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PP RUEHMA RUEHPA
DE RUEHUJA #1593/01 2070900
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 260900Z JUL 07 ZDK
FM AMEMBASSY ABUJA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0376
INFO RUEHZK/ECOWAS COLLECTIVE
RUEHWR/AMEMBASSY WARSAW 0471
RUEHCD/AMCONSUL CIUDAD JUAREZ 0471
RUEHOS/AMCONSUL LAGOS 7493
RHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHINGTON DC
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHINGTON DC
RUEKDIA/DIA WASHDC

UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 ABUJA 001593 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DOE FOR CAROLYN GAY 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREF NI
SUBJECT:  CONFLICT CONTINUES ON BENUE-TARABA BORDER 
 
REF: 01 ABUJA 3239 AND PREVIOUS 
 
ABUJA 00001593  001.2 OF 002 
 
 
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SUMMARY 
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¶1.  Since renewed fighting began along the Benue-Taraba boundary 
five weeks ago, no fewer than twenty people have died and at least 
five villages have been razed.  For decades the Tivs and Jukuns, the 
two ethnic groups residing along the border, have engaged in 
intermittent fighting and there is potential for more deaths and an 
increased number of internally displaced peoples within the region. 
Local leaders have appealed to both the state and federal government 
to intervene and send relief materials for the displaced families. 
 
 
 
 
 
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BACKGROUND 
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¶2.  There has been a long standing dispute between the Jukuns of 
Taraba State and the Tivs of Benue State with periodic fighting 
occurring since the late 1950's.  The two groups have found it 
increasingly difficult to coexist peacefully and violence escalated 
over the last decade.  The conflict centered on competition for 
land, economic resources and political power.  Political battles 
focused on the boundary between Benue and Taraba and the polarity of 
the ethnic groups gave way to physical violence and segregation as 
many Tivs fled their homes and villages to escape persecution by the 
Junkuns.  Due to the renewed violence, Tivs are once again fleeing 
from the border towns to Katsina-Ala and Gboko, both towns located 
in Benue State several miles from the fighting. 
 
 
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VIOLENCE IN 2001 
---------------------- 
¶3.  Following an outbreak of violence in October of 2001, the 
federal government deployed peacekeeping troops around the borders 
of Benue and Taraba at the request of then Taraba State Governor, 
Rev. Jolly Nyame.  On October 10, 2001, 19 soldiers were ambushed, 
captured and killed by a group of Tiv in the town of Vatse.  A few 
days later the soldiers' mutilated bodies were discovered in a 
primary school in the nearby town of Zaki-Biam, a Tiv stronghold in 
Benue State.  According to locals, the murders were prompted by 
previous incidents in which armed men in uniform attacked several 
Tiv communities.  There is a strong suspicion among Tivs that 
elements of the military are backing their Junkun rivals. 
 
¶4.  The murder of these 19 soldiers segued into a violent massacre 
at the end of October 2001 which led to the destruction of Zaki-Biam 
town in Benue State.  From October 22 through November 2, 2001, 
members of the Nigerian Army destroyed several Tiv villages, most 
notably Zaki-Biam, as part of a collective punishment campaign to 
avenge their 19 fallen comrades.  Retired General Victor Malu, a Tiv 
from Benue, accused Retired General T.Y.Danjuma, a Jukun from Taraba 
who was Minister for Defense then, of leading the onslaught on 
Zaki-Biam where General Malu's 80-year-old uncle and his entire 
family were burnt to death in their house.  In sum, no fewer than 
1,000 houses were destroyed in the operation that led to the killing 
of hundreds of people, the razing of more than 20 Tiv villages and 
the displacement of thousands of people. 
 
 
¶5.  A Judicial Commission of Inquiry convened on March 4, 2002 to 
investigate the incident. The panel published a report dated April 
7, 2003 that found the reprisal killings of the people of Benue 
State by the Nigerian Army unjustified and unconstitutional. Sadly, 
there are no indications that anyone has ever been or will ever be 
prosecuted for the murders.  However, On Thursday, July 5, 2007, 
Justice Lewis Allagoa of the Enugu High Court ordered the Federal 
Government to pay N41.8 billion to families of victims of the 2001 
Zaki-Biam massacre. The judge ordered that the amount be paid 
jointly by the defendants, including the Commander-In-Chief of the 
Armed Forces, the Chief of Army Staff and the Minister of Defense. 
The payments are to come from the current governments funding for 
those positions, leading many to believe an appeal by the federal 
government is expected. 
 
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RECENT VIOLENCE 
------------------- 
 
ABUJA 00001593  002.2 OF 002 
 
 
 
¶6.  The renewed violence along the Benue-Taraba boundary claimed 
nine lives the weekend of July 20 and people are once again fleeing 
from the border towns to Katsina-Ala and Gboko.   On Thursday, July 
19, a bus leaving Taraba State carrying youths to the western part 
of the country ran into an ambush set up by a group of Tiv.  The 
armed men reportedly opened fire on the bus, killing nine people and 
injuring others.  Seeking revenge, fighters from Taraba staged a 
reprisal attack on the Tiv communities along the border. However, 
the results of these attacks are unclear as the border communities, 
from Kwaghaondo Village in Benue State to Takum in Taraba State, are 
said to be completely deserted. The mass movement from the border 
area began two weeks ago with the alleged killing of two men in 
military uniform. The identity of the two murdered men has not been 
released, but the Tiv residents took flight to avoid any retaliation 
similar to the events of 2001.  Hundreds of people have been 
displaced in the last few weeks, creating a strain on the local 
economies and small towns that are not equipped for the influx of 
people. Spokesman for the affected Tiv communities, Mr. Edward 
Kwaghaondo, has appealed to the National Emergency Management Agency 
for relief materials for the displaced families. 
 
 
 
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COMMENT 
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¶7.  The news of the court-ordered compensation for the victims of 
the Zaki-Biam massacre is an encouraging step forward.  However, the 
fact that no perpetrators have ever been criminally prosecuted 
demonstrates the flaws that still remain in the justice system.  It 
is unclear at this time whether the July 5 ruling for compensation 
fuelled renewed violence, but Post will continue to monitor the 
situation.  Continued violence between the Tivs and Junkuns is 
likely and there is a possibility it could escalate.  It remains to 
be seen whether the Yar'Adua government will intervene and if they 
can broker peace rather than inflaming the conflict as happened in 
¶2001. 
 
GRIBBIN