worth up to USD 30 million for 
100,000 hectares of forestland.  On May 13, Governor of Papua 
Barnabas Suebu signed a Memorandum of Understanding with New Forests 
Asset Management (NFAM) Pty Ltd.  During the following two months, 
NFAM and the Papua Provincial Government will do a preliminary 
survey to identify three locations for this carbon project.  At the 
end of 2008, Papua will receive USD 10 million of guaranteed revenue 
for the first five years and receive dividends totaling up to USD 20 
million over the same period.  NFAM is collaborating with Generation 
Investment Management, owned by former U.S. Vice President Al Gore. 
 
 
Tangerang Plans New Integrated City on Reclaimed Land 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
¶3.  On May 15, Head of Tangerang Land Use Office Didin Samsudin 
confirmed that Tangerang Regency would reclaim 9,000 hectares of its 
northern coastal areas for a planned new "integrated" city.  The 
Tangerang Regent has already issued Local Regulation (Perda) No. 8 
of 2007 on Reclamation.  This new development will contain hotels, a 
marina, a business center, residential areas, and an integrated 
container terminal and port.  The new city will cover approximately 
8,000 hectares and cost Rp. 20 trillion or USD 1.3 billion. 
Tangerang is about 21 km from Jakarta. 
 
Oil Palm Threatens Sentarum Lake National Park 
--------------------------------------------- - 
¶4.  Budi Suriansyah, the Head of Danau Sentarum National Park, says 
that the palm oil plantation in the Kapuas Hulu region of West 
Kalimantan threaten the 132,000-hectare park's ecosystem, which is 
dependent on Betung Kerihun National Park.  The development of palm 
oil plantations as well as illegal logging is causing water 
pollution, and local fishers are finding it increasingly difficult 
to find local endemic fish such as jelawat and arwana.  There are 11 
palm oil plantation companies and 9 subsidiaries of PT Sinar Mas, 
operating on 160 thousand hectares in areas bordering Betung Kerihun 
National Park. 
 
Orangutans Close to Extinction 
------------------------------ 
¶5.  On May 8, the Executive Director of the Center for Orangutan 
Protection (COP) stated that, based on a COP study in Central 
 
JAKARTA 00001243  002 OF 004 
 
 
Kalimantan, orangutans will disappear from the region within 2-3 
years.  The investigation found 242 palm oil plantations with 
activities that having an impact on orangutans and their habitat. 
According to COP, these companies include members of the Roundtable 
on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), such as Wilmar, IOI and Agro Group. 
In 2004, a Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) 
reported that there were 58,575 orangutans left in Borneo, with an 
annual decrease in population of 9 percent leading to extinction by 
¶2015.  Darori, Director General for Forest Protection and Nature 
Conservation, is skeptical of the investigation's projections, and 
emphasizes that the government will not allow the conversion of 
natural forest to other purposes such as palm oil cultivation. 
 
Rare Javan Rhino Caught on Video 
-------------------------------- 
¶6. At the end of May, a video recorder installed by Ujung Kulon 
National Park and the World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia 
(WWF-Indonesia) caught footage of the extremely rare Javan 
Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus).  Speaking about the incident on 
May 29, Agus Priambudi, Head of Ujung Kulon National Park, said the 
recording would help researchers and conservationists learn more 
about the Javan rhino's behavior, as well as assist efforts to 
reduce threats to the remaining population.  The Java rhino is the 
rarest among five rhino species in the world.  There are only an 
estimated 50-60 Java rhinos in Ujung Kulon National Park.  The Java 
rhino is on the International Union for Nature Conservation's "Red 
List" of endangered species. 
 
Sumatran Tiger Population Critical 
---------------------------------- 
¶7.  On May 25, the Coalition for Protected Animal Monitoring stated 
that there were approximately 250 Sumatran tigers (panthera tigris 
Sumatrae) left in the wild.  The decrease in this species' 
population is due to hunting, conflict with humans, and illegal 
logging and land clearing leading to the fragmentation of its 
habitat.  Poachers hunt the animal for its skin, bones, fang/tooth 
and claws.  Tiger skins sell for approximately 3-5 million Rupiah 
(USD 322-537) apiece in local markets and up to USD 3,300 in 
international markets.  Although Law No. 5 of 1990 on Natural 
Resources Conservation and Ecosystem protects this species, 
enforcement of the law is weak. 
 
Legal Reform Initiative Seeks to Protect Habitat for Orangutans 
---------------------------------------- 
¶8.  The Orangutan Conservation Services Program (OCSP) and Wildlife 
Conservation Society (WCS) launched a media campaign in late May, to 
commemorate World Environment Day, in order to draw attention to the 
urgency of legal protection for orangutan habitat and to support 
survival of orangutans in the wild.  WCS is spearheading a policy 
reform effort that seeks to protect habitat of endangered species 
from conversion to non-forest land uses.  In Indonesia today, it is 
illegal to kill an orangutan but it is still legal to convert the 
little remaining orangutan habitat to non-forest uses.  Habitat 
conversion effectively eliminates whole populations of orangutans 
and other critically endangered species as their habitat becomes 
fragmented and deforested. 
 
Mangrove Planting in Surabaya 
----------------------------- 
¶9.  On May 11, people from various organizations planted 8,000 
mangroves along the seashore at Wonorejo in eastern Surabaya. 
Wonorejo is poised to become a center for mangrove research, 
cultivation, and tourism.  The Surabaya city government is actively 
restoring mangrove forests in eastern Surabaya.  Illegal logging has 
destroyed at least 40 percent of a total 6,000 hectares of mangrove 
forest near Wonorejo.  According to the head of Wonorejo Mangrove 
Farming Association, various groups in eastern Surabaya have planted 
at least 25,000 more mangrove trees this year than last year. 
Unfortunately, last year's mangroves were poorly protected.  For 
example, 4,000 mangroves planted in the Kenjeran beach area in 
January had died by the end of May, due to high ocean waves and poor 
treatment. 
 
Lax Enforcement and High Waste Treatment Costs Blamed for Continued 
Dumping 
------------------------------------ 
¶10.  At least 16 companies in East Java have disposed of industrial 
waste in the Brantas River through underground pipelines or during 
the heavy rainy season through open ditches.  The companies have 
waste treatment facilities but prefer to cut costs by dumping 
untreated waste, according to Purnawan, a lecturer at Brawijaya 
University and a member of East Java Walhi, an environmental NGO. 
 
JAKARTA 00001243  003 OF 004 
 
 
The phenol content of industrial waste these companies are dumping 
in the Brantas is dangerously high, according to Purnawan.  Just 
three hours south of Surabaya in Malang, waste from paper and 
cassava-processing plants has reportedly resulted in serious 
pollution and a major fish kill in the lake behind the Sutami Dam. 
Local media report that Malang's city government is reluctant to 
take action as paper factories are a major contributor to regional 
revenue. 
 
Mushroom Farmers Switch from Kerosene to Firewood 
--------------------------------------------- ---- 
¶11.  Mushroom farmers in Karawang, West Java, are switching from 
kerosene to firewood because of the high cost and scarcity of 
kerosene.  Mushroom farmers use fuel to boil water and use the 
evaporated water to regulate the level of humidity required for 
mushroom growth.  Kerosene's retail cost has increased from 2,310 
Rupiah (USD 0.25) to between 2,500-3,000 Rupiah (USD 0.27-0.32), 
making the price of firewood relatively cheaper.  During a planting 
period of one month, the farmers require on average 80-120 liters of 
kerosene or three cubic meters of firewood.  With the current 
kerosene price, the farmers' production costs are between 
200,000-300,000 Rupiah, but only 150,000 Rupiah if using firewood. 
Besides the shift by many farmers to firewood, others have closed 
down their mushroom production houses altogether. 
 
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: 
 
BPPT Developing Open Source Software 
------------------------------------ 
¶12.  The Head of the Information and Computer Systems Division of 
Indonesia's Agency for Technology Research and Application (BPPT) 
announced that BPPT is developing several computer applications 
using Free Open Source Software (FOSS) in order to reduce dependence 
on proprietary systems.  Applications currently in development 
include e-office (Kantaya), e-learning (Kutahu), and Local 
Management Information System (Simda) software.  BPPT is assisting 
several local governments (Jembrana, Pekalongan, Banyuwangi, Kuala 
Kapuas and Sawah Lunto) to implement FOSS-based applications.  By 
2014, BPPT plans to develop FOSS-based applications for computer 
driver and kernel technologies, mining data programs, Indonesian 
language processing, simulation and computerization. 
 
Nuclear Education in High School Curriculum 
------------------------------------------- 
¶13.  On May 2, Dr. Taswanda Taryo, Deputy Chairman for R&D 
Productivity and Public Acceptance of Nuclear Science and 
Technology, BATAN (National Nuclear Energy Agency), announced plans 
for a program to include education on nuclear technology in school 
curricula, especially high schools.  Eko Madi, Head of the 
Subdivision for Nuclear Energy Science and Technology Dissemination, 
BATAN, explained that BATAN and the Ministry of Education would 
establish an expert team to begin drafting physics, chemistry, and 
biology curricula on nuclear technology.  In addition, BATAN is 
conducting outreach to educate teachers, students, and NGOs about 
nuclear technology.  BATAN will also establish three Centers for 
Nuclear Education and Information, including one in Jepara (Central 
Java), which is close to Muria Bay, the location for a proposed 
nuclear plant. 
 
HEALTH: 
 
Tackling HIV Infection Rates Among Surabaya's Children 
--------------------------------------------- --------- 
¶14.  The Surabaya City Health Department announced that 37 babies in 
Surabaya contracted HIV/AIDS between January and March 2008.  At a 
workshop on HIV/AIDS, Surabaya's Vice Mayor, Arief Afandi, confirmed 
that HIV/AIDS cases are spreading in all 31 districts in Surabaya. 
The Surabaya City government will take a new approach to the problem 
by training students to be HIV/AIDS cadre who will provide 
information and training to their peers.  The Surabaya City 
government will also involve more children and students in future 
HIV/AIDS workshops.  So far, it has selected 10 junior high schools 
and 10 senior high/vocational schools in Surabaya as HIV/AIDS test 
sites for this campaign. 
 
No Blood Transfusion Facilities in Half of Country 
--------------------------------------------- ---- 
¶15.  During a public hearing before the Jakarta regional parliament 
on May 12, Dr. Ratna Rosita, Director of Basic Medical Services and 
Nutrition of the Ministry of Health, stated that Indonesia lacks 
Blood Transfusion Units (UTDs) in 226 regions.  Ministry of Health 
statistics (2006) show that only 231 of 457 regencies/cities in 
 
JAKARTA 00001243  004 OF 004 
 
 
Indonesia have UTDs, including those operated by the Indonesian Red 
Cross (PMI), provincial governments and hospitals.  PMI's Chairman 
Mari'e Muhammad and Adang Dorodjatun, Chairman of Indonesia Blood 
Donors, also attended the public hearing.  PMI currently has 212 
UTDs, of which 24 percent are located within hospitals and 76 
percent outside of hospitals. 
 
HUME