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Viewing cable 10CIUDADJUAREZ25, FOREIGN TRADE ZONES AND TAIWANESE INVESTMENT ON THE BORDER

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
10CIUDADJUAREZ25 2010-01-28 02:17 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Consulate Ciudad Juarez
INFO  LOG-00   EEB-00   AF-00    AGRE-00  AID-00   CA-00    CEA-01   
      CIAE-00  COME-00  CTME-00  INL-00   DODE-00  ITCE-00  DOTE-00  
      PDI-00   DHSE-00  EXME-00  OIGO-00  E-00     FAAE-00  UTED-00  
      VCI-00   FRB-00   H-00     TEDE-00  INR-00   JUSE-00  LAB-01   
      L-00     VCIE-00  NSAE-00  ISN-00   NSCE-00  OES-00   OMB-00   
      NIMA-00  CAEX-00  PER-00   GIWI-00  MA-00    ISNE-00  DOHS-00  
      SP-00    SSO-00   SS-00    STR-00   TRSE-00  FMP-00   CBP-00   
      BBG-00   IIP-00   DRL-00   G-00     SAS-00   FA-00    PESU-00  
      SEEE-00  SANA-00    /002W
  
P R 280217Z JAN 10
FM AMCONSUL CIUDAD JUAREZ
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6331
AMEMBASSY MEXICO PRIORITY 
INFO ALL US CONSULATES IN MEXICO COLLECTIVE
AMCONSUL CIUDAD JUAREZ
UNCLAS CIUDAD JUAREZ 000025 
 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EIND ECON ELAB ETRD MX
SUBJECT: FOREIGN TRADE ZONES AND TAIWANESE INVESTMENT ON THE BORDER 
 
1.  SUMMARY: Since late 2007, Ciudad Juarez has suffered a net 
loss of more than 80,000 manufacturing jobs as a result of the 
global economic slowdown.  However, these losses would have been 
even worse without the impact of new investment and job growth 
in the outlying community of San Jeronimo.  The establishment in 
2007 of Free Trade Zones (FTZ) on the U.S. and Mexican sides of 
this section of border ten miles west of downtown Juarez is the 
catalyst for growth.  By operating in this specialized customs 
zone, firms seeking to export manufactured goods to the United 
States can reduce labor and logistics costs.  In 2008, Foxconn, 
a Taiwan-based manufacturer of electronics and computer 
components, invested USD 185 million to build a new assembly 
plant in San Jeronimo, becoming the first company to operate 
within the FTZ in Chihuahua.  Opened in February 2009 and 
currently employing 8,000 Mexican workers, the plant expects to 
eventually hire an additional 12,000 people.  Foxconn's 
Corporate Vice President and Chief of Business Operations for 
Latin America, Francisco Uranga, says the FTZ makes San Jeronimo 
the most competitive site for assembly operations along the 
entire U.S.-Mexico border. 
 
BACKGROUND 
 
2.  On December 30, 2002, the Government of Mexico amended its 
customs law to allow what is called a `Regimen de Recintos 
Fiscalizados Estrategicos'.  Recintos fiscalizados are customs 
regimes that operate similarly to free trade zones in other 
parts of the world.  (Note: In the rest of this report recintos 
fiscalizados will be referred to as free trade zones.)  Goods 
transferred within FTZs are not subject to customs tariffs and 
quotas.  This allows manufacturers to import parts and 
components into Mexico duty free to be transformed into a 
finished product for export.  When the finished product exits 
the FTZ, the duty is paid either at the rate applied to the 
imported parts or at the rate applied to the finished product, 
whichever is lower.  This reduces the importer's total tax 
burden, making the product more competitive. 
 
3.  Major differences between the FTZ regime and the traditional 
IMMEX maquila program include the elimination of secondary 
customs inspections, which reduces the time it takes for 
products to reach market; simplified customs declarations, which 
reduce brokers fees; and a three-day grace period to correct 
import declarations, which increases flexibility and reduces 
penalty fees.  Unlike maquilas, FTZs must be located adjacent to 
a customs facility; but where this option exists, manufacturers 
benefit from added security with fewer goods lost, damaged, or 
stolen during transport between the port of entry, warehouse, 
and customs facilities. 
 
FOXCONN TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE NEW CUSTOMS REGIME 
 
4.  In 2007, the GOM authorized Corporacion Inmobiliaria San 
Jeronimo to establish an FTZ along the U.S.-Mexico border in San 
Jeronimo, Chihuahua.  That same year the El Paso-based Verde 
Realty Group received approval from the U.S. Foreign Trade Zones 
Board to expand Foreign Trade Zone No. 197, to include the area 
in Santa Teresa, New Mexico immediately adjacent to the San 
Jeronimo FTZ.  The establishment of these zones on both sides of 
the border made feasible the construction of bi-national 
manufacturing campuses, with labor intensive assembly activities 
conducted in Mexico and staging and distribution in the United 
States. 
 
5.  To promote investment in San Jeronimo, the Chihuahua state 
government provided a payroll tax incentive, training funds, and 
electricity subsidies for companies that invest in the FTZ.  The 
state government also invested USD 8.5 million in the 
construction of a border highway linking downtown Juarez and San 
Jeronimo, which reduced the travel time between the two 
locations from one hour to ten minutes. 
 
6.  In February 2009, Foxconn opened an assembly plant in San 
Jeronimo, becoming the first company to operate within the 
Mexican FTZ.  Foxconn is the trade name 
  of Hon Hai Precision 
Industry Co. Ltd., the largest manufacturer of electronics and 
computer components in the world.  Foxconn manufactures on 
contract for many U.S. companies, including Dell, Microsoft, and 
Apple Inc.  It is unusual among Juarez manufacturers in that it 
is Taiwanese-owned, since U.S. companies own roughly 90 percent 
of local maquilas.  Foxconn's 1,200 acre campus in San Jeronimo 
currently employs 8,000 Mexican workers, but company managers 
expect total staffing to reach 10,000 by March 2010 and 20,000 
by 2012.  Foxconn currently produces computers for Dell at the 
San Jeronimo campus, but plans to begin manufacturing Apple Inc. 
products as it scales up operations over the next two years.  If 
Foxconn meets its staffing projections, the San Jeronimo 
facility will become the largest manufacturing plant in Mexico. 
 
HOW THE FTZ OPERATES, AND BENEFITS FOR INDUSTRY 
 
7.  For manufacturers like Foxconn, there are three main 
advantages to operating within the FTZ.  According to Jerry 
Pacheco, Executive Director of the New Mexico Small Business 
Development Center Network, the average northbound commercial 
crossing time at Santa Teresa is 20 minutes, compared with 1.5 
to 2 hours at El Paso ports of entry.  This efficiency gain 
provides Foxconn a competitive advantage over companies that 
operate near the El Paso ports.  (Note: Foxconn managers admit 
crossing times may rise as they increase production.  For 
instance, in their first year of production, Foxconn operations 
resulted in an additional 115 commercial truck crossings a day 
at the Santa Teresa POE, increasing traffic there by almost 80 
percent.  The potential bottleneck at the port of entry 
represents the single greatest threat to Foxconn's ability to 
continue to scale up operations, said Pacheco.) 
 
8.  The second benefit for a company that chooses to operate in 
the FTZ is that it has more control over its cash flow. 
Companies can warehouse goods in the FTZ for up to two years 
without paying taxes.  Manufacturers can decide when to move 
their products out of the FTZ within the two year period, 
depending on cash flow availability.  While it is unlikely that 
an electronics manufacturer like Foxconn would want to warehouse 
products for such a long period of time, the added flexibility 
is a benefit. 
 
9.  The third and most fundamental benefit is that the FTZs 
allow manufacturers to improve global supply chain management. 
For instance, most of the components for the Dell computers 
Foxconn produces in San Jeronimo are imported from Asia through 
an FTZ at the Port of Long Beach, California.  These components 
are then transported here by Foxconn's sole logistics 
contractor, Expeditors International.  Inputs are warehoused in 
Santa Teresa and transported across the border into the Mexican 
FTZ for assembly.  Once assembled, most of the computers are 
exported to the United States for sale, at which time the first 
customs duties are assessed. 
 
BENEFITS FOR WORKERS AND BORDER COMMUNITY 
 
10.  Foxconn has increased employment opportunities for 
residents in the Anapra neighborhood of Ciudad Juarez, one of 
city's largest low income communities.  Anapra, located at the 
western edge of urban Juarez, offers the closest supply of labor 
for Foxconn.  Consulate officers observed dozens of Foxconn 
buses transporting hundreds of employees from the manufacturing 
plant to their homes in Anapra along the newly constructed 
border highway. 
 
11.  Foxconn's Mexican employees benefit from various training 
opportunities.  According to Francisco Uranga, Foxconn's 
Corporate Vice President for Latin America, Foxconn frequently 
sends select employees to one of the company's many campuses in 
China for training and to gain a better understanding of the 
company's global inter-connectedness.  Foxconn managers say such 
programs promote knowledge and technology transfer into the 
broader economy. 
 
12.  COMMENT: In spite of the city's record levels of drug 
violence, Foxconn has determined that Juarez is still a good 
place to conduct low-skill, low-cost manufacturing.  Customs 
benefits associated with the San Jeronimo FTZ are improving the 
company's cost competitiveness, while Foxconn investment will 
create jobs and presumably foster technology and knowledge 
transfer.  Critics though argue that, as is the case with 
maquila plants, Foxconn's production model limits "spill over" 
into the broader economy by not creating backward linkages to 
Mexican companies.  Furthermore, political wrangling over the 
location and authorization of future FTZs remains problematic. 
Despite potential drawbacks, the projected large scale of 
Foxconn's operations in San Jeronimo could make it one of 
Mexico's premier manufacturing platforms for export into the 
United States.  If this happens, expect to see other Asian 
manufacturers follow Foxconn's lead. 
 
 
MCGRATH