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Viewing cable 09PARIS1542, MARITIME SECURITY SECTOR REFORM AND HORN OF AFRICA

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09PARIS1542 2009-11-19 15:37 2011-08-30 01:44 CONFIDENTIAL Embassy Paris
VZCZCXRO2873
RR RUEHBZ RUEHDU RUEHMR RUEHPA RUEHRN RUEHROV RUEHTRO
DE RUEHFR #1542/01 3231537
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
R 191537Z NOV 09
FM AMEMBASSY PARIS
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 7561
INFO RUEHZO/AFRICAN UNION COLLECTIVE
RUCNIAD/IGAD COLLECTIVE
RHMCSUU/CJTF HOA
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 1762
RUEHBS/USEU BRUSSELS 2750
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHINGTON DC
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC
RHMFISS/HQ USAFRICOM STUTTGART GE
RUEHNO/USMISSION USNATO 3931
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 03 PARIS 001542 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: DECL: 11/19/2019 
TAGS: MARR ETTC PREL PGOV KPIR XO SO FR
SUBJECT: MARITIME SECURITY SECTOR REFORM AND HORN OF AFRICA 
PIRACY:  CONSULTATIONS WITH THE FRENCH (NOVEMBER 13) 
 
Classified By: Andrew Young, Political Counselor, 1.4 (b/d). 
 
1.  (C)  SUMMARY:  A French inter-agency team expressed keen 
interest in USG ideas on piracy and Maritime Security Sector 
Reform (MSSR) during PM/PPA Donna Hopkins's November 13 
consultations in Paris.  The French agreed to provide 
constructive feedback on the MSSR matrix under development by 
State and USAID and to serve informally as a bridge with the 
EU to promote a complementary approach to the matrix 
regarding terminology and its eventual applicability.  The 
French expressed reservations about more robust kinetic 
action in or near Somalia but seemed to lean toward more 
proactive responses on the high seas.  There was general 
agreement on such matters as detaining and prosecuting 
pirates (including support for Kenya), the need to disrupt 
pirates' financial arrangements, the possible need to address 
insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea, and the desire to improve 
intelligence sharing on both sides.  The meeting augured well 
for continued close U.S.-France cooperation on piracy and 
related MSSR concerns.  END SUMMARY. 
 
2.  (C)  MFA Anti-Piracy Coordinator Chantal Poiret on 
November 13 hosted PM/PPA Donna Hopkins and Embassy 
AF-assistant to a four-hour discussion of Maritime Security 
Sector Reform (MSSR), piracy, and related issues.  The French 
side (11 in total) consisted of several naval officers, 
civilian naval and MOD experts, representatives from the 
Prime Ministry and the Ministry of Transportation, an IMO 
expert, an MFA legal expert, and an officer from the MFA's EU 
office.  (Notably, the MFA's Africa Bureau was not 
represented.)  The first session focused on Hopkins's 
explanation of the MSSR matrix that her office and USAID 
counterparts are involved in developing, with discussion 
broadening during a working lunch.  A smaller group session 
followed the lunch, highlighting the French Navy's interest 
in expanding bilateral information and intelligence sharing. 
 
MSSR and the Matrix 
------------------- 
3.  (C)  After opening pleasantries, Anti-Piracy Coordinator 
Poiret invited PM/PPA's Donna Hopkins to brief on MSSR and 
especially the matrix the USG has been developing as a tool 
for carrying out MSSR.  Hopkins explained that the matrix was 
intended to serve as a tool for conducing a comprehensive 
assessment of a country's ability to provide what we would 
recognize as maritime security, including underlying or 
associated factors not immediately associated with the 
maritime sector.  The matrix could be used as a 
self-assessment tool by countries seeking assistance; by 
donor countries considering offering assistance, or by donor 
countries and organizations to deconflict and prioritize 
their bilateral or regional assistance efforts.  Hopkins 
welcomed French ideas on how to complete and improve the 
matrix, which Poiret and the others said they would be happy 
to provide. 
 
4.  (C)  Poiret stated the need to consider the matrix and 
MSSR within the EU context, as the EU was itself working on 
improving maritime security.  (Hopkins had previously briefed 
the EU Political Military Group, as well as members of the 
Commission and Secretariat, on MSSR, and met with a favorable 
reception in Brussels.)  Expressing interest in the matrix 
concept, Admiral Bruno Paulmier (Deputy Secretary General for 
the Sea at the Prime Ministry) said that neither France nor 
the EU had developed a comprehensive view of maritime 
security from a law enforcement perspective and that any such 
policy tended to be "ad hoc."  He said that France lacked a 
centralized, coordinated mechanism, with much management 
delegated to local "prefets maritimes."  Paulmier indicated 
that he would welcome a unifying force such as the matrix to 
bring order to France's approach (as well as that of the EU) 
to maritime security. 
 
French and EU Efforts at 
Developing a Unified Maritime Policy 
------------------------------------ 
5.  (C)  Samer Melki of the MFA's Common Foreign and Security 
Policy office, expanded by describing France's efforts to 
promote a comprehensive approach to maritime security within 
the EU.  The EU's many "competencies" provided a flexible 
framework for a comprehensive approach but much work 
remained.  Melki described two areas of progress -- 
operationally, with Operation Atalanta, and an internal 
 
PARIS 00001542  002 OF 003 
 
 
reflective process.  Atalanta represented a big step in terms 
of operating outside the EU's immediate area, and it 
broadened the concept of pro-activity by seeking to protect 
EU citizens and property abroad.  Melki described movement 
within the EU to harmonize and unify policies, which the 
Lisbon Treaty would facilitate, so that there could be an 
overarching policy covering fisheries, migration, 
trafficking, crime, and other such factors bearing on 
maritime security.  At least that was the hope, he explained. 
 He repeated that while this process seemed promising, it was 
still in a relatively early stage. 
 
6.  (C)  Tsiporah Fried (Navy Staff HQ Senior Advisor for 
Strategy and Policy) agreed that Europeans were moving toward 
an integrated maritime policy, which she welcomed.  She 
thought it important (and Hopkins agreed) on developing a 
standard terminology to employ in the matrix and more 
generally.  She said that the GOF preferred using IMO 
terminology as a base line.  Hopkins stated that the U.S. NSC 
staff had reacted favorably to the matrix and MSSR approach, 
and considered them consistent with President Obama's broader 
strategic concept and the U.S. National Maritime Strategy. 
She described how the issue was being treated within the USG 
interagency process.  Responding to a question, Hopkins 
discussed possible "custodians" of the matrix, which would 
require effort to maintain its currency.  The existing 
Contact Group, or perhaps a UN entity, could serve as a 
custodian.  The French said that the IMO might be the best 
custodian of the matrix.  Hopkins reserved judgment on the 
IMO as custodian.  All finally agreed that for the time 
being, the Contact Group might be the best choice, but that, 
in the meantime, the USG would continue to pursue the 
initiative. 
 
Legal Considerations 
-------------------- 
7.  (C)  MFA legal expert Annick Mathis recalled the need to 
define a legal basis for the matrix and any action that might 
emerge from it.  On piracy itself, she described how French 
law was being amended so that the GOF could take action 
against pirates even if a French ship, individual, or company 
were not involved in an incident.  The Law of the Sea 
framework could be useful in determining legality.  Hopkins 
agreed on the need for a legal framework, especially 
regarding taking suspects into custody and then prosecuting 
them.  Poiret noted the unique position of Kenya at present. 
France was presently detaining 25 accused pirates.  Poiret 
said that France was working to obtain agreement from the 
Seychelles to try pirates there.  France also had the 
agreement of the Somalia TFG and local authorities in 
Puntland to turn over suspects to Puntland's control, with 
Puntland having provided assurances that it would treat 
suspected pirates humanely and not subject them to the death 
penalty. 
 
Stabilizing Somalia 
------------------- 
8.  (C)  Discussion turned to efforts to stabilize Somalia, 
with Poiret expressing the GOF's long-standing view that 
piracy in the region would not disappear until some form of 
stability emerged on the ground in Somalia.  Both sides 
recognized the need to ensure that foreign assistance not 
inadvertently serve as a "subsidy" for pirates.  The French 
described their program to train 500 Somali security forces 
in Djibouti, a project that was nearing its end.  France 
hoped to engage other EU members in this project.  Melki 
commented that it would be very difficult to assign a 
maritime security role to AMISOM. 
 
Gulf of Guinea 
-------------- 
9.  (C)  Poiret said that the GOF was conducting an internal 
study on insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea and was ready to 
discuss possible actions that could be taken there to respond 
to the region's maritime problems, which were unlike those in 
Somalia's environs and which revolved around the petroleum 
industry.  Melki commented that the matrix, once further 
developed, could be used to analyze and provide solutions to 
the Gulf of Guinea's problems.  Poiret thought that Nigeria 
would be an excellent vehicle for application of the matrix. 
 
International Trust Fund Board Meetings 
--------------------------------------- 
 
PARIS 00001542  003 OF 003 
 
 
10.  (C)  One area of slight U.S.-France disagreement 
concerned the venue for ITF board meetings, with Poiret 
pushing for Nairobi and Hopkins arguing for another venue, on 
the grounds that meetings in Nairobi would distract Kenyan 
bureaucrats from pursuing productive work rather than hosting 
meetings.  Poiret said she understood the point but responded 
that the French Embassy strongly recommended Nairobi. 
 
Small Meeting -- Kinetic Action 
------------------------------- 
11.  (C)  Following the lunch, the meeting continued with 
reduced participation, with the non-MFA and non-uniformed MOD 
officials not participating.  The French seemed to harbor the 
impression that the USG was contemplating kinetic action 
against pirates in Somali territory.  Hopkins stated that 
such action was unlikely to comport with larger USG strategic 
interests in the region, and could in fact be 
counter-productive.  Naval Captain Jean-Nicolas Gauthier 
(Joint Staff, Center for Planning and Operations) said that 
it was "difficult to think about Somalia" (i.e., operations 
on the ground) and that French thinking "stopped at the 
shore." 
 
12.  (C)  Gauthier stressed that there were always risks of 
escalation and retaliation in response to increased activity 
against pirates.  France preferred keeping a low profile. 
Mentioning U.S. UAVs stationed in the Seychelles, he asked 
that the U.S. provide more intelligence if possible, which 
could allow for more preventive measures and less conflict. 
Gauthier did say that the GOF was willing to take more robust 
action if French hostages, for example, were involved, and he 
cited previous cases where the French had used force to free 
French hostages.  Hopkins expressed doubt that the USG would 
consider taking action on land in the absence of a dramatic 
change in the overall situation. 
 
13.  (C)  There was general agreement that a more aggressive 
response might be permitted in open waters, against, for 
example, mother ships.  Gauthier said the GOF was developing 
rules of engagement to cover the various situations that 
French forces could encounter.  Hopkins was wary of the 
recent call by the Spanish Defense Minister for a "blockade" 
of Somalia's ports, which could be construed as an act of 
war.  Gauthier said the French preferred speaking of an 
"embargo" or "control" of port activities rather than a 
"blockade." 
 
14.  (C)  Hopkins, referring to the search for a 
comprehensive structural framework for addressing piracy 
issues, said that it would be good to have a consistent 
policy on what to do with pirates once apprehended with 
respect to maintaining and transferring custody, seizing 
weapons and ships, and disposing of them under an agreed-upon 
procedure. 
 
Comment 
------- 
15.  (C)  We were favorably impressed by the way Poiret 
organized the meeting, with a broad range of French experts 
who knew their subjects.  The French did as good a job 
listening to (and taking real interest in) Hopkins's 
presentation as they did in explaining their own views. 
French interest and hope for working closely with the U.S. 
were evident, and participants seemed genuinely interested in 
the matrix, despite its complexities.  We expect that the 
French will continue to want to work closely with us on 
piracy issues and would welcome other opportunities for an 
in-depth exchange of views.  END COMMENT. 
 
16.  (C)  PM/PPA Donna Hopkins has cleared this message. 
 
 
 
PEKALA