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Viewing cable 06ULAANBAATAR682, CODEL KOLBE DISCUSSES DPRK REFUGEE ISSUES, MORE

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06ULAANBAATAR682 2006-09-12 07:53 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL//NOFORN Embassy Ulaanbaatar
VZCZCXYZ0013
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHUM #0682/01 2550753
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
R 120753Z SEP 06
FM AMEMBASSY ULAANBAATAR
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0346
INFO RUEHBK/AMEMBASSY BANGKOK 1369
RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 5230
RUEHMO/AMEMBASSY MOSCOW 1595
RUEHUL/AMEMBASSY SEOUL 2453
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 2236
RHEFHLC/DEPT OF HOMELAND SECURITY WASHINGTON DC
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
C O N F I D E N T I A L ULAANBAATAR 000682 
 
SIPDIS 
 
NOFORN 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR EAP/CM, H, PRM 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/12/2016 
TAGS: PREL PHUM PREF EAID MG KN KS
SUBJECT: CODEL KOLBE DISCUSSES DPRK REFUGEE ISSUES, MORE 
WITH MONGOLIAN GIA OFFICIALS 
 
 
Classified By: Deputy Chief of Mission Brian L. Goldbeck for reasons 1. 
5(B) and (D) 
 
1. (C/NF) SUMMARY: Mongolian General Intelligence Agency 
(GIA) officials told visiting CODEL Kolbe that since 1998 
Mongolia had facilitated the resettlement in South Korea of 
1,976 North Koreans and that 136 were presently in Mongolia 
being processed. To date, all North Koreans crossing into 
Mongolia from China have asked to be resettled in South 
Korea.  GIA officials said Mongolia does not consider the 
North Koreans to be "refugees," noting Mongolia has not 
signed -- and does not intend to sign -- the UN Convention on 
the Status of Refugees (UNCSR).  Rather, consistent with its 
obligations under the UN Human Rights Declaration, Mongolia 
provides humanitarian assistance to North Koreans migrants, 
helping them to resettle in South Korea.  It is Mongolian 
policy not to permit North Korean migrants to remain 
permanently -- in camps or otherwise -- in Mongolia. A senior 
GIA official noted that, if they wished to go to South Korea, 
the U.S., or elsewhere, they could do so.  Interestingly, GIA 
officials said the GOM has not signed the UNCSR for fear that 
doing so would open it to a large influx of Chinese 
"economic" refugees.  (Note:  Mongolia is extremely wary of 
China and Chinese influence, to the extent of limiting the 
number of Chinese permitted to reside in Mongolia to less 
than 20,000.  End Note.)  Kolbe noted the U.S. Congress has 
expressed its willingness to accept North Korean refugees. 
Kolbe also urged caution regarding North Korean 
money-laundering and counterfeiting operations, and GIA 
officials noted they had cooperated fully with U.S. Embassy 
officials in this regard.  GIA officials also sought 
increased intelligence and information exchange regarding 
potential Islamic fundamentalist concerns.  END SUMMARY. 
 
2. (C/NF)  Chairman Jim Kolbe, accompanied by the Ambassador, 
Representatives Crenshaw and Baird, three staffers, FSN 
interpreter, and DCM (notetaker), met, at the CODEL's 
request, September 1 with officials from Mongolia's General 
Intelligence Agency.  (NOTE:  Other meetings for Kolbe's 
September 1-3 visit to follow by septel.)  After 
congratulating Mongolia on its 800th anniversary, Chairman 
Kolbe opened the meeting by thanking the Government of 
Mongolia (GOM) for its active participation in the war on 
terrorism, in particular for its participation in the 
coalitions in Iraq and Afghanistan.  Turning to the issue of 
North Korean refugees, Kolbe said he understood this was a 
sensitive issue for the GOM, adding that Congress appreciated 
Mongolia's humanitarian assistance efforts in this regard. 
Kolbe said Congress had expressed its willingness, through 
the North Korean Human Rights Act, to accept North Korean 
refugees in the U.S.  Kolbe said he was aware of some 
practical difficulties in this process, such as the lack of a 
US Department of Homeland Security representative at Embassy 
Ulaanbaatar and the limited number of international flights 
and destinations in and out of Mongolia. 
 
3. (C/NF)  In response, Mr. Jargalsaikhan, the GIA's Deputy 
Chief, replied that Mongolia does not see the North Koreans 
as "refugees," but rather as illegal migrants.  Mongolia has 
not signed the UN Refugee Convention.  But Mongolia 
recognizes and fulfills its responsibilities for these people 
as part of its International Human Rights Convention 
responsibility.  The first North Koreans began arriving in 
1998, when six arrived.  The number had risen to 644 in 2005 
and, to date in 2006, some 358 North Koreans had transited 
Mongolia, of which 136 were currently in Mongolia in 
processing for resettlement in South Korea.  Altogether, 
Mongolia has facilitated the resettlement in South Korea of 
1,976 North Koreans, he said.  He repeatedly stressed the GOM 
saw this as a humanitarian, not a refugee, matter. 
Jargalsaikhan indicated Mongolia would not force DPRK 
refugees to return to the DPRK, intimating that neither does 
Mongolia wish them to stay in Mongolia.  He added that if 
they wished to go to South Korea, the U.S., or elsewhere, 
they could do so. 
 
4. (C/NF) As to processing of DPRK refugees, the GOM does not 
ask those presenting themselves at the border either their 
origin or destination, but turns them over to ROK authorities 
in Mongolia who conduct the vetting and processing of these 
people for onward resettlement in South Korea, to date, the 
ultimate destination for all such people. There had been 
 
cases of Chinese ethnic Koreans misrepresenting themselves as 
North Koreans.  The average stay for North Koreans in 
Mongolia before moving on to South Korea was about three or 
four months, he said. Asked who maintains the facilities in 
which the North Koreans remain pending departure, 
Jargalsaikhan said the South Korean Government pays for some 
costs and the GOM pQs for housing and guard costs.  The most 
common entry point is the porous and isolated southern and 
southeastern border with China, across the Gobi Desert. North 
Koreans walk across the border, most often in organized 
groups with the assistance of NGOs or corrupt Chinese border 
officials.  There were cases of some getting lost and 
perishing in the desert.  Asked why Mongolia did not ratify 
the UN Convention on Refugees, Jargalsaikhan replied that 
Mongolia was sparsely populated, so "just imagine the numbers 
that might come from China," given China's over-population 
and lack of farm land. 
 
5. (C/NF)  Congressman Kolbe also noted that North Korea 
maintained an Embassy in Ulaanbaatar and that North Korean 
currency counterfeiting was an on-going concern. 
Jargalsaikhan said the GOM was aware of the problem and was 
watching it closely; the GOM had cooperated with the Embassy 
in a recent case in which $1 million in U.S. dollars and 2 
million Japanese Yen had been carried into the country by 
North Korean couriers.  He said close liaison had been 
maintained with U.S. Embassy reps, who expressed satisfaction 
at the GOM's cooperation.  (Note: The Mongolians intercepted 
the currency and allowed USSS and Japanese authorities to 
examine it before it was returned to the North Koreans.  None 
of the currency was counterfeit. End Note.) 
 
6. (C/NF)  Asked how else the USG and the GOM might 
cooperate, Jargalsaikhan said some training was already being 
provided, but that the GOM would welcome greater intelligence 
and information exchanges on Islamic activities.  There were 
reports that in recent years Islamic radicals were seeking 
inroads in Mongolia.  Questioned as to whom and how many, 
Jargalsaikhan said some from "Arabic" countries and Turkey. 
He acknowledged that, to date, there had been no terrorist 
attacks against the GOM. 
 
7. (C/NF)  COMMENT:  This is the first time post has been 
told that concern about being overwhelmed by Chinese 
immigrants/refugees (presumably referring to the 4.8 million 
ethnic Mongolians in Inner Mongolia) underpinned its decision 
not to sign on to the UNCSR, given Mongolia's small 
population of 2.83 million spread over a landmass the size of 
Alaska.  END COMMENT. 
 
8. (SBU/NF)  GIA attendees:  Mr. Jargalsaikhan, GIA Deputy 
Chief, Mr. Altansukh, Section Chief, Mr. Myagmardorj, Deputy 
Director of Department, Mr. Dashzeveg, Deputy Director of 
Department, Mr. Dulguun, Interpreter. 
 
9. (U)  CODEL Kolbe departed and did not have the opportunity 
to clear this cable. 
GOLDBECK