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Viewing cable 07GUATEMALA772, INL DAS MCCAMPBELL MEETS WITH HUMAN RIGHTS LEADERS DURING

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07GUATEMALA772 2007-04-24 17:12 2011-08-26 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Guatemala
VZCZCXYZ0026
OO RUEHWEB

DE RUEHGT #0772/01 1141712
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O 241712Z APR 07
FM AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 2486
INFO RUEHZA/WHA CENTRAL AMERICAN COLLECTIVE
RUEABND/DEA HQS WASHDC
RUEHME/AMEMBASSY MEXICO 4164
RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA 0828
UNCLAS GUATEMALA 000772 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
SENSITIVE 
 
E.O. 12958:N/A 
TAGS: PHUM PGOV KJUS EAID SNAR KCRM KDEM GT
SUBJECT: INL DAS MCCAMPBELL MEETS WITH HUMAN RIGHTS LEADERS DURING 
GUATEMALA VISIT 
 
REF: A. GUATEMALA 0612 
 B. GUATEMALA 0494 
 C. GUATEMALA 0403 
 D. GUATEMALA 0375 
 E. GUATEMALA 0348 
 
Sensitive but unclassified.  Protect accordingly. 
 
1. (SBU) Summary:  INL Deputy Assistant Secretary Christy McCampbell 
met April 18 with UNHCHR, the Myrna Mack Foundation, and the Human 
Rights Ombudsman's Office during a four-day visit to Guatemala that 
also included meetings with the National Civilian Police and the new 
Minister of Government (septel).  UNHCHR criticized the Guatemalan 
government for having ignored the critical issue of public 
insecurity and for failing to develop the civilian police.  The 
Myrna Mack Foundation and the Human Rights Ombudsman's Office noted 
that although the murder rate has increased there has been no 
evidence that women have been targeted on the basis of their gender. 
 End summary. 
 
2. (SBU) During an April 18 meeting with INL Deputy Assistant 
Secretary Christy McCampbell, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 
 
SIPDIS 
(UNHCHR) Anders Kompass observed that public security has not 
improved.  He commented that, while the elite enjoy the luxury of 
private security guards, the common people continue to live in a 
constant state of insecurity.  The government has done very little 
to address the problem, and would have continued doing little had it 
not been for the high-profile, highly publicized murders of the 
Salvadoran parliamentarians in February (reftels). 
 
3. (SBU) Kompass described the current Administration as "lame duck" 
with "almost zero" credibility, and the appointment of the new 
Minister of Government as too late, with elections only a few months 
away, to bring about any significant change.  He stressed that 
change requires political will, democratic commitment, and 
resources, which the Administration lacks.  While UNHCR and the 
international community can provide technical support to strengthen 
institutional capacity, the Guatemalans themselves ultimately have 
to take responsibility. 
 
4. (SBU) Kompass cited the government's failure to invest in and 
support a professional civilian police force as "one of the worst 
failures since the signing of the Peace Accords."  He claimed that 
even prior to the Salvadoran murders it was widely rumored that the 
National Civilian Police (PNC) was more or less running a death 
squad with the knowledge of the former Minister of Government and 
the former head of police.  He pointed out that this extrajudicial 
police activity, despite some popular support, has led to widespread 
negative public perception and lack of public confidence in the 
police.  INL DAS McCampbell urged a more stringent system for 
recruiting, evaluating, and retaining police.  Kompass agreed that 
police reform is a necessity, but said the reality is that there is 
no one in the National Civilian Police with 20 years of experience 
who is clean and could assume a leadership role. 
 
5. (SBU) Kompass noted that while the military is better organized 
and more disciplined than the police, it still suffers from a 
lingering negative public image stemming from its role during the 
violent internal conflict and the lack of accountability for the 
abuses it committed during that period.  He warned that as long as 
the military establishment refuses to accept responsibility for its 
actions it "sends the wrong message." 
 
6. (SBU) In a separate meeting at the Human Rights Ombudsman's 
Office (PDH), Deputy Ombudsman Dunia de Leal described the PDH 
mission of defending and promoting human rights as critical because 
many Guatemalans do not know the extent of their rights or how to 
file a formal complaint.  She commented that during the internal 
conflict, the most common complaints were against the military, 
while now the most common complaints are against the police for 
abuse of authority or violations of the law. 
 
7. (SBU) De Leal noted that PDH recently presented a proposal to 
President Berger and Vice President Stein to purge and reform the 
police.  DAS McCampbell stressed that the USG is very supportive of 
the GOG initiative to vet all police officers, but noted the 
challenge of purging several thousand police officers, especially in 
a country with an already insufficient number of police officers to 
provide security. 
 
8. (SBU) Marco Ramirez, PDH Special Investigations consultant, cited 
impunity as the biggest problem in Guatemala.  He described a 
vicious cycle of ineffective investigations, resulting in few 
convictions, leading to the commission of more crimes, which in turn 
lead to loss of credibility and public confidence in government 
institutions, leading to weaker institutions, resulting in 
ineffective investigations.  He stressed that correct application of 
the law is fundamental to the rule of law and that PDH is working 
 
with churches and civil society to improve respect for the rule of 
law. 
 
9. (SBU) On the question of "femicide," De Leal pointed out that 
Guatemala has high numbers of female victims as in other Latin 
American countries, but she did not suggest that those murders were 
gender-motivated.  Carmen Aida Ibarra, Myrna Mack Foundation 
political coordinator, said that female murder victims, which 
totaled approximately 600 out of 6,000 murders in 2006, or ten 
percent, reflect just a portion of the many murders committed last 
year.  She noted that while there are many hypotheses regarding 
killings of women, there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that 
women are targeted.  Most are victims of common crime, which include 
crimes of passion and domestic violence, and of a pervasive culture 
of impunity that threatens every sector of society. 
 
10. (SBU) With regard to police abuses, Ibarra said the Foundation, 
as well as the UN Rapporteur, publicized the criminal behavior of 
police long before the Salvadoran murders.  She identified three 
categories of criminal police behavior:  ordinary crime, e.g., 
stopping a car and demanding a bribe; involvement in 
narcotrafficking and organized crime and use of the police structure 
to provide services; and "social cleansing," a non-institutional 
activity but tolerated or ignored by police leadership. 
 
11. (SBU) According to Ibarra, electoral violence and penetration by 
narcotrafficking and organized crime of political parties and 
campaigns are not new, but are again prominent topics because this 
year is an election year.  The problem, intensifying with each new 
election, is affecting the functioning of political parties and 
discouraging potential candidates from running or volunteering for 
campaigns, yet no one is addressing the problem, widely regarded as 
a problem for the State to address. 
 
12. (SBU) Ibarra has observed improvements since the signing of the 
Peace Accords despite the emergence of narcotrafficking and 
organized crime influences during the post-conflict period.  She 
pointed out that during the conflict the military regime controlled 
the country; now, Guatemala has a new Constitution, a new prison 
system, a new Constitutional Court, and reformed judicial 
institutions.  She said, however, that Guatemala must also change 
the political culture. 
 
13. (SBU) In describing its successes, Ibarra said the Foundation 
has worked with the Administration to strengthen the Supreme Court 
and the Attorney General's Office and to promote the International 
Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG), among other 
activities.  In 2006, the Foundation lobbied for passage of a law 
against organized crime, a law on private security services, and a 
law on the penitentiary system. 
 
DERHAM