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Viewing cable 08SKOPJE139, U.S. COMPANY A PIONEER INVESTOR IN MACEDONIA

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
08SKOPJE139 2008-02-20 16:14 2011-08-26 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Skopje
VZCZCXRO2708
RR RUEHAG RUEHAST RUEHDA RUEHDF RUEHFL RUEHIK RUEHKW RUEHLA RUEHLN
RUEHLZ RUEHPOD RUEHROV RUEHSR RUEHVK RUEHYG
DE RUEHSQ #0139/01 0511614
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 201614Z FEB 08
FM AMEMBASSY SKOPJE
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 7079
INFO RUEHZL/EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE 0206
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHDC
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHINGTON DC
RUESEN/SKOPJE BETA
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 SKOPJE 000139 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR EUR/SCA 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ECON EINV EIND PGOV MK
SUBJECT:  U.S. COMPANY A PIONEER INVESTOR IN MACEDONIA 
 
 
Summary 
------- 
1.  (SBU) In March the U.S. multi-national company Johnson Controls 
will begin production at its factory in Macedonia's free trade zone 
(FTZ) and will start exporting electronic circuit boards to major 
automobile companies.  The Johnson Controls factory represents a 
breakthrough for Macedonia - the first investment in the FTZ and the 
first "greenfield" investment by a major multi-national company. 
The GOM expects additional companies will invest in the FTZ, helping 
to jump-start the Macedonian economy.  In order for that to happen, 
however, the GOM needs to show it has learned from the challenges 
Johnson Controls has faced in clearing bureaucratic hurdles.  End 
summary. 
 
Being First Has Its Advantages... 
--------------------------------- 
2. (U).  Milwaukee-based Johnson Controls' decision to invest in 
Macedonia in 2006 was a coup for the country.  It was the first 
major multi-national company (with 2007 sales of over $34.6 billion 
and 140,000 employees world-wide) to make a substantial "greenfield" 
investment in Macedonia.  Although a large area near the Skopje 
airport was designated for a free trade zone (FTZ) in 2000, it had 
remained vacant until Johnson Controls broke ground for construction 
of its factory in late 2006. The FTZ offers export-oriented 
companies additional tax and tariff incentives. 
 
3. (SBU) In order to entice Johnson Controls to locate its factory 
in Macedonia rather than in other Central European countries, the 
GOM offered the company a number of benefits.  These incentives, 
which have not been made public, include not only generous tax 
breaks, but also an extra low-cost lease for land in the FTZ, GOM 
subsidizing of training costs for Johnson Controls' employees, and 
fast-tracking of shipments through Macedonian customs.  The EU 
Commission criticized the GOM for providing support that goes beyond 
what EU governments are allowed to provide investors.  The GOM 
replied that, as Macedonia was not yet in the EU, it needed to offer 
extra incentives to attract high-caliber investors.  However, the 
GOM agreed with the EU that future investors would not receive all 
the benefits that Johnson Controls had received. 
 
...And Disadvantages 
-------------------- 
4. (SBU) Despite strong GOM support, Johnson Controls encountered 
numerous bureaucratic barriers to establishing its operations. 
Johnson Controls' plant manager, Avram Stojcevski, told econoff that 
many of the GOM's bureaucratic procedures necessary for operating in 
the FTZ were not in place, while those that did exist were 
cumbersome and inefficient.  Top GOM officials tried to be helpful 
in clearing the hurdles, but weak institutional capacity created 
delays.  Obtaining building permits for the factory, for example, 
was a difficult and time consuming process.  The company also faced 
problems connecting to various utilities such as electricity and 
sewage, since no utility infrastructure existed in the FTZ prior to 
Johnson Controls' arrival.  Securing a natural gas connection was 
the most difficult, as there is a long-running dispute between the 
GOM and the private company with which it shares ownership of the 
natural gas network. 
 
Factory Now Up And Running 
-------------------------- 
5. (SBU) Despite those obstacles, the factory is now ready to 
assemble electronic circuit boards used in automobiles and in March 
will begin supplying Peugeot and Renault.  The company expects to 
have 115 employees by September, and as additional assembly lines 
are installed production and employment will increase.  Stojcevski 
said Johnson Controls has reserved an option to lease additional 
land next to the factory if they decide to expand further once the 
existing facility is running at full capacity. 
 
Johnson Controls Will Have Neighbors 
------------------------------------ 
6. (SBU) Attracting significant levels of foreign direct investment 
has been a cornerstone of the GOM's economic development strategy. 
GOM officials hope that additional investors will build factories in 
the FTZ, leading to a higher economic growth rate and lower 
unemployment.  So far there has been some positive news.  The 
British manufacturing company Johnson Matthey has announced it will 
open a factory in the FTZ to assemble catalytic converters for 
diesel engines.  An Italian manufacturing company also intends to 
locate a factory in the FTZ.  These companies' intentions show that 
there is growing interest in greenfield investments in Macedonia, 
given the attractive tax benefits, available low-cost workforce due 
to the high unemployment rate, and relative geographical proximity 
to markets in Western Europe. 
 
Were Lessons Learned? 
--------------------- 
 
SKOPJE 00000139  002 OF 002 
 
 
7.  (SBU) To attract foreign investors, the GOM has two ministers 
devoted full-time to meeting with companies around the world, and 
has been heavily advertising Macedonia's pro-business policies in 
international publications such as the Economist magazine. 
Ultimately, however, if the GOM wants to attract significant 
investment in the FTZ it will need to demonstrate that it has 
learned from Johnson Controls' experience.  As the pioneer, Johnson 
Controls experienced numerous bureaucratic headaches, but it also 
enjoyed some benefits from being first into the FTZ.  Future 
potential investors might shy away unless the GOM can show it has 
done more to cut the red tape and make it easier to set up shop and 
do business. 
 
Milovanovic