VZCZCXRO1378
PP RUEHGR
DE RUEHWN #0163/01 0711228
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 111228Z MAR 08
FM AMEMBASSY BRIDGETOWN
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6217
INFO RUCNCOM/EC CARICOM COLLECTIVE
RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC
RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHDC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
RHMFIUU/DEPT OF HOMELAND SECURITY WASHINGTON DC

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 07 BRIDGETOWN 000163 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, AND WHA/CAR 
STATE PASS TO USAID/LAC/CAR-RILEY 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KCRM ELAB KFRD ASEC KWMN PHUM PREF SMIG BB XL
SUBJECT: TIP SUBMISSION - BARBADOS 
 
REF:  STATE 2731 
 
¶1. (U) Below are Post's responses to questions regarding Barbados 
for the annual Trafficking in Persons Report. 
 
------------------ 
Para 27 - Overview 
------------------ 
 
¶2.  (SBU) 
 
¶A.  Is the country a country of origin, transit, or destination for 
internationally trafficked men, women, or children? 
 
Evidence suggests that Barbados is a destination for trafficking, 
and may be a source and transit country for trafficking as well. 
According to the Government of Barbados, illegal migrants can be 
vulnerable to human trafficking.  The country has a number of strip 
clubs and brothels, many of which are staffed by women from the 
Dominican Republic and other Caribbean islands.  In Bridgetown's red 
light district, illegal migrants can be vulnerable to human 
trafficking 
 
¶B.  Please provide a general overview of the trafficking situation 
in the country and any changes since the last TIP Report (e.g. 
changes in direction). 
 
A new government came into power in mid-January, 2008, replacing a 
government administration that was in power for more than 13 years, 
and thus inheriting a trafficking problem that the previous 
government-and current permanent civil service has been slow to 
address.  Orienting the new government on the issue and formulating 
a new anti-TIP policy will take some time. 
 
There was one report of a successful breakup of a human trafficking 
ring in the Caribbean, which included Barbados.  In March, Regional 
Security Service (RSS) forces dismantled a human trafficking ring 
destined for Barbados, which involved victims of human trafficking 
as young as 13 and 14 years old. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police 
senior liaison officer for the region confirmed that the principal 
organizers of the ring were from Barbados and Guyana while the 
number of the girls originated from China and Russia, as well as 
from throughout the region. Some of the girls were stopped by law 
enforcement agencies at border points and were immediately 
deported. 
 
The Barbados Government promised to conduct a survey on the 
incidence of Human Trafficking in Barbados during the fiscal year 
2008-2009. 
 
In the case of the 14 Indian workers who were trafficked to Barbados 
at the end of 2005, Surendra Babu was charged as arepresentative of 
the construction Larsen and Toubro for employing 14 people from 
October 3 to November 9, 2005, who were not citizens, permanent 
residents or immigrants.  In addition, no work permits had been 
granted for engagement or employment at Kensington Oval (a cricket 
stadium). The case was successfully prosecuted and the company was 
fined $1,000 (BDS$2,000).  The Director of Public Prosecutions tried 
to levy heavier punishment, but his case was weakened by the fact 
that the company sent the workers home before they could assist with 
the investigation.  (Note:  Larsen and Toubro were awarded the 
general contract for the Kensington Redevelopment Project and 
granted permission to bring in Indian labor.  Cricket World Cup 
(CWC) 2007 ran from March 11 to April 28, 2007.  End Note.) 
 
The December 8, 2006, edition of the Barbados daily "The Nation" 
reported that Barbadian racecar driver Geoffrey Ullyett was accused 
of living off the proceeds of prostitution.  He was charged for 
"exercising control of movement" of Ukrainians Olha 
Sheherbakova and Anzhela Pantelo in a way that showed that he aided 
and abetted prostitution.  He was also charged in another district 
court of stealing the passports of the Ukrainians.  The magistrate 
later dropped the charges and Ullyett was acquitted due to the fact 
that the government had deported immediately the two Ukrainians and 
other key witnesses. 
 
¶C.  What are limitations on the government's ability to address this 
problem in practice? 
 
A new government came into power in mid-January, 2008, replacing a 
government administration that was in power for more than 13 years, 
and thus inheriting a trafficking problem that the previous 
government-and current permanent civil service has been slow to 
address.  Orienting the new government on the issue and elaborating 
a new anti-TIP policy will take some time. 
 
The government has no formal screening mechanism to identify 
 
BRIDGETOWN 00000163  002 OF 007 
 
 
potential trafficking victims, and therefore immediately deports 
foreigners that are alleged to be criminals and/or undocumented. 
During the year, the Immigration Department deported a total of 258 
persons for unspecified immigration violations, the majority of whom 
were from Guyana (129), followed by Jamaica (67), and Saint Vincent 
and the Grenadines (24). Trafficking victims were often treated as 
criminals and deported after being held only temporarily for 
questioning. The government has very limited resources with which to 
address trafficking.  Understaffed law enforcement agencies have 
limited training in exploring the links between illegal prostitution 
and potential trafficking.  The legal system is equally trapped with 
a huge caseload and not enough prosecutors to handle the backlog. 
Other government agencies, however, such as the Bureau of Gender 
Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Immigration, have 
participated in several regional trainings, which have shown these 
linkages. Barbados faces many challenges as a small island 
developing State with limited financial and human resources and 
myriad competing claims on these resources.  In spite of this, 
however, assistance can be accessed through public social service 
agencies for all victims of crime be they Barbadian or foreign 
nationals.  Additional assistance is also available through 
organizations such as the IOM and its Global Emergency Fund as well 
as local Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Barbados. 
 
¶D.  To what extent does the government monitor its anti-trafficking 
efforts? 
 
A number of government agencies are involved in anti-trafficking 
efforts in Barbados.  These include the Immigration Department, the 
Customs and Excise Department, the Royal Barbados Police Force, the 
Labour Department, the Welfare Department, the Child Care Board and 
the Bureau of Gender Affairs. 
 
The Bureau of Gender Affairs is the agency which has taken the lead 
in combating Trafficking in Persons.  This resulted from the Meeting 
of the Principle Delegates of the Inter-American Commission on Women 
(CIM) in October 2002, when the Minister of Social Transformation of 
Barbados gave his commitment to lead the process to combat 
trafficking in persons and requested the Bureau of Gender Affairs to 
lead the process. 
 
-------------------- 
Para 28 - Prevention 
-------------------- 
 
¶3.  (SBU) 
 
¶A.  Does the government acknowledge that trafficking is a problem in 
the country? 
 
Although the Government of Barbados recognizes that trafficking is a 
problem internationally, its official response has been that there 
is no indication it is a problem specifically in Barbados, despite 
evidence to the contrary. However, after a series of high-profile 
cases involving 14 Indian laborers brought in to work on 
infrastructure for Cricket World Cup and a recent arrest of a 
Barbadian racecar driver on pimping charges involving two Ukrainian 
women, the government is beginning to acknowledge that a limited 
amount of trafficking may be occurring. 
 
¶B.  Which government agencies are involved in anti-trafficking 
efforts and which agency, if any, has the lead? 
 
A number of government agencies are involved in anti-trafficking 
efforts in Barbados.  These include the Immigration Department, the 
Customs and Excise Department, the Royal Barbados Police Force, the 
Labour Department, the Welfare Department, the Child Care Board and 
the Bureau of Gender Affairs. 
 
The Bureau of Gender Affairs is the lead agency in combating 
Trafficking in Persons.  This resulted from the Meeting of the 
Principle Delegates of the Inter-American Commission on Women (CIM) 
in October 2002, when the Minister of Social Transformation of 
Barbados gave his commitment to lead the process to combat 
trafficking in persons and requested the Bureau of Gender Affairs to 
lead the process. 
 
¶C.  Are there, or have there been government-run anti-trafficking 
information or education campaigns? 
 
The Bureau of Gender Affairs collaborated with the Business and 
Professional Women's Club of Barbados to sensitize government 
agencies on the differences between smuggling and trafficking, the 
importance of referral mechanisms and working with civil society 
groups, and the importance of implementing a trafficking specific 
protocol and legislation to better target their efforts. 
 
 
BRIDGETOWN 00000163  003 OF 007 
 
 
Government researchers carried out research in the Caribbean on the 
situation of trafficking of women and girls to begin the process of 
data collection as a result of IOM training on the topic. 
 
In 2007, the Bureau of Gender Affairs organized public fora to raise 
awareness of TIP.  These programs were held in prominent public 
areas such as Heroes' Square in downtown 
Bridgetown and Oistins fish market.  The programs were aimed at 
potential victims of trafficking and were geared towards raising 
public awareness. 
 
The Bureau of Gender Affairs facilitated the hosting of two 
workshops in collaboration with regional/international organisations 
- a one day workshop in June 2004 and a two day workshop in November 
¶2004.  The participants included stakeholders with a role to play in 
combating the problems of trafficking in persons (UN agencies, 
Government agencies such as the Police, Immigration, Child Care 
agencies, Women's groups and NGOs). 
 
¶D.  Does the government support other programs to prevent 
trafficking? 
 
The government runs a variety of programs aimed at building self 
worth in women and recognizing and preventing domestic violence.  In 
addition to a shelter for battered women, there are gender and 
equity programs. 
 
¶E.  What is the relationship between government officials, NGOs, 
other relevant organizations and other elements of civil society on 
the trafficking issue? 
 
NGOs and civil society are involved in a coalition of 15 
governmental and non-governmental organizations committed to 
combating trafficking in persons.   The relationship is 
cooperative. 
 
¶F.  Does the government monitor immigration and emigration patterns 
for evidence of trafficking?  Do law enforcement agencies screen for 
potential trafficking victims along 
borders? 
 
While the government has no anti-TIP specific system to monitor 
human trafficking, officials do monitor illegal immigration and have 
fully cooperated with international law enforcement bodies to 
identify and track migration to and through Barbados.  However, 
Immigration authorities are still in the beginning stages of 
identifying potential victims of human trafficking and those who 
traffic them.  In addition, the government has provided human, 
material, and financial resources - in cooperation with the United 
States - for the Advanced Passenger Information System, which checks 
the criminal backgrounds and migration history f individuals 
traveling to or through Barbados bfore they depart their countries 
of origin. 
 
G  Is there a mechanism for coordination andcommunication between 
various agencies, internal, international, and multilateral on 
trafficking-related matters, such as a multi-agency working group or 
a task force?  Does the government have a trafficking in persons 
working group or a single point of contact? 
 
A local Coalition against Trafficking in Persons was established 
with the Bureau of Gender Affairs providing secretariat services. 
Members of the coalition included representatives from the Bureau of 
Gender Affairs, the Ministry of Labour, the Barbados Tourism 
Authority, the Police Force, the Barbados Workers' Union, the Child 
Care Board, the National Organisation of Women, the Barbados 
Association of Non-Governmental Organisations, the Barbados Family 
Planning Association, the Men's Educational Support Association, the 
National Task Force on Crime Prevention, the Barbados Christian 
Council and the Business and Professional Women's Club. 
 
The coalition has a two-fold purpose - it served to bring awareness 
of the issue of trafficking in persons to its members and it also 
utilized their combined knowledge to develop effective strategies 
for the dissemination of information on the phenomenon. An 
island-wide information campaign was planned and executed during the 
latter months of 2005.  This included public presentations, 
television interviews, radio shows, newspaper articles, brochures, 
fliers and infomercials. 
 
The government has established a coalition with NGOs as a 
coordination mechanism for new information and implementation of 
advocacy programs writ large.  Within the government, the 
Immigration Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Customs and 
Excise Department, the Royal Barbados Police Force, the Labour 
Department, the Welfare Department, the Child Care Board and the 
Bureau of Gender Affairs have established an anti-TIP working group 
 
BRIDGETOWN 00000163  004 OF 007 
 
 
with the Bureau of Gender Affairs as the lead agency.  The Bureau of 
Gender Affairs is the lead agency in combating Trafficking in 
Persons.  This resulted from the Meeting of the Principle Delegates 
of the Inter-American Commission on Women (CIM) in October 2002, 
when the Minister of Social Transformation of Barbados gave his 
commitment to lead the process to combat trafficking in persons and 
requested the Bureau of Gender Affairs to lead the process. 
 
¶H.  Does the government have a national plan of action to address 
trafficking in persons?  If so, which agencies were involved in 
developing it?  Were NGOs consulted in the process?  What steps has 
the government taken to disseminate the action plan? 
 
The government does not currently have a national plan of action for 
trafficking in persons, but drafted a protocol for anti-TIP action, 
which the Bureau of Gender Affairs has shared with other government 
agencies. 
 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
Para 29 - Investigations and Prosecutions of Traffickers 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
 
¶4.  (SBU) Questions A, B, C, D, and E 
 
Barbados does not have legislation which speaks to the offence of 
trafficking in persons per se.  However, there are several pieces of 
legislation which address conduct that may amount to the offence of 
trafficking in persons.  Further, it should be noted that section 14 
of the constitution of Barbados provides that no persons shall be 
held in slavery or servitude and no persons shall be required to 
perform forced labour. 
 
 The Sexual Offences Act, Cap. 154 and the Offences Against the 
Person Act, Cap. 141 address conduct which may amount to trafficking 
in persons both for sexual and non-sexual purposes. 
 
Sections 33 and 34 of the Offences Against the Person Act speak to 
the crime of slavery.  However, sections 30 and 31 of the mentioned 
Act should be noted as they speak to the respective crimes of 
kidnapping, abduction and wrongfully concealing a person and such 
conduct may be used to facilitate slavery. 
 
Part I of the Sexual Offences Act, which makes provisions for what 
amounts to a sexual offence, should be noted as these offences may 
be similar to what amounts to an offence of trafficking in persons 
for sexual purposes or conduct that facilitates the offence of 
trafficking in persons for sexual purposes. 
 
Barbados has enacted no relevant new legislation since the last TIP 
report. The Immigration Act, Cap. 190 may also be utilised to assist 
with the prosecution of persons who have committed offences which 
may amount to trafficking in persons. 
 
The laws cover conduct which may amount to internal and external 
forms of trafficking in persons. 
 
There are other laws used in relation to cases which may amount to 
trafficking in person cases.  These include the following Acts: the 
Extradition Act, Cap. 189; and the Immigration Act, Cap. 190. 
 
Other relevant laws include: Extradition Act, Cap. 189 (criminal 
law); Immigration Act, Cap. 190 (criminal law); Offence Against the 
Person Act, Cap. 141 (criminal law) Sexual Offences Act, Cap.154 
(criminal law); the Constitution of Barbados (civil law). 
 
Under the Sexual Offences Act the penalties for conduct which may 
amount to trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation include 
imprisonment or fines or both. The penalty for rape is up to life 
imprisonment.  The penalty for sexual assault is up to five years in 
prison. 
 
Under the Offences Against the Person Act the penalties for conduct 
which may amount to trafficking in persons for labour include 
imprisonment or fines or both. 
 
Under domestic legislation the actions described (confiscating 
workers' passports etc.)  may amount to the detention of a person 
against his will as a slave and therefore sections 44 and 45 of the 
Offences Against the Person Act and section 14 of the Constitution 
of Barbados would apply. 
 
There is no specific provision in Barbados' domestic legislation 
that addresses trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation per 
se.  Under the Sexual Offences Act the penalty for the offence of 
rape, on conviction, is imprisonment for life (section 3).  Under 
this act reference is also made to the offence of indecent assault - 
the penalty for the offence of indecent assault, on conviction, is 
 
BRIDGETOWN 00000163  005 OF 007 
 
 
imprisonment for 5 years, 
 
Prostitution is illegal in Barbados.  The Sexual Offences Act 
criminalises the act of prostitution.  Section 19 (1)(a) provides 
that a person who lives wholly or partially on the earnings of 
prostitution is guilty of an offence.  Section 19 (1)(b) provides 
that where a person in any place solicits for immoral purposes that 
person is guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction 
to imprisonment for a term of five years or to a fine of $5000 or 
both. 
 
Section 18 of the Sexual Offenses Act establishes that where a 
person: a) keeps or manages or acts or assists in the management of 
a brothel; b) is a tenant, lessee, occupier or person in charge of 
any premises, who knowingly permits the premises or any part of the 
premises to be used as a brothel or for the purposes of 
prostitution; or c) is a landlord or lessor or the agent of the 
landlord or lessor who lets any premises or part of the premises for 
the purposes of a brothel.  That person is guilty of an offence and 
is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term of five 
years or to a fine of $5000 or both. 
 
Section 7 of the Juvenile Offenders Act, Cap.138 addresses the age 
of criminal responsibility in Barbados and it states: "Sections 8 
and 9 shall not render punishable for an offence any child who is 
not, in the opinion of the court, above the age of 11 years and of 
sufficient capacity to commit a crime." 
 
¶F.  Has the government prosecuted any cases against traffickers? 
 
Larsen and Toubro was successfully prosecuted and the company was 
fined $1,000 (BDS$2,000).  The Director of Public Prosecutions tried 
to levy heavier punishment, but his case was weakened by the fact 
that the company sent the workers home before they could assist with 
the investigation. 
 
The magistrate dropped the charges and acquitted Geoffrey Ullyett of 
charges of living off the proceeds of prostitution and "exercising 
control of movement" of Ukrainians Olha Sheherbakova and Anzhela 
Pantelo, because the government immediately deported the two 
Ukrainians and other key witnesses. 
 
¶G.  Is there any information or reports of who is behind the 
trafficking?  For example, are the traffickers freelance operators, 
small crime groups, and/or large international organized crime 
syndicates? 
 
There are reports of small time, high-end traffickers.  Another type 
appears to be companies that are bringing in large numbers of 
laborers to work in Barbados' booming construction industry.  A 
large number of these workers would probably be better classified as 
smuggled as opposed to trafficked. 
 
¶H.  Does the government actively investigate cases of trafficking? 
(Again, the focus should be on trafficking cases versus migrant 
smuggling cases.) 
 
Barbados is the Chair of and contributes staff and other resources 
to the Regional Security Service (RSS), a coalition of top-level 
police, customs, immigration, military, and Coast Guard 
representatives from across the Caribbean.  The RSS recently 
investigated and dismantled a human trafficking network victimizing 
children as young as 13 who were trafficked from China and Russia, 
as well as from throughout the region. 
 
¶I.  Does the government provide any specialized training for 
government officials in how to recognize, investigate, and prosecute 
instances of trafficking? 
 
Some government officials have been trained on the topic of 
trafficking writ large, but not specific to identifying, prosecuting 
traffickers, and protecting victims. 
 
¶J.  Does the government cooperate with other governments in the 
investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases?  If possible, 
can post provide the number of cooperative international 
investigations on trafficking? 
 
In March, Regional Security Service (RSS) forces worked with the 
Royal Canadian Mounted Police to dismantle a human trafficking ring 
destined for Barbados, which involved victims of human trafficking 
as young as 13 and 14 years old.  The government has also fully 
cooperated with international law enforcement to identify and track 
migration to and through Barbados.  However, Immigration authorities 
are still in the beginning stages of identifying potential victims 
of human trafficking and those who traffic them.  In addition, the 
government has provided human as well as limited material and 
 
BRIDGETOWN 00000163  006 OF 007 
 
 
financial resources - in cooperation with the United States - for 
the Advanced Passenger Information System, which checks the criminal 
backgrounds and migration history of individuals traveling to or 
through Barbados before they depart their countries of origin. 
 
¶K.  Does the government extradite persons who are charged with 
trafficking in other countries?  If so, can post provide the number 
of traffickers extradited?  Does the government extradite its own 
nationals charged with such offenses? 
 
There have been no requests for extradition of individuals charged 
with trafficking in other countries. 
 
¶L.  Is there evidence of government involvement in or tolerance of 
trafficking, on a local or institutional level? 
 
No. 
 
¶M.  If government officials are involved in trafficking, what steps 
has the government taken to end such participation?  Have any 
government officials been prosecuted for involvement in trafficking 
or trafficking-related corruption?  Have any been convicted?  What 
sentence(s) was imposed?  Please provide specific numbers, if 
available. 
 
No concrete evidence to date of government participation. 
 
¶N.  If the country has an identified child sex tourism problem (as 
source or destination), how many foreign pedophiles has the 
government prosecuted or deported/extradited to their country of 
origin? 
 
In March, Regional Security Service (RSS) forces dismantled a human 
trafficking ring destined for Barbados, which involved victims of 
human trafficking as young as 13 and 14 years old. The Royal 
Canadian Mounted Police senior liaison officer for the region 
confirmed that the principal organizers of the ring were from 
Barbados and Guyana while the number of the girls originated from 
China and Russia, as well as from throughout the region. 
 
¶O.  Has the government signed, ratified, and/or taken steps to 
implement the following international instruments? Please provide 
the date of signature/ratification if appropriate. 
 
a.  ILO Convention 182 concerning the Prohibition and Immediate 
Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor: 
Ratified May 8, 1967. 
 
b.  ILO Convention 29 and 105 on Forced or Compulsory Labor: 
Ratified October 23, 2000. 
 
c.  The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the 
Child (CRC) on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child 
Pornography: Did not sign or ratify. 
 
d.  The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in 
Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing the UN 
Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime: Signed September 
26, 2001. 
 
--------------------------------------------- - 
Para 30 - Protection and Assistance to Victims 
--------------------------------------------- - 
 
¶5.  (SBU) 
 
¶A.  Does the government assist victims, for example, by providing 
temporary to permanent residency status, relief from deportation, 
shelter and access to legal, medical and psychological services? 
 
Victims are normally deported for immigration violations before any 
services can be provided or ability to assist in prosecutions. 
Without anti-TIP legislation the Immigration Department is legally 
bound to detain and deport. 
 
¶B.  Does the government provide funding or other forms of support to 
foreign or domestic NGOs for services to victims? 
 
There is women's shelter operated by the Business and Professional 
Women's Club, which is partially supported by a government 
subvention.  Foreign nationals in need of social services have the 
same access to government-provided services as Barbadians. 
 
¶C.  Do the government's law enforcement and social services 
personnel have a formal system of identifying victims of trafficking 
among high-risk persons with whom they come in contact? 
 
 
BRIDGETOWN 00000163  007 OF 007 
 
 
The GOB does no screening for potential TIP victims. 
 
¶D.  Are the rights of victims respected, or are victims treated as 
criminals?  Are victims detained, jailed, or deported?  If detained 
or jailed, for how long?  Are victims fined?  Are victims prosecuted 
for violations of other laws, such as those governing immigration or 
prostitution? 
 
Undocumented foreigners are generally treated as criminals and 
expeditiously deported.  If a victim is foreign, without the proper 
legal documentation, s/he would most likely be immediately deported. 
 Without anti-TIP legislation the Immigration Department is legally 
bound to detain and deport. 
 
¶E.  Does the government encourage victims to assist in the 
investigation and prosecution of trafficking? 
 
Undocumented foreigners are generally treated as criminals and 
expeditiously deported.  If a victim is foreign, without the proper 
legal documentation, s/he would most likely be immediately 
deported. 
 
¶F.  What kind of protection is the government able to provide for 
victims and witnesses?  Does it provide these protections in 
practice?  What type of shelter or services does the government 
provide? 
 
(See answers to question B above) 
 
¶G.  Does the government provide any specialized training for 
government officials in recognizing trafficking and in the provision 
of assistance to trafficked victims, including the special needs of 
trafficked children? 
 
The Bureau of Gender Affairs collaborated with the Business and 
Professional Women's Club of Barbados to sensitize government 
agencies on the differences between smuggling and trafficking, the 
importance of referral mechanisms and working with civil society 
groups, and the importance of implementing a trafficking specific 
protocol and legislation to better target their efforts. 
 
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has been 
conducting seminars and training for the past couple of years that 
are attended by government officials from a variety of social 
welfare and law enforcement agencies. 
 
¶H.  Does the government provide assistance, such as medical aid, 
shelter, or financial help, to its repatriated nationals who are 
victims of trafficking? 
 
(See answers to questions B and F above) 
 
¶I.  Which international organizations or NGOs, if any, work with 
trafficking victims?  What type of services do they provide?  What 
sort of cooperation do they receive from local authorities?  NOTE: 
If post reports that a government is incapable of assisting and 
protecting TIP victims, then post should explain thoroughly. 
Funding, personnel, and training constraints should be noted, if 
applicable. Conversely, the lack of political will to address the 
problem should be noted as well. 
 
(See answers to questions 3B, C and G.  Also 5 B.) 
 
OURISMAN