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UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 08 ABUJA 000404 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, AF/RSA, AF/W, INR/AA 
DEPT PASS TO USAID 
DOE FOR GPERSON 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PHUM KCRM KWMN SMIG KFRD ASEC PREF ELAB NI
SUBJECT: NIGERIA: TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT 
 
REF: STATE 2731 
 
¶1. (U) The following is Mission Nigeria's submission for the 
annual trafficking in persons (TIP) report.  Paragraphs 
respond to questions in reftel. 
 
-------- 
OVERVIEW 
-------- 
¶2.  (SBU) -- A. Nigeria is a source, transit, and destination 
country for trafficked persons.  Trafficking also occurs 
within the country's borders. The National Agency for the 
Prohibition of Traffic In Persons and Other Related Matters 
(NAPTIP) is unable to keep accurate numbers of trafficking 
victims, but continues to use a 2002 United Nations 
Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimate that out of 15 million 
children in the labor force, 40 percent (6 million) were 
trafficked.  UNICEF estimates between 50,000 and 70,000 
African women are in Italy in prostitution, of which 70 
percent are from Nigeria.  Common sources of trafficking 
information are NAPTIP, Ministry of Labor and Productivity, 
Ministry of Women's Affairs, International Organization for 
Migration (IOM), UN Crime and Research Institute (UNCRI), UN 
Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and UNICEF.  NAPTIP 
estimates female trafficking victims outnumber males by a 
ratio of 4 to 1. 
 
-- B. The Nigerian government continued to make efforts to 
combat trafficking, but has thus far failed to provide 
adequate funding.  Moreover, the government's limited efforts 
are hampered by corruption, endemic poverty, and the 
country's porous borders. 
 
NAPTIP is the lead agency for all TIP issues.  The NAPTIP Act 
and the Child Rights Act provide the legal framework to 
combat trafficking and the government continues its efforts 
to sensitize citizens to the dangers of trafficking. 
However, trafficking remains widespread because of poverty, 
corruption, and lack of awareness, which aid traffickers. 
Prosecutions remain limited, both in number and 
effectiveness, and convictions even more so.  Although the 
NAPTIP Act criminalizes trafficking, in practice the courts 
move slowly leading to NAPTIP securing very few convictions 
relative to the number of cases.  With regard to protection, 
NAPTIP lacks adequate funding to maintain its shelters at a 
reasonable standard, and to provide adequate services to 
rescued victims.  NAPTIP also lacks adequate funding to 
provide victims with rehabilitation, training, and 
microcredit loans and often looks to international NGOs and 
foreign governments for assistance.  Overall, there is no 
evidence that trafficking is decreasing, and it may in fact 
be on the rise as widespread poverty continues to encourage 
desperate measures. 
 
Trafficking received increased attention in Nigeria and the 
government has increased public sensitization through its 
publicity campaigns.  These campaigns include posters, print 
media, and radio commercials.  Sensitization campaigns have 
had some effect as NAPTIP claims the publicity has forced 
traffickers to move their operations to more remote sections 
of the country.  However, it is probably a mixture of public 
awareness and increased, visible enforcement efforts that 
have pushed the traffickers into the rural reaches of the 
country. While the media publicity is generally 
anti-trafficking, some NGOs complain that some Nigerian 
movies glamorize trafficking. 
 
Traffickers often employ deception to lure their victims. 
Traffickers will often lie to the victim about the work 
he/she will do.  While some TIP victims know they will go 
into prostitution, many victims are told, and believe, they 
will pick fruit or be a domestic servant, and only later find 
out they will be subjected to hard labor or the sex industry. 
 In parts of the south, some traffickers use traditional 
religious beliefs to frighten their victims into doing the 
trafficker's bidding and dissuade them from trying to escape 
or go to the police.  Some young victims are desperate and 
 
ABUJA 00000404  002 OF 008 
 
 
encouraged by their families to travel to Europe, but are 
unaware of the extremely difficult trek across the Sahara, 
which is the most common route.  Once victims reach Europe, 
sometimes after several months of being forced to work in 
North Africa, they are then often kept virtual prisoners 
until they can repay the cost of their journey and turn a 
profit for the trafficker.  Sometimes parents will agree to 
traffic a child, believing it to be for the good of the rest 
of the family.  These parents will often convince or coerce 
the child into participating, using the example of 
prostitutes and laborers who have sent money to support their 
family.  Traffickers will sometimes send a little money to 
the family for a while and then stop the remittances, 
claiming the child has escaped.  Traffickers most often 
target the young and poor, aged 8 to 25 years.  These men, 
women, and children are intended for prostitution, domestic 
work, or hard labor in the fields. 
 
International trafficking destinations include, but are not 
limited to, the ECOWAS countries, Italy, Spain, Saudi Arabia, 
Turkey, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, 
France, Norway, and Ireland.  Transit countries include 
countries in north and west Africa, particularly Libya and 
Morocco.  While Libya and Morocco are not considered 
destination countries, often victims will live and work in 
these countries for an indefinite period of time during their 
travel.  The absence of travel restrictions makes ECOWAS 
countries a destination for trafficking, but traffickers will 
seek greater profits in Europe.  TIP victims in Europe are 
often involved in the sex industry.  Italy is a prime 
destination for Nigerians, especially those from Edo State, 
who are being trafficked for the sex industry.  Many are 
concentrated in Turin. TIP victims in the UK are often found 
in domestic work.  In Saudi Arabia, TIP victims are found 
both in prostitution and domestic labor.  In Nigeria and the 
rest of Africa, TIP victims are working in prostitution, 
domestic labor, and field labor.  There is a large amount of 
internal trafficking, going from rural areas and states such 
as Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Imo, and northern states to the 
urban centers of Lagos, Abuja, and Kano. 
 
False documents are a common tool used to move TIP victims. 
Traffickers will often use the passport of a girl who has 
already traveled with a legitimate visa.  The traffickers 
will substitute the photo and the victim will travel using 
the doctored passport.  Traffickers work in a syndicate which 
includes a head pimp, usually a wealthy individual referred 
to as the "madam" or "italo sponsor" who heads the syndicate. 
 The madams see trafficking as an avenue to profit, creating 
a need to find more recruits.  The syndicate also includes 
recruiters, "trolleys" who are in charge of the transport of 
the victims and obtaining documentation, complicit police, 
immigration and/or ministerial level staff, and sometimes 
traditional religious figures who practice witchcraft to 
intimidate victims.  Sixteen states have passed the Child 
Rights Act to deal specifically with human trafficking, but 
funding at all levels to carry out the mandate adequately is 
insufficient.  Recent immigration reforms tightening the 
issuance of passports are expected to yield a decrease in 
trafficking, because they will make it easier to detect. 
 
-- C. The National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic In 
Persons and Other Related Matters (NAPTIP) is the lead agency 
for all TIP issues.  Common sources of trafficking 
information are NAPTIP, the Ministry of Labor and 
Productivity, the Ministry of Women's Affairs and Social 
Development, the International Organization for Migration 
(IOM), the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and UNICEF. 
 
-- D. The Nigerian government has made efforts to combat 
trafficking, but has thus far failed to provide sufficient 
funding to NAPTIP, the Nigerian Police Force (NPF), or the 
Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) to allow them to fight 
trafficking in persons adequately.  Moreover, the 
government's limited efforts are hampered by the country's 
corruption, endemic poverty, and porous borders. 
 
 
ABUJA 00000404  003 OF 008 
 
 
-- E.  The government monitors its anti-trafficking efforts 
through a quarterly anti-TIP stakeholders forum.  NAPTIP does 
not issue an annual report, but does respond to queries. 
NAPTIP, the NPF, and NIS lack basic data on numbers of 
trafficking victims. However, NAPTIP has been working with 
USAID and an implementing partner, the American Bar 
Association (ABA), to develop a database system containing 
information on victims and traffickers that can be accessed 
and utilized by all agencies involved in the fight against 
human trafficking. 
 
----------------------------- 
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION 
----------------------------- 
-- A. The government passed the Trafficking In Persons, 
(Prohibition) Law Enforcement and Administration Acts in 2003 
and 2005 respectively, as well as the Child Rights Act in 
2002 and 2005. The Child Rights Act increased sanctions and 
established the best interests of the child as an operating 
principle.  The laws cover trafficking for both sexual and 
non-sexual purposes, as well as internal and external 
trafficking. 
 
In addition, traffickers can be prosecuted under the Criminal 
Code (applicable in southern states of Nigeria), the Penal 
Code (applicable in northern states of Nigeria), the Edo 
State Law Against Human Trafficking (applicable only to Edo 
State), the Labor Act (1974), and the Immigration Act.  These 
laws taken together adequately cover the scope of trafficking 
in Nigeria. 
 
-- B.  Under the Child Rights Act, the penalty for 
trafficking people for sexual exploitation purposes is ten 
years to life imprisonment and/or a $1,560 (200,000 naira) 
fine, which is far too lenient and does not act as a 
sufficient deterrent.  The penalty for trafficking for 
purposes of labor exploitation is five years imprisonment 
and/or $780 fine (100,000 naira).  The Criminal Code issues a 
sentence of two years imprisonment for procuring, pimping, 
and exploiting prostitutes.  The Penal Code states 
trafficking in women for immoral purposes carries a seven 
year sentence; originally written as gender specific, it is 
now revised to allow for men and women to be prosecuted for 
this crime. 
 
-- C.  The Criminal Code states forced labor has a penalty of 
imprisonment.  The Penal Code states forced labor has a 
penalty of one year in prison.  The Child Rights Act provides 
a ten-year sentence for trafficking children for hawking or 
begging.  The Criminal and Penal Codes carry a 14-year 
sentence for externally trafficking persons into slavery. 
 
-- D. The penalty for rape is ten years and/or a 200,000 
Naira ($1,560) fine, while forcible sexual assault carries a 
two year jail term.  The penalty for rape is the same as 
trafficking for purposes of commercial exploitation. 
 
-- E. Prostitution is illegal at both the federal and state 
level; however, it remains widespread in Nigeria, centered 
mainly in hotels, bars, and crossroads areas such as truck 
stops. 
 
-- F. The data, although fairly unreliable, reflects that 
there were 80 new trafficking cases investigated, 23 cases 
prosecuted, and four convictions obtained during the 
reporting period. At the time of the report there were still 
52 cases pending. 
 
-- G. The government does provide training in how to 
recognize, investigate, and prosecute instances of 
trafficking.  In coordination with USAID and the American Bar 
Association, the following training was conducted during the 
reporting period: 
 
During FY07, in cooperation with NAPTIP, NPF, and National 
Judicial Institute (NJI) a total of 758 persons were trained 
with USG assistance as described below: 
 
ABUJA 00000404  004 OF 008 
 
 
 
NPF: A total of 26 police academy instructors were trained on 
a new curriculum that was drafted by an additional five 
persons trained with the assistance of the American Bar 
Association. 
 
NIS: A total of 650 persons were trained during three events. 
 The first event focused on training officers in the various 
North Central zone commands.  Following this event, the 
officers from the first session assisted in step-down 
training for 592 new NIS officers posted to the North Central 
zone.  The second event trained 28 instructors at the NIS 
schools on the new curriculum which includes trafficking 
issues. 
 
NAPTIP and NJI: A total of 43 judges and prosecutors were 
trained during two events. The training was aimed at helping 
build the capacity to prosecute and adjudicate TIP cases, 
with an emphasis on the rights of TIP victims during the 
court proceedings. 
 
-- H. The government of Nigeria does cooperate and actively 
work with several other countries in the investigation and 
prosecution of trafficking cases. NAPTIP worked with eight 
countries including Spain, Ireland, Netherlands, United 
Kingdom, Italy, France, Norway, and Belgium, with the United 
States as an observer, to apprehend an international ring of 
traffickers.  NAPTIP also worked in coordination with other 
countries in the region, most notably Benin, Togo, and 
Cameroon. 
 
-- I. The government has established extradition agreements 
to repatriate traffickers.  However, there have been no cases 
involving the extradition of any traffickers during the 
reporting period. 
 
-- J. Corruption is endemic within the Nigerian Police Force 
and Nigerian Immigration Service.  The police and immigration 
officials are poorly paid and are prone to accepting bribes 
to turn a blind eye to trafficking. There is strong suspicion 
of complicity in trafficking by individuals at border posts 
as well as airports.  In addition, officials do not always 
distinguish between victims of trafficking and prostitutes. 
 
-- K. NAPTIP makes every effort to investigate officials 
involved in trafficking but has a difficult time proving 
guilt. 
 
-- L. There was no evidence that peacekeeping troops deployed 
abroad were involved in or facilitating severe forms of 
trafficking or exploiting victims of such trafficking. 
 
-- M. Nigeria has not been identified as having a child sex 
tourism problem.  However, children under 18 are often 
trafficked for sexual purposes. 
 
 
------------------------------------ 
PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS 
------------------------------------ 
-- A. The government does not provide permanent residency 
status, only temporary residency status, to TIP victims. 
 
-- B. The government does provide assistance to TIP victims 
through NAPTIP shelter services.  The shelters provide legal, 
medical, and psychological assistance for the victims. 
However, the shelters only provide temporary services, and 
generally not for more than six months.  NAPTIP will keep 
victims at the shelter to obtain their testimony for 
prosecution of traffickers.  TIP victims with 
sexually-transmitted diseases or who are HIV positive can 
obtain medical assistance while in the shelter.  NAPTIP has 
an agreement with certain hospitals and clinics to provide 
service to TIP victims.  NAPTIP in coordination with the USG, 
assisted 695 victims during the reporting period.  NAPTIP 
maintains seven shelters in Lagos, Abuja, Benin City, Sokoto, 
Kano, Enugu and Akwa Ibom States. 
 
ABUJA 00000404  005 OF 008 
 
 
 
-- C. The government does not provide funding to NGOs but 
does work closely with the International Organization for 
Migration (IOM) and UNICEF to receive TIP victims.  IOM 
handles voluntary repatriations, whereas NAPTIP handles 
involuntary repatriations.  IOM will transfer victims to 
NAPTIP's jurisdiction while NAPTIP sends the TIP victims to 
the shelters for long and short term counseling, 
rehabilitation, and reintegration services, as well as to 
NGOs.  After the victims leave the shelter they can contact 
their state governments for assistance.  With USG assistance, 
NAPTIP also worked with ABA to provide capacity building 
training to 34 counselors who serve the residents at the 
seven shelters run by NAPTIP. 
 
-- D. According NAPTIP, they identified over 800 victims 
during the reporting period; however, due to inadequate 
record keeping it is difficult to determine the true number. 
 
-- E. Prostitution is not legal. 
 
-- F. The rights of victims are protected under the NAPTIP 
Act.  NAPTIP does not jail victims, though the agency keeps 
foreign TIP victims in shelters under guard until they are 
repatriated. Victims are not fined or prosecuted. 
 
-- G. The government does encourage victims to assist in the 
investigation and prosecution of trafficking as victim's 
testimony is usually required to prosecute. Victims can file 
suit against their traffickers but rarely do so because of 
poverty, fear, or pressure.  NAPTIP will obtain a victim's 
testimony for prosecution and after that the victim will be 
free to return to their family, but there are instances where 
the victim has nowhere to go.  As court cases lag, it is 
difficult to get victims to come in from their towns to the 
court and testify; the longer that phase, the less likely 
their appearance in court.  There is a victim restitution 
program, which allows victims to obtain compensation from the 
traffickers.  It has been established, but it is reportedly 
not effective, as few victims have obtained compensation. 
 
-- H. The government provides protection through the police. 
NAPTIP maintains seven shelters in Lagos (Lagos State), Abuja 
(Federal Capital Territory), Kano (Kano State), Sokoto 
(Sokoto State), Enugu (Enugu State), Uyo (Akwa Ibom State) 
and Benin City (Edo State).  NAPTIP does not have any funds 
to reintegrate victims into society, but sometimes IOM and 
UNICEF have provided reintegration support funds, as have 
some NGOs.  Because only a small percentage of Nigerians are 
able to find formal sector employment, legitimate employment 
opportunities for rehabilitated trafficking victims are 
severely limited.  Child victims are placed in shelters and 
reunited with their families if possible.  Sometimes families 
cannot be located or are unwilling to accept the child. 
 
-- I. The government provides training to NAPTIP, NIS, and 
police officials in trafficking matters.  Nigerian Embassies 
and Consulates are also sensitized to human trafficking 
through training conducted by NAPTIP.  The Nigerian Embassy 
in Italy aids TIP victims in country by connecting them to 
NGOs who can provide assistance. 
 
-- J. The government provides assistance through the NAPTIP 
shelters and the victim assistance package.  The NAPTIP 
shelters provide medical support and work closely with Women 
Trafficking & Child Labor Eradication Foundation (WOTCLEF) in 
providing shelter and healthcare.  TIP victims choose a 
vocation and are provided with the necessary equipment and 
training.  In addition, some states provide assistance to TIP 
victims through their own programs.  In Edo State, there is 
training for TIP victims through the UNICEF center in Benin 
City, as well as through other NGOs.  TIP victims can receive 
training in hairdressing, sewing, computers, and catering. 
Some TIP victims are eligible for microcredit, though in 
practice, the number of victims receiving funding is small. 
NGOs report that microcredit must be accompanied by skill and 
management training in order to maximize effectiveness. 
 
ABUJA 00000404  006 OF 008 
 
 
 
-- K. UNICEF, ABA, IOM, ILO, ECOWAS, and the AU work with TIP 
victims.  IOM meets repatriated victims at the port of entry 
and refers them to NAPTIP.  IOM also supports the Lagos 
shelter.  UNICEF has provided funds for food and training 
equipment for the shelter.  UNICEF helped fund a training 
center for youth, including trafficking victims, in Benin 
City. Prominent local NGOs include WOTCLEF, the Women's 
Consortium of Nigeria (WOCON), Idia Renaissance, the Society 
for the Empowerment of Young Persons (SEYP), Women's Rights 
Advancement and Protection Alternative (WRAPA), Girl's Power 
Initiative (GPI), African Women Empowerment Guild (AWEG), 
Committee for the Support of the Dignity of Women (COSUDOW), 
and the Network for Justice and Democracy (NJD).  NAPTIP 
refers victims to some of these organizations for 
rehabilitation, as they often lack the necessary funding. 
The government does not allocate sufficient resources to 
NAPTIP to carry out its mandate effectively.  NAPTIP and NGOs 
suggest there is a lack of political will to convince the 
executive and legislative branches to dedicate more resources 
to TIP. 
 
---------- 
PREVENTION 
---------- 
-- A. The government does acknowledge that TIP is a problem 
in Nigeria. 
 
-- B. NAPTIP has conducted anti-trafficking public awareness 
and education campaigns during the reporting period.  The 
campaigns largely involved posters, billboards, commercials, 
and forums in villages to sensitize the public to the 
problems of trafficking.  NAPTIP targeted schools for its 
primary education drive.  These efforts have forced 
traffickers to move their recruiting activity to more remote 
areas.  However, reports show that the trafficking has merely 
moved, not decreased.  NGOs have also been active in 
sensitization campaigns to target potential victims. These 
campaigns generally consist of a rally or conference, 
distribution of anti-trafficking paraphenalia, and publicity 
through the media. Unfortunately, due to insufficient record 
keeping, it is difficult to determine the number of people 
reached by these efforts, or whether these outreach efforts 
have dissuaded any potential victims. 
 
The government implemented an education reform plan called 
the Universal Basic Education (UBE) program, with the goal of 
improving facilities and establishing basic education 
standards.  The UBE is one attempt to make children less 
vulnerable to trafficking by keeping them in school. 
However, implementation of the UBE has been spotty. 
 
-- C. The government has several different methods to work 
with NGOs active in TIP.  The national stakeholder forum, 
established by NAPTIP in 2003, met monthly in each state and 
quarterly in the six regional zones, including Abuja, giving 
all organizations interested in TIP an opportunity to 
collaborate. The national forum includes representatives from 
state-level working groups, NGOs, and international agencies 
such as UNICEF, ILO, and IOM. The regional forums consist of 
local government officials, traditional rulers, police, 
immigration authorities, churches, and NGOs. Additionally, 
there were 29 state-level anti-trafficking committees, 
consisting of immigration officials, civil society 
organizations, law enforcement agents, and federal 
ministries. These groups were charged with coordinating 
action in trafficking cases and creating prevention programs 
on the local level.  Local NGOs and churches have a cordial 
relationship with NAPTIP, and the agency participates in NGO 
conferences and sometimes refers TIP victims to the NGOs for 
rehabilitative work.  In Benin City, NAPTIP often refers 
victims to Idia Renaissance and the Committee for the Support 
and Dignity of Women (COSUDOW). In Abuja, NAPTIP often relies 
on WOTCLEF for assistance with sheltering, education, and 
rehabilitation for victims.  NGOs work in a consultative 
manner with NAPTIP, but the agency makes the final decisions. 
 Some NGOs report being unaware of stakeholders' meetings or 
 
ABUJA 00000404  007 OF 008 
 
 
other developments. 
 
-- D. NAPTIP works closely with the Nigerian Immigration 
Service (NIS) to monitor trafficking patterns.  The NAPTIP 
Director of Investigations is a highly respected senior 
Immigration Officer who has direct access to the Comptroller 
General of Immigration.  NAPTIP's sensitization training has 
helped immigration authorities to recognize trafficking at 
the borders.  According to NAPTIP officials, the large flow 
of migrants across Nigeria's borders makes it difficult for 
NIS to tell the difference between trafficking and alien 
smuggling.  NAPTIP has been working with the American Bar 
Association (ABA) on conducting additional training at each 
border post around Nigeria to equip the officers on the 
ground better. With USG assistance, ABA is also helping 
NAPTIP with the development of a database of traffickers and 
their victims; once operational, the database will assist 
police and NIS in identifying potential suspects and victims. 
 Recent changes in immigration law tightening passport 
issuance are also expected to decrease trafficking. 
 
-- E. NAPTIP is made up of officers from both the Nigerian 
Immigration Service and the Nigeria Police Force, allowing 
for coordination between the agencies. However, NAPTIP is the 
lead agency and point of contact on all TIP issues. The 
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the 
Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offenses 
Commission (ICPC) handle issues of public corruption, and the 
EFCC is the lead prosecuting agency on corruption cases. 
 
-- F. A national plan of action was developed in 2006, but 
was never approved by the former President.  It is unclear 
whether the new president or his administration have seen the 
proposed national action plan or if such a plan will be 
disseminated. 
 
-- G. Although there are statues at both the federal and 
state levels criminalizing prostitution, the commercial sex 
industry is pervasive. 
 
-- H. N/A 
 
-- I. Many Nigerian peacekeeping troops undergo human rights 
training through Africa Contingency Operations Training and 
Assistance (ACOTA) seminars before deployment. 
 
--------------- 
ANTI-TIP HEROES 
--------------- 
-- Mr. Mohammed Babandede, Director of Investigation and 
Monitoring for NAPTIP has been with the agency since its 
inception and has dedicated his time (and sometimes his own 
money) to combating trafficking. His dedication and diligence 
have directly led to the 14 convictions NAPTIP has been able 
obtain over the years. 
 
-- Ms. Grace Osakue, co-founder and South-west coordinator of 
Girls' Power Initiative (GPI), and country coordinator for 
International Reproductive Rights Research Action Group 
(IRRRAG), works tirelessly to empower adolescent girls to 
help them develop into healthy, self-reliant, and productive 
women who will contribute to the further development of 
Nigeria as well. 
 
-------------- 
BEST PRACTICES 
-------------- 
-- NAPTIP has made efforts to collaborate with foreign 
governments in order to crack down on international 
trafficking rings. In coordination with countries such as the 
United Kingdom, France, Spain, Norway, Ireland, Italy, 
Belgium, and the Netherlands, NAPTIP assisted with the 
investigation and arrest of over 20 traffickers worldwide. 
NAPTIP realizes that trafficking is a global issue and 
eagerly attempts to work with their international colleagues 
to combat TIP. 
 
 
ABUJA 00000404  008 OF 008 
 
 
----------------------------------- 
CONTACT AND PREPARATION INFORMATION 
----------------------------------- 
Nyree Tripptree, Political Officer, Abuja 
Telephone: 234-9-461-4245 or 234-803-408-1071 
E-mail: tripptreena@state.gov 
 
Number of hours spent on preparation of the Nigeria TIP 
report: 
Chief of Mission: 1 
Deputy Chief of Mission: 1 
Political Counselor: 1 
Deputy Political Counselor: 1 
USAID Officers: 5 
INL Officer: 1 
PolOff Lagos: 10 
PolOff Abuja: 50 
SANDERS