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Viewing cable 10BAKU63, IRAN: CHILD MALNUTRITION, DRUG USE, DRUG LABS

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
10BAKU63 2010-02-01 09:05 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Baku
VZCZCXYZ0000
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHKB #0063/01 0320905
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
R 010905Z FEB 10
FM AMEMBASSY BAKU
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 2316
INFO RUCNIRA/IRAN COLLECTIVE
RUEHIT/AMCONSUL ISTANBUL 0205
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0356
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
RHMFISS/CDR USCENTCOM MACDILL AFB FL
RHMFISS/CDR USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHINGTON DC
RUEKDIA/DIA WASHDC
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHDC
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC
C O N F I D E N T I A L BAKU 00063 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 01/29/2020 
TGS: PHUM, SNAR, PGOV, ECON, UN, AF, AJ, IR 
SUBJECT: IRAN: CHILD MALNUTRITION, DRUG USE, DRUG LABS 
AFFLICT URBAN POOR 
 
REF: A. A) 2009 BAKU 942 
     B. B) 2009 BAKU 478 
     C. C) 2009 BAKU 406 
     D. D) 2009 BAKU 178 
     E. AND PREVIOUS 
 
Classified By: Pol/Econ Counselor Rob Garverick, Reasons 1.4 (B and D) 
 
Summary 
-------- 
 
1.  (C) Baku Iran Watcher met with a two Iranian NGO leaders 
who focus on children's rights and drug addiction problems in 
poor areas on Tehran and other cities.  Among other 
activities the NGO operates child-feeding programs that 
support approximately 4,000 families.  The pair work in some 
of the poorest urban neighborhoods in Tehran, and have 
first-hand insights into recent social, economic, and 
political conditions in these urban areas. 
 
2.  (C) The pre-eminent problems they cited included rising 
child malnutrition and drug addiction (both allegedly 
becoming more prevalent in urban vice rural areas); poor 
living conditions and lack of access to schooling for "many 
thousands" of Afghan refugee children, as w3ell as many poor 
Iranian children; and the existence of a de facto 
narco-culture in many poor urban areas, in which "warrens" of 
under- and above-ground drug laboratories amount to a cottage 
industry.  In some urban areas, they claimed, hard drugs are 
both easier to get and cheaper than bread.  While much of 
this information coincides with previously reported 
allegations and anecdotal evidence, this is the first time 
Iran watcher has had access to knoledgeable eyewitness 
testimony concerning these conditions. End Summary. 
 
Iranian NGO Fights Child Malnutrition, Addiction 
--------------------------------------------- ---- 
 
3.  (C) Abbas and Maryam run a noted Tehran-based "children's 
rights" secular NGO offering assistance to needy children in 
the poorest parts of Tehran, and in the cities of Kermanshah, 
Shiraz, and Zabul (near the Afghan border).  They met with 
Baku Iran watcher during a visit to Baku associated with an 
upcoming United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 
conference in New York, which they will attend. 
 
4.  (C) Their main facility, "Iran House" (Khaneh Irani) in 
South Tehran, runs a feeding and educational support program 
for malnourished children (certified as such by the NGO's 
medical committee).  This is also the main function of their 
non-Tehran branches, the largest of which (in Zabul) feeds 
the children of 2,000 families a day.  The couple said that 
funding and in-kind donations for this effort comes from 
private contributions, grants, food companies, and similar 
non-governmental sources.  Many of their workers are 
volunteers from the faculties and student bodies of Iranian 
universities. 
 
5.  (C) Their Iran House NGO also combats child malnutrition 
and child drug addiction through public awareness media 
activities, publications (some of which they displayed), 
street campaigns, and outreach offices staffed by volunteers 
in South and East Tehran.  It also runs educational tutoring 
and big brother/big sister programs for children of 
prisoners, child refugees, and others denied access to 
Iranian schools for economic or legal reasons.  It has 
recently begun a program counseling female runaways 
(including abused women and child brides), working (due to 
political and social sensitivities) through a spin-off NGO 
separate from the Iran House facility. 
 
6.  (C) Iran House has been operating for more than twelve 
years, and Maryam claimed that the NGO enjoys guarded 
acceptance in poor neighborhood both from residents and the 
authorities, though relations with elements of both are 
sometimes tense.  She noted that some of their activities 
were recently profiled on the Voice of America's Persian 
service.  She added that UNESCO has invited her to 
Afghanistan to consult with Afghan NGOs on operating simlar 
centers there. 
 
Urban Child Malnutrition Increasing 
----------------------------------- 
 
7.  (C) The couple said that child malnutrition is a growing 
problem in poor parts of large Iranian urban areas.  Maryam 
asserted that large numbers of children in these areas are 
significantly underweight and unable to go to school because 
of parental abuse, physical weakness, and/or lack of funds. 
She cited food price inflation, unemployment, parental 
neglect (greatly exacerbated by widespread adult drug 
addiction), and lack of effective social infrastructure as 
among the underlying causes of this problem.  She complained 
that neither the Iranian government nor international 
organization are focusing on this issue, the latter in part 
because (for bureaucratic or national pride reasons) the 
government resists suggestions that it seek assistance from 
or even consult with the World Food Program or similar 
organizations on this problem. 
 
Official School Milk Program: Just a Corruption Cow 
--------------------------------------------- ------ 
8.  (C) Maryam noted that Iran lacks any effective 
state-supported "Head Start" - type educational or school 
feeding program for needy children.  While a publicized 
state-run free milk program for needy schoolchildren exists 
on paper, Maryam claimed that this program is nonexistent in 
reality.  "In ten years of work, I have never heard of a 
single child receiving free milk from this program," She 
said.  She and her husband suggested that whatever funds are 
officially budgeted for the state program are either 
channeled elsewhere, or swallowed up by corruption. (Note: In 
a separate conversation, another Iranian reminisced that 
during the Shah's time every child got free milk and bread in 
school.  "How far we have fallen," he said.  End Note). 
 
Malnutrition Trends: Rural Down, Urban Up? 
------------------------------------------ 
 
9.  (C) The couple added that Iranian child malnutrition is 
increasingly an urban, rather than a rural, problem.  Among 
other factors they attributed this trend to effective rural 
health programs not extended to cities; superior rural social 
support systems and traditions; and lower incidence of rural 
as compared to urban heroin addiction. As a result, Maryam 
argued, child malnutrition has fallen in rural areas while 
worsening in urban neighborhoods. 
 
10.  (C) She added that, while rural drug addiction is also 
severe, the most utilized narcotic remains opium, which she 
compared favorably to heroin in terms of its affects on 
families and children: unlike heroin derivatives, she 
observed, "opium addiction doesn't usually keep people from 
working or acting as parents, and doesn't spread HIV and 
hepatitis."  In contrast, she said, opium is rapidly 
disappearing as a drug of choice in urban areas. 
 
School's Out for Many Afghan Kids 
--------------------------------- 
 
11.  (C) The couple also discussed challenges faced by Afghan 
refugee children in Iran, asserting that many are unable to 
attend schools because they aren't eligible for free 
schooling, can't pay school fees, anddon't gain credit for 
prior Afghan schooling.  Se said that many of these and 
other children and urban poor live in shanty towns made up of 
metal and cloth scraps and boxes; the less lucky live on the 
streets. She said that there are thousands of Afghan 
children, with and without parents, concentrated in Tehran 
and cities near the Afghan border, such as Zabul (where her 
NGO runs its largest child feeding and tutoring program). 
 
Child Drug Addiction Increasing 
------------------------------- 
 
12.  (C) The couple also expressed concern at growing child 
drug addiction as a contributing factor to malnutrition, and 
as a destructive element in its own right.  Maryam claimed 
that three million people in Tehran are hard (as opposed to 
recreational) drug users, or have one in their immediate 
family.  She noted that his is not only a problem of poor 
families: "drugs are available on every block, and every 
 
(junior high school and above) in Tehran has a drug supplier 
inside the school."  She asserted that child use of heavy 
narcotics is particularly prevalent in poorer areas of East 
and South Tehran.  She added that in the areas where her NGO 
works &sixty to seventy percent of all adult addicts use 
Iranian Crack (a heroin derivative), and use children to 
support their habit.  Now children are also smoking it.8 
She commented that serious users quickly become a burden to 
their families, often become unable to work or function 
productively, and frequently die from the corrosive direct or 
indirect effects of their habit within three years. 
 
Narcotics "Easier to Buy Than Bread" 
------------------------------------ 
 
13.  (C) The couple said that public use of narcotics by 
adults and children in South and East Tehran is increasingly 
a common sight, and showed as an example a daytime photo of 
two 12-ish looking boys openly smoking what appeared to be 
crack heroin on the side of a street.  They also showed some 
posters and a magazine put out by their organization as part 
of its effort to raise public awareness of the social damage 
caused by drug addiction, and the need to combat its spread. 
 
14.  (C) Maryam claimed that narcotics prices are decreasing 
even while bread prices are going up.  She asserted that in 
some areas "it's easier and cheaper to buy narcotics than 
bread."  She claimed that the government is doing little to 
stem the tide of drug addiction among the poor, and may even 
regard it favorably as a useful, social dampening/control 
device.  (Comment: We frequently hear this conspiratorial, 
paranoid-sounding allegation from Iranians, including some 
who consider themselves overall regime supporters.  True or 
not, this charge appears to be widely believed.  End Comment). 
 
Underground Warrens of rug Laboratories 
--------------------------------------- 
 
15.  (C) The couple asserted that a warren of drug 
laboratories, some utilizing children, exists in and under 
houses "in the worst parts of Tehran."  In some cases, they 
said, the laboratories are semi-mobile, and are moved from 
house to house every few months.  They related that 
production is expanding and that street prices for synthetic 
drugs have fallen steadily over the last few years, with one 
"hit" of crack heroin costing as little as 8,000 Riyals (a 
little more than 80 cents).  According to Maryam, the price 
for the same amount was 20,000 Riyals just a few years ago. 
 
16.  (C) Though occasionally receiving assistance from 
sympathetic government and security officials, Maryam said 
that their NGO is often under pressure from the authorities 
due to their independent work on socially sensitive issues in 
the poorest areas of Tehran.  The couple said that their 
activities are sometimes attacked by conservative mullahs, 
and they and their staff are often quizzed by the 
authorities.  Maryam said that she frequently ripostes to 
government officials and clerics that "we are doing the work 
that others should be doing, but are not," and attributed the 
continued operation of her NGO to tacit acceptance of this 
fact by government and police.  She added that the local 
police sometimes provide escorts for NGO staff visits to the 
most dangerous urban areas, a service she considered helpful 
and even essential. 
 
Poverty, Drugs Trump Politics for Urban Poor 
-------------------------------------------- 
 
17.  (C) The couple said that the economic situation in 
Tehran is "getting worse and worse," with the price of a kilo 
of rice now exceeding a laborer's daily wages (see ref a). 
Maryam opined that gasoline sanctions against Iran will 
substantially drive up food and other prices, significantly 
exacerbating poor people's problems.  The couple criticized 
the Iranian government's ineffective social assistance 
policies, but stressed that they otherwise stay totally out 
of politics in the interest of protecting their NGO. 
Nonetheless, Abbas muttered, "our leaders our sick," and 
Maryam claimed that "many people (in South Tehran) are 
against the government."  Nonetheless, she  stressed, for 
most (Tehrani poor), politics is irrelevant: "they are not 
 
'for' Ahmedinejad or Moussavi; they are for heroin," she 
said. 
 
Hoping to Network with Foreign NGOs 
----------------------------------- 
 
18.  (C) Maryam regretted what she depicted as the relative 
isolation of many Iranian NGOs like hers from regional and 
international counterparts, and an alleged lack of awareness 
or attention until recently to Iran's social problems from 
the UN and other international bodies.  She explained that a 
main goal for herself and Abbas in attending the ECOSOC 
conference is to heighten this consciousness, and meet and 
begin the process of networking with international 
counterparts.  Maryam added that one organization will not 
contact in the US. is the VOA, due to concern over given its 
recent appearance on an Iranian government citizen contact 
"blacklist." 
LU