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Viewing cable 09STATE101042, GUIDANCE: ADOPTION OF UNSC RESOLUTION ON SEXUAL

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09STATE101042 2009-09-28 23:41 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Secretary of State
VZCZCXYZ0000
OO RUEHWEB

DE RUEHC #1042 2720003
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O P 282341Z SEP 09
FM SECSTATE WASHDC
TO USMISSION USUN NEW YORK IMMEDIATE 0000
INFO UN SECURITY COUNCIL COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
UNCLAS STATE 101042 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KPKO PHUM PREL CG KWWMN
SUBJECT: GUIDANCE: ADOPTION OF UNSC RESOLUTION ON SEXUAL 
VIOLENCE IN CONFLICT 
 
   1.  USUN is instructed to join consensus on the UN 
Security Council Resolution on Sexual Violence in Conflict to 
be adopted on September 30 (para 2).  USUN should also seek 
out co-sponsors for the resolution.  USUN should refer any 
further substantive changes on the Resolution to the 
Department prior to joining consensus for adoption. 
 
2. Begin text: 
i     Reaffirming its commitment to the continuing and full 
implementation of resolutions 1325 (2000), 1612 (2005), 1674 
(2006), 1820 (2008) and 1882 (2009) and all relevant 
statements of its President, 
 
ii    Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 16 
July 2009 (S/2009/362), but remaining deeply concerned over 
the lack of progress on the issue of sexual violence in 
situations of armed conflict in particular against women and 
children, notably against girls, and noting as documented in 
the Secretary-General,s report that sexual violence occurs 
in armed conflicts throughout the world, 
 
iii   Reiterating deep concern that, despite its repeated 
condemnation of violence against women and children including 
all forms of sexual violence in situations of armed conflict, 
and despite its calls addressed to all parties to armed 
conflict for the cessation of such acts with immediate 
effect, such acts continue to occur, and in some situations 
have become systematic or widespread, 
 
iv    Recalling the commitments of the Beijing Declaration 
and Platform for Action (A/52/231) as well as those contained 
in the outcome document of the twenty-third Special Session 
of the United Nations General Assembly entitled &Women 2000: 
Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the Twenty-First 
Century8 (A/S-23/10/Rev.1), in particular those concerning 
women and armed conflict, 
 
v     Reaffirming the obligations of States Parties to the 
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination 
against Women, the Optional Protocol thereto, the Convention 
on the Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocols 
thereto, and urging states that have not yet done so to 
consider ratifying or acceding to them, 
 
vi    Recalling that international humanitarian law affords 
general protection to women and children as part of the 
civilian population during armed conflicts and special 
protection due to the fact that they can be placed 
particularly at risk, 
 
vii   Recalling the responsibilities of States to end 
impunity and to prosecute those responsible for genocide, 
crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious 
crimes perpetrated against civilians, and in this regard, 
noting with concern that only limited numbers of perpetrators 
of sexual violence have been brought to justice, while 
recognizing that in conflict and in post conflict situations 
national justice systems may be significantly weakened, 
 
viii  Reaffirming that ending impunity is essential if a 
society in conflict or recovering from conflict is to come to 
terms with past abuses committed against civilians affected 
by armed conflict and to prevent future such abuses, drawing 
attention to the full range of justice and reconciliation 
mechanisms to be considered, including national, 
international and &mixed8 criminal courts and tribunals and 
truth and reconciliation commissions, and noting that such 
mechanisms can promote not only individual responsibility for 
serious crimes, but also peace, truth, reconciliation and the 
rights of the victims; 
 
ix    Recalling the inclusion of a range of sexual violence 
offences in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal 
Court and the statutes of the ad hoc international criminal 
tribunals, 
 
x     Stressing the necessity for all States and non-State 
parties to conflicts to comply fully with their obligations 
under applicable international law, including the prohibition 
on all forms of sexual violence, 
 
xi    Recognizing the need for civilian and military leaders, 
consistent with the principle of command responsibility, to 
demonstrate commitment and political will to prevent sexual 
violence and to combat impunity and enforce accountability, 
and that inaction can send a message that the incidence of 
sexual violence in conflicts is tolerated, 
 
xii   Emphasizing the importance of addressing sexual 
violence issues from the outset of peace processes and 
mediation efforts, in order to protect populations at risk 
and promote full stability, in particular in the areas of 
pre-ceasefire humanitarian access and human rights 
agreements, ceasefires and ceasefire monitoring, Disarmament, 
Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR), Security Sector 
Reform (SSR) arrangements, justice and reparations, 
post-conflict recovery and development, 
 
xiii  Noting with concern the underrepresentation of women in 
formal peace processes, the lack of mediators and ceasefire 
monitors with proper training in dealing with sexual 
violence, and the lack of women as Chief or Lead peace 
mediators in UN-sponsored peace talks, 
 
xiv   Recognizing that the promotion and empowerment of women 
and that support for women,s organizations and networks are 
essential in the consolidation of peace to promote the equal 
and full participation of women and encouraging Member 
States, donors, and civil society, including non-governmental 
organizations, to provide support in this respect; 
 
xv    Welcoming the inclusion of women in peacekeeping 
missions in civil, military and police functions, and 
recognizing that women and children affected by armed 
conflict may feel more secure working with and reporting 
abuse to women in peacekeeping missions, and that the 
presence of women peacekeepers may encourage local women to 
participate in the national armed and security forces, 
thereby helping to build a security sector that is accessible 
and responsive to all, especially women, 
 
xvi   Welcoming the efforts of the Department of Peacekeeping 
Operations to develop gender guidelines for military 
personnel in peacekeeping operations to facilitate the 
implementation of resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008), 
and operational guidance to assist civilian, military and 
police components of peacekeeping missions to effectively 
implement resolution 1820 (2008), 
 
xvii  Having considered the report of the Secretary-General 
of 16 July 2009 (S/2009/362) and stressing that the present 
resolution does not seek to make any legal determination as 
to whether situations that are referred to in the 
Secretary-General,s report are or are not armed conflicts 
within the context of the Geneva Conventions and the 
Additional Protocols thereto, nor does it prejudge the legal 
status of the non-State parties involved in these situations, 
 
xviii Recalling the Council,s decision in resolution 1882 of 
4 August 2009 (S/RES/1882) to expand the Annexed list in the 
Secretary General,s annual report on Children and Armed 
Conflict of parties in situations of armed conflict engaged 
in the recruitment or use of children in violation of 
international law to also include those parties to armed 
conflict that engage, in contravention of applicable 
international law, in patterns of killing and maiming of 
children and/or rape and other sexual violence against 
children, in situations of armed conflict, 
 
xix   Noting the role currently assigned to the Office of the 
Special Adviser on Gender Issues to monitor implementation of 
resolution 1325 and to promote gender mainstreaming within 
the UN system, women,s empowerment and gender equality, and 
expressing the importance of effective coordination within 
the UN system in these areas, 
 
xx    Recognizing  that States bear the primary 
responsibility to respect and ensure the human rights of 
their citizens, as well as all individuals within their 
territory as provided for by relevant international law, 
 
xxi    Reaffirming that parties to armed conflict bear the 
primary responsibility to take all feasible steps to ensure 
the protection of affected civilians, 
 
xxii  Reiterating its primary responsibility for the 
maintenance of international peace and security and, in this 
connection, its commitment to continue to address the 
widespread impact of armed conflict on civilians, including 
with regard to sexual violence, 
 
1.    Reaffirms that sexual violence, when used or 
commissioned as a tactic of war in order to deliberately 
target civilians or as a part of a widespread or systematic 
attack against civilian populations, can significantly 
exacerbate situations of armed conflict and may impede the 
restoration of international peace and security; affirms in 
this regard that effective steps to prevent and respond to 
such acts of sexual violence can significantly contribute to 
the maintenance of international peace and security; and 
expresses its readiness, when considering situations on the 
agenda of the Council, to take, where necessary, appropriate 
steps to address widespread or systematic sexual violence in 
situations of armed conflict; 
 
2.    Reiterates its demand for the complete cessation by all 
parties to armed conflict of all acts of sexual violence with 
immediate effect; 
 
3.    Demands that all parties to armed conflict immediately 
take appropriate measures to protect civilians, including 
women and children, from all forms of sexual violence, 
including measures such as, inter alia, enforcing appropriate 
military disciplinary measures and upholding the principle of 
command responsibility, training troops on the categorical 
prohibition of all forms of sexual violence against 
civilians, debunking myths that fuel sexual violence and 
vetting candidates for national armies and security forces to 
ensure the exclusion of those associated with serious 
violations of international humanitarian and human rights 
law, including sexual violence; 
 
4.    Requests that the UN Secretary-General appoint a 
Special Representative to provide coherent and strategic 
leadership, to work effectively to strengthen existing UN 
coordination mechanisms, and to engage in advocacy efforts, 
inter alia with governments, including military and judicial 
representatives, as well as with all parties to armed 
conflict and civil society, in order to address sexual 
violence in armed conflict at both headquarters and country 
level, while promoting cooperation and coordination of 
efforts among all relevant stakeholders, primarily through 
the inter-agency initiative  United Nations Action Against 
Sexual Violence in Conflict,; 
 
5.    Encourages the entities comprising UN Action Against 
Sexual Violence in Conflict, as well as other relevant parts 
of the UN system, to support the work of the aforementioned 
Special Representative of the Secretary-General and to 
continue and enhance cooperation and information sharing 
among all relevant stakeholders in order to reinforce 
coordination and avoid overlap at the headquarters and 
country levels and improve system-wide response; 
 
6.    Urges States to undertake comprehensive legal and 
judicial reforms, as appropriate, in conformity with 
international law, without delay and with a view to bringing 
perpetrators of sexual violence in conflicts to justice and 
to ensuring that survivors have access to justice, are 
treated with dignity throughout the justice process and are 
protected and receive redress for their suffering; 
 
7.    Urges all parties to a conflict to ensure that all 
reports of sexual violence committed by civilians or by 
military personnel are thoroughly investigated and the 
alleged perpetrators brought to justice, and that civilian 
superiors and military commanders, in accordance with 
international humanitarian law, use their authority and 
powers to prevent sexual violence, including by combating 
impunity; 
 
8.    Calls upon the Secretary-General to identify and take 
the appropriate measures to deploy rapidly a team of experts 
to situations of particular concern with respect to sexual 
violence in armed conflict, working through the UN presence 
on the ground and with the consent of the host government, to 
assist national authorities to strengthen the rule of law, 
and recommends making use of existing human resources within 
the United Nations system and voluntary contributions, 
drawing upon requisite expertise, as appropriate, in the rule 
of law, civilian and military judicial systems, mediation, 
criminal investigation, security sector reform, witness 
protection, fair trial standards, and public outreach; to, 
inter alia: 
 
a.    Work closely with national legal and judicial officials 
and other personnel in the relevant governments' civilian and 
military justice systems to address impunity, including by 
the strengthening of national capacity, and drawing attention 
to the full range of justice mechanisms to be considered; 
 
b.    Identify gaps in national response and encourage a 
holistic national approach to address sexual violence in 
armed conflict, including by enhancing criminal 
accountability, responsiveness to victims, and judicial 
capacity, 
 
c.    Make recommendations to coordinate domestic and 
international efforts and resources to reinforce the 
government's ability to address sexual violence in armed 
conflict; 
 
d.    Work with the UN Mission, Country Team, and the 
aforementioned Special Representative of the 
Secretary-General as appropriate towards the full 
implementation of the measures called for by resolution 1820 
(2008); 
 
9.    Encourages States, relevant UN entities and civil 
society, as appropriate, to provide assistance in close 
cooperation with national authorities to build national 
capacity in the judicial and law enforcement systems in 
situations of particular concern with respect to sexual 
violence in armed conflict; 
 
10.   Reiterates its intention, when adopting or renewing 
targeted sanctions in situations of armed conflict, to 
consider including, where appropriate, designation criteria 
pertaining to acts of rape and other forms of sexual 
violence; and calls upon all peacekeeping and other relevant 
UN missions and UN bodies, in particular the Working Group on 
Children and Armed Conflict, to share with relevant sanctions 
committees, including through relevant UN Security Council 
Sanctions Committees, monitoring groups and groups of 
experts, all pertinent information about sexual violence; 
 
11.   Expresses its intention to ensure that resolutions to 
establish or renew peacekeeping mandates contain provisions, 
as appropriate, on the prevention of, and response to, sexual 
violence, with corresponding reporting requirements to the 
Council; 
 
12.   Decides to include specific provisions, as appropriate, 
for the protection of women and children from rape and other 
sexual violence in the mandates of United Nations 
peacekeeping operations, including, on a case-by-case basis, 
the identification of women,s protection advisers (WPAs) 
among gender advisers and human rights protection units, and 
requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the need for, 
and the number and roles of WPAs are systematically assessed 
during the preparation of each United Nations peacekeeping 
operation; 
 
13.   Encourages States, with the support of the 
international community, to increase access to health care, 
psychosocial support, legal assistance and socio-economic 
reintegration services for victims of sexual violence, in 
particular in rural areas; 
 
14.   Expresses its intention to make better usage of 
periodical field visits to conflict areas, through the 
organization of interactive meetings with the local women and 
women,s organizations in the field about the concerns and 
needs of women in areas of armed conflict; 
 
15.   Encourages leaders at the national and local level, 
including traditional leaders where they exist and religious 
leaders, to play a more active role in sensitizing 
communities on sexual violence to avoid marginalization and 
stigmatization of victims, to assist with their social 
reintegration, and to combat a culture of impunity for these 
crimes; 
 
16.   Urges the Secretary General, Member States and the 
heads of regional organizations to take measures to increase 
the representation of women in mediation processes and 
decision-making processes with regard to conflict resolution 
and peacebuilding; 
 
17.   Urges that issues of sexual violence be included in all 
UN-sponsored peace negotiation agendas, and also urges 
inclusion of sexual violence issues from the outset of peace 
processes in such situations, in particular in the areas of 
pre-ceasefires, humanitarian access and human rights 
agreements, ceasefires and ceasefire monitoring, DDR and SSR 
arrangements, vetting of armed and security forces, justice, 
reparations, and recovery/development; 
 
18.   Reaffirms the role of the Peacebuilding Commission in 
promoting inclusive gender-based approaches to reducing 
instability in post-conflict situations, noting the important 
role of women in rebuilding society, and urges the 
Peacebuilding Commission to encourage all parties in the 
countries on its agenda to incorporate and implement measures 
to reduce sexual violence in post-conflict strategy; 
 
19.   Encourages Member States to deploy greater numbers of 
female military and police personnel to UN peacekeeping 
operations, and to provide all military and police personnel 
with adequate training to carry out their responsibilities; 
 
20.   Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that technical 
support is provided to troop and police contributing 
countries, in order to include guidance for military and 
police personnel on addressing sexual violence in 
pre-deployment and induction training; 
 
21.   Requests the Secretary-General to continue and 
strengthen efforts to implement the policy of zero tolerance 
of sexual exploitation and abuse in United Nations 
peacekeeping operations; and urges troop and police 
contributing countries to take appropriate preventative 
action, including pre-deployment and in-theater awareness 
training, and other action to ensure full accountability in 
cases of such conduct involving their personnel; 
 
22.   Requests that the Secretary-General continue to direct 
all relevant United Nations entities to take specific 
measures to ensure systematic mainstreaming of gender issues 
within their respective institutions, including by ensuring 
allocation of adequate financial and human resources within 
all relevant offices and departments and on the ground as 
well as to strengthen, within their respective mandates, 
their cooperation and coordination when addressing the issue 
of sexual violence in armed conflict; 
 
23.   Urges relevant Special Representatives and the 
Emergency Relief Coordinator of the Secretary-General, with 
strategic and technical support from the UN Action network, 
to work with Member States to develop joint Government-United 
Nations Comprehensive Strategies to Combat Sexual Violence, 
in consultation with all relevant stakeholders, and to 
regularly provide updates on this in their standard reporting 
to Headquarters; 
 
24.   Requests that the Secretary-General ensure more 
systematic reporting on incidents of trends, emerging 
patterns of attack, and early warning indicators of the use 
of sexual violence in armed conflict in all relevant reports 
to the Council, and encourages the Special Representatives of 
the Secretary-General, the Emergency Relief Coordinator, the 
High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Special Rapporteur on 
Violence against Women, and the Chairperson(s) of UN Action 
to provide, in coordination with the aforementioned Special 
Representative, additional briefings and documentation on 
sexual violence in armed conflict to the Council; 
 
25.   Requests the Secretary-General to include, where 
appropriate, in his regular reports on individual 
peacekeeping operations, information on steps taken to 
implement measures to protect civilians, particularly women 
and children, against sexual violence; 
 
26.   Requests the Secretary-General, taking into account the 
proposals contained in his report as well as any other 
relevant elements, to devise urgently and preferably within 
three months, specific proposals on ways to ensure monitoring 
and reporting in a more effective and efficient way within 
the existing United Nations system on the protection of women 
and children from rape and other sexual violence in armed 
conflict and post-conflict situations, utilizing expertise 
from the United Nations system and the contributions of 
national Governments, regional organizations, 
non-governmental organizations in their advisory capacity and 
various civil society actors, in order to provide timely, 
objective, accurate and reliable information on gaps in UN 
entities response, for consideration in taking appropriate 
action; 
 
27.   Requests that the Secretary-General continue to submit 
annual reports to the Council on the implementation of 
Resolution 1820 (2008) and to submit his next report by 
September of 2010 on the implementation of this resolution 
and Resolution 1820 (2008) to include, inter alia: 
 
      a.    a detailed coordination and strategy plan on the 
timely and ethical collection of information, 
 
      b.    updates on efforts by UN Mission focal points on 
sexual violence to work closely with the Resident 
Coordination/Humanitarian Coordinator (RC/HC), the UN Country 
Team, and, where appropriate, the aforementioned Special 
Representative and/or the Team of Experts, to address sexual 
violence, 
 
      c.    information regarding parties to armed conflict 
that are credibly suspected of committing patterns of rape or 
other forms of sexual violence, in situations that are on the 
Council,s agenda; 
 
28.   Decides to review, taking into account the process 
established by General Assembly resolution 63/311 regarding a 
United Nations composite gender entity, the mandates of the 
Special Representative requested in operative paragraph 4 
and the Team of Experts in operative paragraph 7 within two 
years, and as appropriate thereafter; 
 
29.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter. 
CLINTON