VZCZCXYZ0035
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHNR #0200/01 0101400
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 101400Z JAN 07
FM AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6571
RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA 4085

UNCLAS NAIROBI 000200 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR AF/E MEYERS AND AF/RSA HARPOLE 
DEPT FOR DRL/IL TU DANG 
DEPT ALSO PASS TO DEPT OF LABOR ILAB FOR TINA MCCARTER 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958:  N/A 
TAGS: ELAB ECON PHUM PGOV KE
SUBJECT: UPDATE OF WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR REPORT FOR KENYA 
 
REF: 2006 STATE 184972 
 
¶1. The following is the updated text of the worst 
forms of child labor report for Kenya for 2006, as 
required under the Trade Act, for Department of Labor. 
 
Kenya 
 
Selected Child Labor Measures Adopted by Governments 
Ratified Convention 138 4/9/1979 U 
Ratified Convention 182 5/7/2001 U 
ILO-IPEC Member U 
National Plan for Children  No 
National Child Labor Action Plan Yes 
Sector Action Plan  No 
 
 
Incidence and Nature of Child Labor 
 
Although most available data is from the 1999 
national household survey, the Central Bureau of 
Statistics (CBS) plans to release the 2006 survey 
in January 2007 that should provide updated 
comprehensive statistics on child labor.  In early 
2006, the Government of Kenya (GOK) reported that 
1.9 million children, between the ages of 5-17, are 
working. Only 3.2% of these children have attained a 
secondary school education and 12.7% have no formal 
schooling at all.  (ILO: The End of Child Labor, May 
2006). An estimated 32.5% of children ages 5 to 14 
years in Kenya were counted as working in 2000. 
Approximately 34.7% of all boys 5 to 14 were working 
compared to 30.4% of girls in the same age group.2583 
Children living in rural areas were more likely to 
work than children living in urban areas.2584 
 
The commercial and subsistence agriculture, 
fishing and domestic service sectors employ the 
largest number of working children.2585 Children 
are found working on tea, coffee, sugar, and rice 
plantations, fishing boats, and in sand 
harvesting (quarrying).  Children also work in 
the informal sector, predominantly in family 
businesses.2586 There are large numbers of street 
children in Kenya's urban centers. Street 
children are often involved in illegal activities 
such as drug trafficking.2587 Child prostitution 
is widespread in Kenya, and takes place in bars, 
discos, brothels, massage parlors, and on the 
streets. 
 
The joint UNICEF/Ministry of Home Affairs 
research report released on December 19 2006, 
Extent and Effect of Sex Tourism and Sexual 
Exploitation of Children on the Kenyan Coast, 
found that 10-15,000 girls living in four main 
coastal resort areas are involved in casual sex 
work - up to 30% of all 12-18 year olds living in 
these areas.  A further 2-3,000 girls and boys, 
up to 45% whom have migrated from other parts of 
the country, are involved in full-time year round 
commercial sex activity.  39% of the clients were 
Kenyan, followed by Italian (18%), German (14%) 
and Swiss (12%).  Unemployment and poverty are 
prevalent on the Coast, and child sex tourism 
earns far more than available wage labor. 
Families turn a blind eye to, or even encourage, 
their daughters to engage in child sex tourism 
(CST), seeing foreign tourists as a potential 
long-term lifeline or path to relative 
prosperity.  The report notes the lack of 
investigation and prosecution of men, domestic or 
foreign, for CST and police corruption create a 
sense of impunity for clients and contributes to 
community acceptance of CST. 
 
The majority of children exploited in 
prostitution are between 13 and 17 years old.2588 
Poverty and an increased number of children 
orphaned by HIV/AIDS have contributed to a rise 
in the number of child prostitutes.2589 Many 
girls who hawk or beg during the day reportedly 
work as prostitutes at night.2590 In the 
agricultural sector, girls are sometimes forced 
to provide sexual services in order to obtain 
plantation work. Sudanese and Somali refugee 
children are also alleged to be involved in 
prostitution in Kenya.2591 Child labor is one of 
many problems associated with poverty. The 
proportion of the population living in poverty 
(less than USD 1 per day) has risen from about 
48.8% in 1990 to 56% in 2004 according to a 2004 
report by Society for International Development. 
 
Kenya is a source, transit, and destination 
country for child trafficking.2593 Poverty, the 
death of one or both parents, and self-interest 
may contribute to a family's decision to place a 
child in the hands of better-off relatives, 
friends, or acquaintances who may end up 
trafficking and/or exploiting the child. Child 
trafficking in Kenya occurs mainly through 
personal and familial networks.2594 Kenyan 
children are trafficked internally for sexual 
exploitation, as well as for work in street 
vending, agriculture, and forced domestic labor. 
Kenya's coastal area is a known destination for 
trafficked children.  Children are trafficked 
there to be sexually exploited in Kenya's growing 
sex tourism industry. Children from Burundi and 
Rwanda may have been trafficked to Kenya for 
sexual exploitation and domestic work.2595 
 
Primary education is free and schooling is 
compulsory through grade 12.  However, less than 
half of children who graduate from primary school 
continue on to secondary school.  The government 
has provided tuition-free primary education since 
2003.2596  As a result of this policy, first-time 
enrollment increased by between 1.1 million2597 
and 1.3 million children in the year following 
implementation.2598 Unintended results of the 
policy have included overcrowded classrooms due 
to increased enrollment, insufficient numbers of 
teachers, and inadequate financial resources. 
Enrolment in primary schools rose from 7.4 
million in 2004 to 7.6 million in 2005. 
 
According to the Kenyan Economic Survey 2006, 
primary schools gross enrollment ratio was about 
105% in 2005, while net enrollment ratio 
increased from 82.1% to 83.2% between 2004 and 
¶2005.  Gross and net enrollment ratios are based 
on the number of students formally registered in 
primary school and therefore do not necessarily 
reflect actual school attendance. In 2000, 74.9% 
of children ages 5 to 14 years were attending 
school.2600 As of 2001, 59% of children who 
started primary school were likely to reach grade 
5.2601 However, there remains a gender bias in 
school access, with girls reportedly experiencing 
greater difficulty in accessing education than 
boys.2602 As the government expands primary 
education, it faces the challenges of high 
numbers of overage students, lack of teachers in 
some areas or overworked teachers, teaching 
material shortages, large class sizes, lack of 
classrooms, and inadequate facilities.2603 
 
Child Labor Laws and Enforcement 
 
The Children's Act of 2001 prohibits all forms of 
child labor that are exploitative and hazardous, 
or that would prevent children under the age of 
16 from going to school.2604 However, this law 
does not apply to children who work in 
agriculture or as apprentices under the terms of 
the Industrial Training Act.2605  The worst forms 
of child labor may be prosecuted under different 
statutes in Kenya.  The Constitution prohibits 
forced and bonded labor, servitude, and 
slavery.2606 The Children's Act prohibits child 
sexual exploitation.2607 The Penal Code prohibits 
procurement of a girl under 21 for the purpose of 
unlawful sexual relations.2608 Kenya does not 
explicitly prohibit trafficking in persons, but 
the Penal Code criminalizes child commercial 
sexual exploitation, child labor, and the 
transportation of children for sale.2609  On July 
14, 2006, President Mwai Kibaki signed into law 
the Sexual Offenses Act, which specifically 
criminalizes trafficking for sexual exploitation, 
child trafficking, and promotion of child sex 
tourism and child prostitution, and imposes 
prison terms of 10-20 years and/or large fines. 
The Children's Act prohibits children under 18 
years from being recruited in armed conflicts or 
participating in hostilities.2610 
 
The Ministry of Labor and Human Resource 
Development is responsible for enforcing child 
labor legislation with its Child Labor Division, 
but is assisted by other departments and agencies 
when specific expertise is required.2611 Labor 
inspectors and occupational health and safety 
officers have been trained in child labor 
reporting2612 and labor inspection reports 
include findings on child labor.2613 According to 
the U.S. Department of State, the Ministry of 
Labor and Human Resource Development's 
enforcement of the minimum age law was 
minimal.2614 The Ministry of Labor and Human 
Resource Development has indicated that its 
inspectorate department, which is the main unit 
responsible for enforcing compliance, is 
understaffed.2615 As of late 2005, the Ministry's 
Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety 
Services only had 57 inspectors to cover the 
whole country.2616 The Department of Children's 
Services is responsible for the administration of 
all laws regarding children, conducts awareness- 
raising activities regarding children's rights, 
and manages child rehabilitation institutions. 
2617   The Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife's 
Hotel and Restaurant Authority (HRA), inspects 
and annually licenses all hotels, lodges and 
restaurants, sites where child sex tourism is 
rampant at Coastal resorts. 
 
The Government of Kenya is working with the 
International Organization for Migration to 
institutionalize  efforts to combat trafficking 
in persons.  On December 5, an inter-Ministerial 
meeting including the Office of the President, 
Home Affairs (MHA), Tourism and Wildlife, Foreign 
Affairs, Justice and Constitutional Affairs, 
Gender, and Education, plus the Police, and 
Attorney General agreed that MHA should lead the 
anti-TIP Steering Committee and the Task Force to 
draft a National Plan of Action.  On January 5, 2007, 
Vice President and Minister of Home Affairs Moody Awori 
released new child welfare guidelines that create Area 
Advisory Councils in the country.  The councils are to 
ensure that charitable children's institutions are 
managed in line with stipulated regulations. 
 
Kenya has adopted stricter border controls, and 
established a Human Trafficking Unit (HTU) of the 
Kenyan police.  As of December 2006, the HTU had 
not conducted any investigations into trafficking 
cases.  However, in late 2006, Kenya shifted the 
HTU into a new Community Policing, Gender and 
Children's Protection Unit led by a Deputy 
Commissioner of Police who expressed enthusiasm 
to the Embassy TIP officer about covering TIP. 
 
Current Government Policies and Programs to 
Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor 
 
In February 2006, the government renewed the 
three-year mandate for the National Steering 
Committee on the Elimination of Child Labor. 
Members include the Attorney General, eight 
ministries, representatives of children welfare 
organizations, and non-governmental organizations, 
unions and employers. An Inter-Ministerial 
Coordination Committee on Child Labor chaired by 
the Vice President is responsible for setting 
general policy.  The government's National 
Development Plan for 2002-2008 recognizes child 
labor as a problem and calls for an evaluation of 
the impact of child labor on the individual and 
the country, as well as its implications on the 
quality of the future labor force.2621  Kenya's 
National Policy on Child Labor aims at strengthening 
the framework for coordination, monitoring and 
initiating realistic strategies for preventing, 
protecting, rehabilitating and reintegrating 
children from child labor, especially in its worst 
forms, and providing access to alternative forms 
of education and skills training for sustainable 
livelihoods.  The National Steering Committee met 
with stakeholders to review the updated policy and 
discuss the National Plan of Action in September, 
and the Inter-Ministerial Coordinating Committee 
is reviewing the recommendations from the Steering 
Committee. 
 
The GOK is taking part in a 3-year, USD 5.3 
million USDOL-funded ILO-IPEC regional project 
aimed at building capacity to eliminate the worst 
forms of child labor .2622 The government also 
participates in a 4-year, USD 5 million USDOL 
funded Timebound Program implemented by ILO-IPEC 
that focuses on withdrawing and preventing 
children from engaging in domestic service; 
commercial sex; commercial and subsistence 
agriculture; fishing and pastoralism; as well as 
informal sector street work.2623  The Ministry of 
Labor and Human Resource Development, through its 
district labor officers and inspectors, plays an 
important role in the child labor committees 
established by ILO/IPEC NGO partners in 10 
districts and five cities.  In partnership with 
the ILO, the government removes children from the 
street and provides them with educational and 
vocational training.2624 Kenya is also part of a 
USDOL-funded regional project that aims to 
improve access to and quality of basic, 
technical, and vocational education and training 
for HIV/AIDS-affected children who are working or 
at risk of working in the worst forms of child 
labor.2625 The government also took part in a 
Swedish-funded ILO-IPEC project on child labor in 
domestic work, which ended in June 2005.2626 
Kenya also participated in two Dutch-funded 
inter-regional ILOIPEC projects which focused on 
combating child labor with educational 
interventions.2627  The government also 
participated in a USDOL-funded ILO-IPEC East 
Africa Commercial Agriculture project, which 
ended in May 2005.2628 
 
In 2005, the Kenyan Ministry of Tourism and 
Wildlife, UNICEF, the World Tourism Organization, 
and ECPAT worked with hotels and tour operators 
to increase their awareness of child prostitution 
and sex tourism and to develop a Code of Conduct 
to combat child sex tourism and protect 
children.2629 In 2004, the government implemented 
a new program requiring owners of tourist 
guesthouses to register all workers,2630 partly 
to deter sex tourism.2631 Subsequently, eight 
guesthouses were closed due to violations and the 
government provided assistance to seven foreign 
children.2632   Beginning in 2005, the Ministry 
of Tourism mounted a campaign to register villas 
and cottages, putting them under the same 
strictures and requirements as hotels, and 
encouraging them to participate in the ECPAT Code 
of Conduct initiative.2633  By August 2006, about 
1,200 were registered.  In February 2006, 30 
hotels on the Coast, which is the destination of 
many of the tourists visiting Kenya, signed the 
ECPAT Code of Conduct.  The Ministry of Tourism 
and Wildlife and the Kenya Association of 
Hoteliers and Caterers intend to see all hotel 
operators and other tourism and hospitality firms 
sign and implement the Code, but there were no 
further signups in 2006.  The Ministry of Tourism 
and Wildlife plans to make implementation of the 
Code a condition for annual licensing of hotels, 
lodges and restaurants by the Hotel and 
Restaurant Authority. 
 
Vice President and Minister of Home Affairs Awori 
publicly accepted the UNICEF report on child sex 
tourism, urged wider hospitality industry 
participation in the ECPAT Code, and pledged the 
government would work with UNICEF to develop 
long-term strategies for child protection and 
social/behavioral changes.  The 2006-2007 budget 
authorized the Ministry of Home Affairs Child 
Protection Department to hire an additional 160 
children's officers, most of whom will be posted 
to the field. 
 
Government officials, prosecutors, and police 
also attended training workshops on human 
trafficking conducted by the American Bar 
Association.2634 The government provides shelter 
and medical care to street children working in 
commercial sexual exploitation.2635  The 
government and ILO-IPEC are also working to 
improve a database on abused children, 
particularly those who are working.2636 
 
Education sector reforms undertaken by the 
government include the promotion of the free 
primary education policy, good governance and 
school management, as well as the review and 
development of the curriculum.2637 The Government 
of Kenya has also received support from UNICEF to 
raise the enrollment and primary completion rates 
of girls.2638 The Government of Kenya is 
currently receiving support from the Education 
for All Fast Track Initiative to achieve its 
goal of implementing universal quality primary 
education.2639 To support the government's policy 
of free primary education, the World Bank is 
providing USD 50 million, the majority of which 
will be used to expand the Government of 
Kenya/British Department for International 
Development textbook program. World Bank funds 
will also be used for activities such as teacher 
development and enhancing school accounting 
policies.2640 The U.S. Department of Agriculture 
is also providing funds to support nutritious 
school meals for children.2641 
 
2583 UCW analysis of ILO SIMPOC, UNICEF MICS, and 
World Bank surveys, Child Economic Activity and 
School Attendance Rates, October 7, 2005. 
Reliable data on the worst forms of child labor 
are especially difficult to collect given the 
often hidden or illegal nature of the worst 
forms, such as the use of children in the illegal 
drug trade, prostitution, pornography, and 
trafficking. As a result, statistics and 
information on children's work in general are 
reported in this section. Such statistics and 
information may or may not include the worst 
forms of child labor. For more information on the 
definition of working children and other 
indicators used in this report, please see the 
"Data Sources and Definitions" section of this 
report. 
 
Footnotes 
 
2584 Central Bureau of Statistics--Ministry of 
Finance and Planning, The 1998/99 Child Labor 
Report, September 2001, 34; available from 
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/i pec/ 
simpoc/kenya/report/ken98.pdf. 
2585 Ibid., 37. 
2586 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on 
Human Rights Practices- 2004: Kenya, Washington, 
DC, February 28, 2005, Section 6d; available from 
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/416 09.htm 
2587 Ibid., Section 5. HIV/AIDS and poverty are 
thought to have contributed to a rise in the 
number of orphans and street children. See 
Commonwealth News and Information Service, Better 
Care Needed for Children Orphaned by HIV/Aids in 
Kenya, [previously online] April 21, 2004 [cited 
May 13, 2004]; available from 
http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/200404 2108 
95.html [hard copy on file]. 
2588 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports- 
2004: Kenya, Sections 5 and 6d. See ECPAT 
International 
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net (Kenya; 
accessed June 1, 2005). 
2589 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports- 
2004: Kenya, Section 5. 
2590 ECPAT International CSEC Database, (Kenya; 
accessed June 1, 2005). 
2591 Ibid. 
2592 World Bank, World Development Indicators 
2005 [CD-ROM], Washington, DC, 2005. 
2593 U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in Persons 
Report, Washington, DC, June 3, 2005; available from 
http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2005/46 614.htm. 
2594 U.S.Embassy- Nairobi official, email 
communication to USDOL official, August 11, 2006. 
2595 U.S. Embassy- Nairobi official, email 
communication to USDOL official, August 11, 2006. 
See also U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in Persons 
Report, Washington, DC, June 3, 2005; available From 
http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2005/46 614.htm. 
2596 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports-2004: 
Kenya, Section 5. See also UN Commission on Human 
Rights, Kenya's Statement at the 61st Session on the 
Commission on Human Rights, Agenda Item 13: Rights of 
the Child, 61st, April 7, 2005; available from 
http://www.unchr.info/61st/docs/0408-Item13-K enya.pdf. 
2597 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports-2004: 
Kenya, Section 5. 2598 See Statement by Kenya 2005, 3. 
See also UNICEF, Harry Belafonte urges all countries to 
end school fees, New York, February 18, 2004; available 
from http://www.unicef.org/media/media_19262.html. 
2599 UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/TableViewer/table View 
.aspx?ReportId=51 
(Gross and Net Enrolment Ratios, Primary; 
accessed December 2005). 
2600 UCW analysis of ILO SIMPOC, UNICEF MICS, and 
World Bank surveys, Child Economic Activity 
and School Attendance Rates. 
2601 UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/TableViewer/table View 
.aspx?ReportId=55 
(School life expectancy, % of repeaters, survival 
rates; accessed December 2005). 
2602 School completion rates for girls have 
increased, and the Government of Kenya has 
reported that the 
completion rate among girls is higher than that 
for boys. Kenya CRC Coalition, Supplementary 
Report to Kenya's First Country Report on the 
Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights 
of the Child, Nairobi, March 2001, 5. 
2603 Integrated Regional Information Networks 
(IRIN), "Kenya: Feature: The challenge of 
providing free primary education", IRINnews.org, 
[online], February 7, 2003 [cited June 23, 2005]; 
available from 
http://www.irinnews.org/print.asp?ReportID=32 164. 
See also UNESCO-Nairobi Office, "Kenya launches 
mass literacy," EFA News No. 4 (May, 2003); 
available from 
http://www.unesco.org/education/efa/news_en/2 8.05 
.03_kenya.shtml. 
2604 U.S. Embassy- Nairobi, reporting, August 15, 
¶2003. See also ILO NATLEX National Labor Law 
Database, Children Act, 2001 (No.8 of 2001); 
accessed June 23, 2005; available from 
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.h ome. 
2605 See U.S. Department of State, Country 
Reports- 2004: Kenya, Section 6d. 
2606 The Constitution of Kenya, Revised Edition; 
available from 
http://kenya.rcbowen.com/constitution/. 
2607 Integrated Regional Information Network, 
"Kenya: Focus on New Legislation and Hopes for 
Child Welfare", IRINnews.org, [online], March 1, 
2002 [cited June 23, 2005]; available from 
http://www.irinnews.org/print.asp?ReportID=23 483. 
2608 Government of Kenya, Penal Code, [previously 
online], Section 147; available from 
http://209.190.246.239/protectionproject/stat utes 
PDF/Kenya1.pdf [hard copy on file]. See also 
ECPAT International CSEC Database, (Kenya; 
accessed June 1, 2005). 
2609 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports- 
2004: Kenya, Section 5. 
2610 The Children's Act of 2001 also states that 
it is the government's responsibility to protect, 
rehabilitate, and re-integrate child victims of 
armed conflict into society. Coalition to Stop 
the Use of Child Soldiers, Child Soldiers Global 
Report 2004: Kenya, London, November 17, 2004; 
available from http://www.childsoldiers. 
org/document_get.php?id=966. 
2611 The Child Labor Division is staffed by 10 
officers. Central Bureau of Statistics--Ministry 
of Finance and Planning, The 1998/99 Child Labor 
Report, 7. See also U.S. Embassy- Nairobi, 
reporting, August 23, 2004. U.S. Embassy- 
Nairobi, reporting, September 14, 2005. 
2612 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports- 
2004: Kenya, Section 6d. 
2613 Ibid. 
2614 Ibid. 
2615 U.S. Embassy- Nairobi official, email 
communication to USDOL official, August 11, 2006. 
2616 Ibid. See also U.S. State Department 
official, email communication to USDOL official, 
August 18, 2006. 
2617 Central Bureau of Statistics--Ministry of 
Finance and Planning, The 1998/99 Child Labor 
Report, 7. 
2618 U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in 
Persons Report. 
2619 Ibid. 
2620 U.S. Embassy- Nairobi official, email 
communication to USDOL official, August 11, 2006. 
2621 ILO-IPEC, Technical Progress Report: 
Prevention, withdrawal, and rehabilitation of 
children engaged 
in hazardous work in commercial agriculture in 
Kenya, Geneva, August 29, 2002, 3. 
2622 The project's core countries also include 
Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zambia. ILO-IPEC, 
Building the Foundations for Eliminating the 
Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa, 
project document, Geneva, September 24, 2002. 
2623 The project supports the National Plan of 
Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of 
Child Labor in Kenya. See ILO-IPEC, Supporting 
the National Plan of Action for the Elimination 
of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Kenya, 
project document, Geneva, September 30, 2004. 
2624 U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in 
Persons Report. 
2625 World Vision, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and 
Ethiopia Together (KURET) Initiative, project 
document, Federal Way, July 18, 2005. 
2626 ILO-IPEC official, email communication to 
USDOL official, November 8, 2005. 
2627 One project was funded at USD 2.47 million 
and ended in December 2005, while the other, 
which focuses on child domestic workers, was 
funded at USD 391,615 and is slated to end in 
February 2006. 
Ibid. 
2628 ILO-IPEC, Prevention, withdrawal and 
rehabilitation of children engaged in hazardous 
work in the commercial agricultural sector in 
Africa, project document, Geneva, September 28, 
¶2000. 
2629 U.S. Embassy- Nairobi official, email 
communication to USDOL official, August 11, 2006. 
2630 U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in 
Persons Report 2005. 
2631 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports- 
2004: Kenya, Section 5. 
2632 U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in 
Persons Report. 
2633 U.S. Embassy- Nairobi official, email 
communication to USDOL official, August 11, 2006. 
2634 U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in 
Persons Report. 
2635 Ibid. 
2636 U.S. Embassy- Nairobi, reporting, August 23, 2004. 
2637 Republic of Kenya, Millennium Development 
Goals: Progress Report for Kenya, 2003; available from 
http://www.undp.org/mdg/kenya.pdf. 
2638 UNICEF, At a glance: Kenya, in UNICEF, 
[online] n.d. [cited June 23, 2005]; available 
From http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya.htm l. 
2639 World Bank, Education for All Fast Track 
Initiative: Frequently Asked Questions, World 
Bank, [online] October 14, 2005 [cited January 
17, 2006]; available from 
http://www1.worldbank.org/education/efafti/fa q.asp. 
2640 World Bank Projects Database, 
http://www.worldbank.org (Free Primary Education 
Support Project; accessed September 23, 2005). 
2641 U.S. Department of State, U.S. Funds Will 
Provide School Meals in Latin America, Caribbean, 
Press release, Washington, D.C., August 17, 2004; 
available from 
http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.htm l?p= 
washfileenglish&y=2004&m=August&x=20040817152 631A 
EneerG0.8231623&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html 
 
RANNEBERGER