Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 251287 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
AEMR ASEC AMGT AE AS AMED AVIAN AU AF AORC AGENDA AO AR AM APER AFIN ATRN AJ ABUD ARABL AL AG AODE ALOW ADANA AADP AND APECO ACABQ ASEAN AA AFFAIRS AID AGR AY AGS AFSI AGOA AMB ARF ANET ASCH ACOA AFLU AFSN AMEX AFDB ABLD AESC AFGHANISTAN AINF AVIATION ARR ARSO ANDREW ASSEMBLY AIDS APRC ASSK ADCO ASIG AC AZ APEC AFINM ADB AP ACOTA ASEX ACKM ASUP ANTITERRORISM ADPM AINR ARABLEAGUE AGAO AORG AMTC AIN ACCOUNT ASECAFINGMGRIZOREPTU AIDAC AINT ARCH AMGTKSUP ALAMI AMCHAMS ALJAZEERA AVIANFLU AORD AOREC ALIREZA AOMS AMGMT ABDALLAH AORCAE AHMED ACCELERATED AUC ALZUGUREN ANGEL AORL ASECIR AMG AMBASSADOR AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL ADM ASES ABMC AER AMER ASE AMGTHA ARNOLDFREDERICK AOPC ACS AFL AEGR ASED AFPREL AGRI AMCHAM ARNOLD AN ANATO AME APERTH ASECSI AT ACDA ASEDC AIT AMERICA AMLB AMGE ACTION AGMT AFINIZ ASECVE ADRC ABER AGIT APCS AEMED ARABBL ARC ASO AIAG ACEC ASR ASECM ARG AEC ABT ADIP ADCP ANARCHISTS AORCUN AOWC ASJA AALC AX AROC ARM AGENCIES ALBE AK AZE AOPR AREP AMIA ASCE ALANAZI ABDULRAHMEN ABDULHADI AINFCY ARMS ASECEFINKCRMKPAOPTERKHLSAEMRNS AGRICULTURE AFPK AOCR ALEXANDER ATRD ATFN ABLG AORCD AFGHAN ARAS AORCYM AVERY ALVAREZ ACBAQ ALOWAR ANTOINE ABLDG ALAB AMERICAS AFAF ASECAFIN ASEK ASCC AMCT AMGTATK AMT APDC AEMRS ASECE AFSA ATRA ARTICLE ARENA AISG AEMRBC AFR AEIR ASECAF AFARI AMPR ASPA ASOC ANTONIO AORCL ASECARP APRM AUSTRALIAGROUP ASEG AFOR AEAID AMEDI ASECTH ASIC AFDIN AGUIRRE AUNR ASFC AOIC ANTXON ASA ASECCASC ALI AORCEUNPREFPRELSMIGBN ASECKHLS ASSSEMBLY ASECVZ AI ASECPGOV ASIR ASCEC ASAC ARAB AIEA ADMIRAL AUSGR AQ AMTG ARRMZY ANC APR AMAT AIHRC AFU ADEL AECL ACAO AMEMR ADEP AV AW AOR ALL ALOUNI AORCUNGA ALNEA ASC AORCO ARMITAGE AGENGA AGRIC AEM ACOAAMGT AGUILAR AFPHUM AMEDCASCKFLO AFZAL AAA ATPDEA ASECPHUM ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
ETRD ETTC EU ECON EFIN EAGR EAID ELAB EINV ENIV ENRG EPET EZ ELTN ELECTIONS ECPS ET ER EG EUN EIND ECONOMICS EMIN ECIN EINT EWWT EAIR EN ENGR ES EI ETMIN EL EPA EARG EFIS ECONOMY EC EK ELAM ECONOMIC EAR ESDP ECCP ELN EUM EUMEM ECA EAP ELEC ECOWAS EFTA EXIM ETTD EDRC ECOSOC ECPSN ENVIRONMENT ECO EMAIL ECTRD EREL EDU ENERG ENERGY ENVR ETRAD EAC EXTERNAL EFIC ECIP ERTD EUC ENRGMO EINZ ESTH ECCT EAGER ECPN ELNT ERD EGEN ETRN EIVN ETDR EXEC EIAD EIAR EVN EPRT ETTF ENGY EAIDCIN EXPORT ETRC ESA EIB EAPC EPIT ESOCI ETRB EINDQTRD ENRC EGOV ECLAC EUR ELF ETEL ENRGUA EVIN EARI ESCAP EID ERIN ELAN ENVT EDEV EWWY EXBS ECOM EV ELNTECON ECE ETRDGK EPETEIND ESCI ETRDAORC EAIDETRD ETTR EMS EAGRECONEINVPGOVBN EBRD EUREM ERGR EAGRBN EAUD EFI ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ETRO ENRGY EGAR ESSO EGAD ENV ENER EAIDXMXAXBXFFR ELA EET EINVETRD EETC EIDN ERGY ETRDPGOV EING EMINCG EINVECON EURM EEC EICN EINO EPSC ELAP ELABPGOVBN EE ESPS ETRA ECONETRDBESPAR ERICKSON EEOC EVENTS EPIN EB ECUN EPWR ENG EX EH EAIDAR EAIS ELBA EPETUN ETRDEIQ EENV ECPC ETRP ECONENRG EUEAID EWT EEB EAIDNI ESENV EADM ECN ENRGKNNP ETAD ETR ECONETRDEAGRJA ETRG ETER EDUC EITC EBUD EAIF EBEXP EAIDS EITI EGOVSY EFQ ECOQKPKO ETRGY ESF EUE EAIC EPGOV ENFR EAGRE ENRD EINTECPS EAVI ETC ETCC EIAID EAIDAF EAGREAIDPGOVPRELBN EAOD ETRDA EURN EASS EINVA EAIDRW EON ECOR EPREL EGPHUM ELTM ECOS EINN ENNP EUPGOV EAGRTR ECONCS ETIO ETRDGR EAIDB EISNAR EIFN ESPINOSA EAIDASEC ELIN EWTR EMED ETFN ETT EADI EPTER ELDIN EINVEFIN ESS ENRGIZ EQRD ESOC ETRDECD ECINECONCS EAIT ECONEAIR ECONEFIN EUNJ ENRGKNNPMNUCPARMPRELNPTIAEAJMXL ELAD EFIM ETIC EFND EFN ETLN ENGRD EWRG ETA EIN EAIRECONRP EXIMOPIC ERA ENRGJM ECONEGE ENVI ECHEVARRIA EMINETRD EAD ECONIZ EENG ELBR EWWC ELTD EAIDMG ETRK EIPR EISNLN ETEX EPTED EFINECONCS EPCS EAG ETRDKIPR ED EAIO ETRDEC ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ERNG EFINU EURFOR EWWI ELTNSNAR ETD EAIRASECCASCID EOXC ESTN EAIDAORC EAGRRP ETRDEMIN ELABPHUMSMIGKCRMBN ETRDEINVTINTCS EGHG EAIDPHUMPRELUG EAGRBTIOBEXPETRDBN EDA EPETPGOV ELAINE EUCOM EMW EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM ELB EINDETRD EMI ETRDECONWTOCS EINR ESTRADA EHUM EFNI ELABV ENR EMN EXO EWWTPRELPGOVMASSMARRBN EATO END EP EINVETC ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID ELTRN EIQ ETTW EAI ENGRG ETRED ENDURING ETTRD EAIDEGZ EOCN EINF EUPREL ENRL ECPO ENLT EEFIN EPPD ECOIN EUEAGR EISL EIDE ENRGSD EINVECONSENVCSJA EAIG ENTG EEPET EUNCH EPECO ETZ EPAT EPTE EAIRGM ETRDPREL EUNGRSISAFPKSYLESO ETTN EINVKSCA ESLCO EBMGT ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EFLU ELND EFINOECD EAIDHO EDUARDO ENEG ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EFINTS ECONQH ENRGPREL EUNPHUM EINDIR EPE EMINECINECONSENVTBIONS EFINM ECRM EQ EWWTSP ECONPGOVBN
KFLO KPKO KDEM KFLU KTEX KMDR KPAO KCRM KIDE KN KNNP KG KMCA KZ KJUS KWBG KU KDMR KAWC KCOR KPAL KOMC KTDB KTIA KISL KHIV KHUM KTER KCFE KTFN KS KIRF KTIP KIRC KSCA KICA KIPR KPWR KWMN KE KGIC KGIT KSTC KACT KSEP KFRD KUNR KHLS KCRS KRVC KUWAIT KVPR KSRE KMPI KMRS KNRV KNEI KCIP KSEO KITA KDRG KV KSUM KCUL KPET KBCT KO KSEC KOLY KNAR KGHG KSAF KWNM KNUC KMNP KVIR KPOL KOCI KPIR KLIG KSAC KSTH KNPT KINL KPRP KRIM KICC KIFR KPRV KAWK KFIN KT KVRC KR KHDP KGOV KPOW KTBT KPMI KPOA KRIF KEDEM KFSC KY KGCC KATRINA KWAC KSPR KTBD KBIO KSCI KRCM KNNB KBNC KIMT KCSY KINR KRAD KMFO KCORR KW KDEMSOCI KNEP KFPC KEMPI KBTR KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNPP KTTB KTFIN KBTS KCOM KFTN KMOC KOR KDP KPOP KGHA KSLG KMCR KJUST KUM KMSG KHPD KREC KIPRTRD KPREL KEN KCSA KCRIM KGLB KAKA KWWT KUNP KCRN KISLPINR KLFU KUNC KEDU KCMA KREF KPAS KRKO KNNC KLHS KWAK KOC KAPO KTDD KOGL KLAP KECF KCRCM KNDP KSEAO KCIS KISM KREL KISR KISC KKPO KWCR KPFO KUS KX KWCI KRFD KWPG KTRD KH KLSO KEVIN KEANE KACW KWRF KNAO KETTC KTAO KWIR KVCORR KDEMGT KPLS KICT KWGB KIDS KSCS KIRP KSTCPL KDEN KLAB KFLOA KIND KMIG KPPAO KPRO KLEG KGKG KCUM KTTP KWPA KIIP KPEO KICR KNNA KMGT KCROM KMCC KLPM KNNPGM KSIA KSI KWWW KOMS KESS KMCAJO KWN KTDM KDCM KCM KVPRKHLS KENV KCCP KGCN KCEM KEMR KWMNKDEM KNNPPARM KDRM KWIM KJRE KAID KWMM KPAONZ KUAE KTFR KIF KNAP KPSC KSOCI KCWI KAUST KPIN KCHG KLBO KIRCOEXC KI KIRCHOFF KSTT KNPR KDRL KCFC KLTN KPAOKMDRKE KPALAOIS KESO KKOR KSMT KFTFN KTFM KDEMK KPKP KOCM KNN KISLSCUL KFRDSOCIRO KINT KRG KWMNSMIG KSTCC KPAOY KFOR KWPR KSEPCVIS KGIV KSEI KIL KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KQ KEMS KHSL KTNF KPDD KANSOU KKIV KFCE KTTC KGH KNNNP KK KSCT KWNN KAWX KOMCSG KEIM KTSD KFIU KDTB KFGM KACP KWWMN KWAWC KSPA KGICKS KNUP KNNO KISLAO KTPN KSTS KPRM KPALPREL KPO KTLA KCRP KNMP KAWCK KCERS KDUM KEDM KTIALG KWUN KPTS KPEM KMEPI KAWL KHMN KCRO KCMR KPTD KCROR KMPT KTRF KSKN KMAC KUK KIRL KEM KSOC KBTC KOM KINP KDEMAF KTNBT KISK KRM KWBW KBWG KNNPMNUC KNOP KSUP KCOG KNET KWBC KESP KMRD KEBG KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KPWG KOMCCO KRGY KNNF KPROG KJAN KFRED KPOKO KM KWMNCS KMPF KJWC KJU KSMIG KALR KRAL KDGOV KPA KCRMJA KCRI KAYLA KPGOV KRD KNNPCH KFEM KPRD KFAM KALM KIPRETRDKCRM KMPP KADM KRFR KMWN KWRG KTIAPARM KTIAEUN KRDP KLIP KDDEM KTIAIC KWKN KPAD KDM KRCS KWBGSY KEAI KIVP KPAOPREL KUNH KTSC KIPT KNP KJUSTH KGOR KEPREL KHSA KGHGHIV KNNR KOMH KRCIM KWPB KWIC KINF KPER KILS KA KNRG KCSI KFRP KLFLO KFE KNPPIS KQM KQRDQ KERG KPAOPHUM KSUMPHUM KVBL KARIM KOSOVO KNSD KUIR KWHG KWBGXF KWMNU KPBT KKNP KERF KCRT KVIS KWRC KVIP KTFS KMARR KDGR KPAI KDE KTCRE KMPIO KUNRAORC KHOURY KAWS KPAK KOEM KCGC KID KVRP KCPS KIVR KBDS KWOMN KIIC KTFNJA KARZAI KMVP KHJUS KPKOUNSC KMAR KIBL KUNA KSA KIS KJUSAF KDEV KPMO KHIB KIRD KOUYATE KIPRZ KBEM KPAM KDET KPPD KOSCE KJUSKUNR KICCPUR KRMS KWMNPREL KWMJN KREISLER KWM KDHS KRV KPOV KWMNCI KMPL KFLD KWWN KCVM KIMMITT KCASC KOMO KNATO KDDG KHGH KRF KSCAECON KWMEN KRIC
PREL PINR PGOV PHUM PTER PE PREF PARM PBTS PINS PHSA PK PL PM PNAT PHAS PO PROP PGOVE PA PU POLITICAL PPTER POL PALESTINIAN PHUN PIN PAMQ PPA PSEC POLM PBIO PSOE PDEM PAK PF PKAO PGOVPRELMARRMOPS PMIL PV POLITICS PRELS POLICY PRELHA PIRN PINT PGOG PERSONS PRC PEACE PROCESS PRELPGOV PROV PFOV PKK PRE PT PIRF PSI PRL PRELAF PROG PARMP PERL PUNE PREFA PP PGOB PUM PROTECTION PARTIES PRIL PEL PAGE PS PGO PCUL PLUM PIF PGOVENRGCVISMASSEAIDOPRCEWWTBN PMUC PCOR PAS PB PKO PY PKST PTR PRM POUS PRELIZ PGIC PHUMS PAL PNUC PLO PMOPS PHM PGOVBL PBK PELOSI PTE PGOVAU PNR PINSO PRO PLAB PREM PNIR PSOCI PBS PD PHUML PERURENA PKPA PVOV PMAR PHUMCF PUHM PHUH PRELPGOVETTCIRAE PRT PROPERTY PEPFAR PREI POLUN PAR PINSF PREFL PH PREC PPD PING PQL PINSCE PGV PREO PRELUN POV PGOVPHUM PINRES PRES PGOC PINO POTUS PTERE PRELKPAO PRGOV PETR PGOVEAGRKMCAKNARBN PPKO PARLIAMENT PEPR PMIG PTBS PACE PETER PMDL PVIP PKPO POLMIL PTEL PJUS PHUMNI PRELKPAOIZ PGOVPREL POGV PEREZ POWELL PMASS PDOV PARN PG PPOL PGIV PAIGH PBOV PETROL PGPV PGOVL POSTS PSO PRELEU PRELECON PHUMPINS PGOVKCMABN PQM PRELSP PRGO PATTY PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PGVO PROTESTS PRELPLS PKFK PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PARAGRAPH PRELGOV POG PTRD PTERM PBTSAG PHUMKPAL PRELPK PTERPGOV PAO PRIVATIZATION PSCE PPAO PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PARALYMPIC PRUM PKPRP PETERS PAHO PARMS PGREL PINV POINS PHUMPREL POREL PRELNL PHUMPGOV PGOVQL PLAN PRELL PARP PROVE PSOC PDD PRELNP PRELBR PKMN PGKV PUAS PRELTBIOBA PBTSEWWT PTERIS PGOVU PRELGG PHUMPRELPGOV PFOR PEPGOV PRELUNSC PRAM PICES PTERIZ PREK PRELEAGR PRELEUN PHUME PHU PHUMKCRS PRESL PRTER PGOF PARK PGOVSOCI PTERPREL PGOVEAID PGOVPHUMKPAO PINSKISL PREZ PGOVAF PARMEUN PECON PINL POGOV PGOVLO PIERRE PRELPHUM PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PBST PKPAO PHUMHUPPS PGOVPOL PASS PPGOV PROGV PAGR PHALANAGE PARTY PRELID PGOVID PHUMR PHSAQ PINRAMGT PSA PRELM PRELMU PIA PINRPE PBTSRU PARMIR PEDRO PNUK PVPR PINOCHET PAARM PRFE PRELEIN PINF PCI PSEPC PGOVSU PRLE PDIP PHEM PRELB PORG PGGOC POLG POPDC PGOVPM PWMN PDRG PHUMK PINB PRELAL PRER PFIN PNRG PRED POLI PHUMBO PHYTRP PROLIFERATION PHARM PUOS PRHUM PUNR PENA PGOVREL PETRAEUS PGOVKDEM PGOVENRG PHUS PRESIDENT PTERKU PRELKSUMXABN PGOVSI PHUMQHA PKISL PIR PGOVZI PHUMIZNL PKNP PRELEVU PMIN PHIM PHUMBA PUBLIC PHAM PRELKPKO PMR PARTM PPREL PN PROL PDA PGOVECON PKBL PKEAID PERM PRELEZ PRELC PER PHJM PGOVPRELPINRBN PRFL PLN PWBG PNG PHUMA PGOR PHUMPTER POLINT PPEF PKPAL PNNL PMARR PAC PTIA PKDEM PAUL PREG PTERR PTERPRELPARMPGOVPBTSETTCEAIRELTNTC PRELJA POLS PI PNS PAREL PENV PTEROREP PGOVM PINER PBGT PHSAUNSC PTERDJ PRELEAID PARMIN PKIR PLEC PCRM PNET PARR PRELETRD PRELBN PINRTH PREJ PEACEKEEPINGFORCES PEMEX PRELZ PFLP PBPTS PTGOV PREVAL PRELSW PAUM PRF PHUMKDEM PATRICK PGOVKMCAPHUMBN PRELA PNUM PGGV PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PBT PIND PTEP PTERKS PGOVJM PGOT PRELMARR PGOVCU PREV PREFF PRWL PET PROB PRELPHUMP PHUMAF PVTS PRELAFDB PSNR PGOVECONPRELBU PGOVZL PREP PHUMPRELBN PHSAPREL PARCA PGREV PGOVDO PGON PCON PODC PRELOV PHSAK PSHA PGOVGM PRELP POSCE PGOVPTER PHUMRU PINRHU PARMR PGOVTI PPEL PMAT PAN PANAM PGOVBO PRELHRC

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 09SANTIAGO1118, CHILE'S RENEWABLE ENERGY WEEK INCLUDES U.S. EXPERTS IN SOLAR

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #09SANTIAGO1118.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09SANTIAGO1118 2009-11-20 16:09 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Santiago
VZCZCXYZ0014
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHSG #1118/01 3241610
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 201609Z NOV 09
FM AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0301
INFO MERCOSUR COLLECTIVE
RHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC
UNCLAS SANTIAGO 001118 
 
SIPDIS 
STATE FOR WHA/BSC, WHA/EPSC AND EEB/ESC 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ENRG ECON EINT TRGY DOE CI
SUBJECT: CHILE'S RENEWABLE ENERGY WEEK INCLUDES U.S. EXPERTS IN SOLAR 
AND BIOFUELS 
 
REF: MONTEVIDEO 616; SANTIAGO 641; SANTIAGO 496 
 
1.  SUMMARY:  Chile, which is looking to boost its use of renewable 
energy as a means to improve energy security and combat the effects 
of climate change, hosted a week of renewable energy events October 
5-9 focused on two areas where Chile appears to have comparative 
natural advantages:  solar and algae-based biofuels.  The prominent 
participation of U.S. energy experts -- including two sponsored by 
the USG -- reflects robust U.S.-Chile energy cooperation.  END 
SUMMARY. 
 
 
 
2.  Background:  Chile is a country abundant in renewable energy 
possibilities, unrivaled solar resources in the northern Atacama 
desert, over 4,200 kms of coastline with large tidal differentials, 
as well as wind and geothermal potential.  In March 2008, Chile 
passed a law requiring electricity generators to produce at least 
five percent of their energy from non-conventional renewable energy 
sources (this excludes  large-scale hydroelectric projects over 20 
MW) by 2014 and 10 percent by 2024.  Over the last year and a half, 
Chile's Economic Development Agency (CORFO) and its National Energy 
Commission (Commission Nacional de Energia - CNE) have been working 
to create favorable conditions for renewable energy development, 
including a transmission fee exemption for small scale generators 
and developing financial instruments, loan guarantees, grants for 
electricity transmission lines to connect renewable energy projects 
to the grid, grants for geothermal drilling, etc. 
 
 
 
3.  Along with CNE, CORFO is developing two solar pilot plants, one 
using photovoltaic (PV) technology and another using concentrating 
solar power (CSP), and launched a renewable energy center (REC) in 
October to act as an antenna for new renewable technologies and 
provide assistance to project developers (refs b and c).  During 
President Bachelet's visit to Washington in June 2009, Chile's CNE 
and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) signed a Memorandum of 
Understanding (MOU) on Clean Energy Technology Cooperation to 
facilitate collaboration on energy efficiency and renewable energy, 
including technical assistance for Chile's new REC and CSP pilot 
project. 
 
 
 
4.  To promote investment in Chile's renewable energy sector, CORFO 
has also sponsored a number of workshops and seminars.  The largest 
was the Fourth International Conference on Renewable Energy 
Investments in Santiago, September 7-8. The international event 
brought together over 1,000 private investors, carbon market 
intermediaries, national project developers, service suppliers, 
banks, public agents and experts in the renewable energy and CDM 
sectors.  Although smaller in scale, Chile's "Renewable Energy 
Week" in October featured two major seminars on technologies the 
country may have a natural advantage in developing:  solar and 
algae-based biofuels.  End background. 
 
 
 
Launch Features Nobel-Prize Winning Nuclear Physicist Touting 
Renewables 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
--------------------------- 
 
 
 
5.  Energy Minister Marcelo Tokman kicked off Chile's 2009 
Renewable Energy Week with a comprehensive overview of Chile's 
energy challenges and efforts to secure its energy supply.  Tokman 
described how high energy prices combined with drought and reduced 
supplies of natural gas from Argentina to create the "perfect 
storm" in 2008, which forced Chile to work to strengthen its 
institutions, increase energy efficiency and begin to develop the 
country's vast renewable energy potential.  He highlighted pending 
government solicitations for two solar pilot plants.  The launch 
concluded with the Energy Minister and other luminaries cutting a 
ribbon to open "Energiza Chile," an exhibition of the country's 
renewable energy associations, projects and technology providers. 
 
 
 
6.  Opening remarks by Nobel-prize winning physicist Carlo Rubbia 
focused on the potential of solar energy as a source of 
 
 
hydrogen-based power.  Rubbia also participated in a panel with 
three Chilean parliamentarians, who spoke about how Chile's move 
from petroleum-based sources to renewables is hampered by a lack of 
institutions, human resources and incentives. 
 
 
 
Solar Seminar Highlights Dueling Technologies; Overcoming Technical 
Challenges 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
----------------------------------- 
 
 
 
7.  An international solar seminar co-hosted by CNE and the U.N.'s 
Economic Commission on Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) 
featured keynote speakers Stanford Ovshinsky, a U.S. inventor, and 
Dr. Rubbia.  The speakers emphasized competing visions for 
harnessing solar power.  Rubbia focused on concentrating solar 
power (CSP), and Ovshinsky's presentation highlighted his lifelong 
efforts to develop efficient photovoltaics (PV), including 
mass-production of thin solar films, and developing the 
rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries used in hybrid 
vehicles and many consumer electronics. 
 
 
 
8.  The solar seminar also featured developments in solar 
technologies by international experts from Germany and Spain, as 
well as various solar companies presenting on large-scale 
commercial projects.  U.S. expert Craig Turchi, Director of a 
project to transform the CSP market at the U.S. Department of 
Energy's National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), provided a 
pre-recorded presentation on various solar technologies and the 
challenges of storage, costs, environmental impacts and 
transmission. 
 
 
 
International Perspectives on Biofuels from Algae - Chile's 
Potential 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
----------------- 
 
 
 
9.  A seminar on innovations in algae-based biofuels followed the 
solar seminar.  A central theme for the event was the potential for 
Chile to produce biofuels from algae given its rich marine 
resources, high levels of solar radiation (required for rapid 
growth of these organisms), and the fact that the country does not 
grow many of the food crops (e.g., sugarcane) generally associated 
with second generation biofuels.  The seminar covered both micro- 
and macro-algae technologies and featured studies of the many 
different factors that impact biofuel production from these 
sources. 
 
 
 
10.  Two U.S. biofuels experts, Bryan Willson from Colorado State 
University (CSU), and Richard Simmons, a science and technology 
fellow at the U.S. Department of State, joined a panel on the 
"International Vision of Second Generation Biofuels" with 
representatives from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the 
European Commission and the Interamerican Development Bank. 
Simmons, an engineer who has worked on reducing internal combustion 
engines' emissions and fuel consumption, provided the U.S. and 
regional policy context by tracing the stages of first generation 
biofuels.  He noted that ethanol and biodiesel products are 
commercially viable because certain countries, i.e., the U.S. and 
Brazil, committed to innovation and invested resources into 
biofuels research and development (R&D).  He opined that second 
generation biofuels will require increased levels of international 
cooperation. Willson, Director of CSU's Engines and Energy 
Conversion Laboratory and owner of his own company, Solix Biofuels, 
provided insights from his university and private sector 
experiences developing micro algae-based biofuels and delved into 
the technical innovations needed to make algae-based products 
commercially viable. 
 
 
 
11.  InnovaChile, a program supported by CORFO, highlighted that it 
has provided approximately $6 million to create several 
 
 
public-private consortiums to study/develop second generation algae 
derived biofuels.  CORFO plans to assign 85% of its FY2010 funds to 
energy projects, including biofuels development. 
 
 
 
U.S. Experts Make the Rounds 
 
-------------------------------------- 
 
 
 
12.  The Embassy helped program the U.S. biofuels experts in 
addition to their participation in the renewable energy seminars in 
Antofagasta.  Willson gave a presentation on low-cost biofuels 
production from micro algae to the University of Santiago de Chile. 
He also met with representatives of the CNE, CORFO, and other 
government officials, along with university and industry 
representatives of several petroleum companies to exchange 
experiences and discuss development of a biofuels cluster in Chile. 
In addition to outreach with industry and academic representatives, 
Simmons held in-depth discussions with Fundacion Chile, a 
non-profit innovation incubator and think tank, and spoke at a 
roundtable discussion on "Bridging the Biofuel Generation Gap" 
hosted by post's Green Committee. 
 
 
 
13.  Ambassador Simons hosted Ovshinsky and a group of educators 
and innovators for a breakfast discussion on October 8.  Ovshinsky 
noted that Chile has a natural resource in the sun that is much 
more powerful than oil and plenty of room in its northern desert 
for solar collectors.  Citing the two solar pilot projects, he 
praised Chile for having the vision to make this happen, and toted 
the value of investing in education to promote innovation. 
Following the breakfast, Ovshinsky and the Ambassador participated 
in a panel on climate change at the Democracy and Development 
Foundation of former Chilean President Ricardo Lagos. 
 
 
 
Public-Private Association to Develop Renewable Energy Capacities 
in Antofagasta 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 
----------------------------------- 
 
 
 
14.  On the margins of the solar conference, ESTH Officer and EPOL 
Specialist met with the Chilean Chamber of Construction - 
Antofagasta (CChC-A) chapter's president, Carlos Arenas, along with 
CChC-A staff and associated members.  The group outlined efforts to 
organize business sector representatives and academics into a 
public/private consortium to promote R&D in non-conventional 
renewable energy in the region.  They requested U.S. assistance in 
facilitating access to updated research and technology related to 
renewable energy (e.g., net metering, concentrated solar panel 
systems), as well as establishing ties with U.S. agencies, research 
laboratories (including NREL), and universities to identify 
academic, technical, and student exchange programs. 
 
 
 
15.  COMMENT:  Since 2008, Chile has made progress on promoting 
renewable energy and has been somewhat successful in developing 
commercial wind and run-of-river hydroelectric projects.  However, 
Chile is nowhere close to realizing the full energy potential of 
its rich array of natural resources and clearly recognizes the need 
to build international relationships to attract investment and 
innovation in renewable energy technologies in which it may have a 
comparative advantage.  The four U.S. experts who participated in 
the week-long series of events in Antofagasta did an impressive job 
of showcasing U.S. innovation, policy and technologies in both 
solar and biofuels.  The strong U.S.-presence reflects on-going 
collaborative efforts under both the new U.S.-Chile Clean Energy 
MOU and our long-standing Science and Technology agreement.  These 
types of exchanges are critical as Chile continues to develop the 
policy framework needed to foster its renewable energy sector.  END 
COMMENT. 
SIMONS