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Viewing cable 09SEOUL1029, SEOUL - PRESS BULLETIN; July 1, 2009

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09SEOUL1029 2009-07-01 04:24 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Seoul
VZCZCXRO3034
OO RUEHGH
DE RUEHUL #1029/01 1820424
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O 010424Z JUL 09
FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4855
RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHDC 8799
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHINGTON DC//DDI/OEA//
RHHMUNA/USCINCPAC HONOLULU HI//FPA//
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHINGTON DC
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC
RUEKDIA/DIA WASHINGTON DC//DB-Z//
RUEHMO/AMEMBASSY MOSCOW 9954
RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 6195
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 6286
RUEHGH/AMCONSUL SHANGHAI 0936
RUEHSH/AMCONSUL SHENYANG 4658
RUEHIN/AIT TAIPEI 3630
RUEHGP/AMEMBASSY SINGAPORE 6831
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 1186
RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA 2518
RUEHLO/AMEMBASSY LONDON 1592
RUEHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS 2201
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 SEOUL 001029 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PREL PGOV MARR ECON KPAO KS US
SUBJECT: SEOUL - PRESS BULLETIN; July 1, 2009 
 
TOP HEADLINES 
------------- 
 
 
Chosun Ilbo, JoongAng Ilbo, Dong-a Ilbo, 
Hankook Ilbo, Segye Ilbo, Seoul Shinmun 
Political Parties Fail to Agree 
on Non-Regular Workers' Bill; 
Massive Layoffs or New Contracts Could Start Today 
 
Hankyoreh Shinmun 
Water Quality of Nakdong River Estimated to Deteriorate after ROKG's 
Four-Rivers Restoration Project 
 
 
DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTS 
--------------------- 
 
Defense Minister Lee Sang-hee told the National Assembly yesterday 
that current intelligence suggests that a final decision has not 
been made on who will succeed North Korean leader Kim Jong-il, 
despite reports that Kim Jong-il has tapped his youngest son to 
succeed him. (Hankyoreh) 
 
According to a Defense Ministry official, the ROK will deploy about 
100,000 reserve troops to North Korea to carry out civilian 
operations during war-time. (JoongAng, Dong-a, Segye) 
 
 
INTERNATIONAL NEWS 
------------------ 
 
According to State Department Spokesman Ian Kelley, a U.S. 
interagency delegation led by Ambassador Philip Goldberg, 
coordinator for the implementation of UN Resolution 1874, will soon 
visit China. The U.S. delegation is also expected to visit the ROK 
and Japan after the China visit. (JoongAng, Hankook, KBS) 
 
Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security 
Ellen Tauscher, in a written response to pre-hearing questions for 
her June 9 Senate confirmation hearing, made clear the Obama 
Administration's opposition to the ROK's claim of a right to 
"peaceful use of nuclear fuel." (Chosun, YTN) 
 
Under Secretary Tauscher was quoted as saying: "The Obama 
Administration does not believe that the programmatic consent it has 
given to the EU, India and Japan to reprocess spent fuel containing 
U.S.-origin nuclear material is necessarily appropriate in other 
cases, including Taiwan and the ROK."(Chosun) 
 
According to Radio Free Asia, Burma has informed North Korea of its 
decision to inspect the North Korean cargo ship, Kang Nam, which is 
suspected of heading toward the country carrying weapons-related 
materials, if the ship enters any Burmese port carrying items banned 
by the UN. (Chosun, KBS) 
 
According to an ROKG source, North Korea exported weapons via 
Chinese and Russian overland routes from 2000 to last year to 
circumvent the U.S.-led Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), 
which aims to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction. 
(Chosun) 
 
 
MEDIA ANALYSIS 
-------------- 
 
-N. Korea 
--------- 
Conservative Chosun Ilbo and state-run KBS replayed a June 30 Radio 
Free Asia (RFA) report that the Burmese government has notified 
North Korea of its decision to inspect the North Korean cargo ship, 
Kang Nam, which is suspected of heading to Burma carrying 
 
SEOUL 00001029  002 OF 005 
 
 
weapons-related materials, and not to allow the North Korean ship to 
enter any Burmese port if it is carrying items banned by the UN. 
 
According to the Chosun report, in particular, RFA quoted unnamed 
observers as speculating that Rangoon may have been swayed by China 
and Russia, which both support the UN Security Council Resolution 
1874 against North Korea, while the ROK and Japan are two of Burma's 
major trading partners. 
 
Conservative Chosun also carried a front-page report saying that the 
Obama Administration made it clear to Congress that it is against 
restoring the ROK's peaceful nuclear program by means of 
reprocessing spent fuel, advanced mainly by the ruling Grand 
National Party. 
 
The report quoted Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and 
International Security Ellen Tauscher as saying in an 85-page 
response to Sen. Richard Lugar in the course of her June 9 
confirmation hearing that "programmatic consent" for reprocessing 
given to the EU, Japan and India under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 
cannot be extended to the ROK and Taiwan.  She was also cited as 
agreeing when asked, "Do you believe that an agreement that allowed 
any form of reprocessing to take place in the ROK would violate the 
1992 Joint Declaration, in particular its clean statement that 'the 
South and the North shall not possess nuclear reprocessing and 
uranium enrichment facilities'?" 
 
Chosun commented that the Obama Administration apparently feels that 
the call by ROK conservatives for Seoul to resume its own nuclear 
program would send a wrong message to the world.  In an editorial, 
the newspaper argued: "The issue of 'reprocessing spent nuclear 
fuel' is a separate matter from discussions on 'nuclear armament.' 
The ROK is now the fifth-largest user of atomic power in the world, 
with its 20 nuclear reactors providing almost 40% of the country's 
electricity. ... If the ROK can reprocess its spent fuel in storage, 
94.4 percent of it can be reused as energy and the waste will be 
reduced to 5.6 percent.  ... It is inappropriate to deny the ROK the 
right to peacefully use nuclear fuel based on the Joint 
Denuclearization Declaration 17 years ago, which the North 
unilaterally abrogated by activating its reprocessing facilities and 
stating its intention to enrich uranium." 
 
Conservative Chosun Ilbo cited an ROKG source in reporting that 
North Korea, from 2000 to last year, exported weapons to countries 
such as Iran and Syria via Chinese and Russian overland routes to 
circumvent the U.S.-led Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), 
which aims to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction. 
 
Left-leaning Hankyoreh Shinmun carried a quote from Defense Minister 
Lee Sang-hee, who told the National Assembly yesterday that current 
intelligence suggests that a final decision has not been made on who 
will succeed North Korean leader Kim Jong-il, despite reports that 
Kim Jong-il has tapped his youngest son to succeed him. 
 
 
OPINIONS/EDITORIALS 
------------------- 
 
NUCLEAR REPROCESSING SHOULD BE AN ECONOMIC QUESTION 
(Chosun Ilbo, July 1, 2009, Page 35) 
 
U.S. Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International 
Security Ellen Tauscher in a written response to the Senate Foreign 
Relations Committee said the EU, India and Japan reprocesses nuclear 
fuel within their own territories at present, but she did not think 
the Obama Administration must apply those cases of authorized 
reprocessing to other countries, including South Korea.  She added 
there was no need for a revision to the Atomic Energy Agreement 
signed between South Korea and the United States.  The comments 
effectively slap down calls within South Korea to start reprocessing 
its own spent nuclear fuel. 
 
From the standpoint of the "peaceful use of nuclear energy, the U.S. 
government seems wary of South Korea reprocessing spent nuclear 
 
SEOUL 00001029  003 OF 005 
 
 
fuel, suspecting that the country, over the long-term, wants to make 
its own nuclear weapons.  South Korea tried to develop nuclear 
weapons in the 1970s, but scrapped the plan.  Now the issue has 
re-emerged after North Korea's second nuclear test. 
 
But the issue of 'reprocessing spent nuclear fuel' is a separate 
matter from discussions on 'nuclear armament.'  The ROK is now the 
fifth-largest user of atomic power in the world, with its 20 nuclear 
reactors providing almost 40% of the country's electricity.  Each 
year, around 700t of spent fuel is produced from the 20 reactors, 
which are stored in water tanks at the power plants.  Already, the 
amount of spent fuel stored in such facilities exceeds 10,000t and 
will reach maximum capacity in 2016. 
 
If the ROK can reprocess its spent fuel in storage, 94.4 percent of 
it can be reused as energy and the waste will be reduced to 5.6 
percent.  From South Korea's perspective, the reprocessing of spent 
fuel is a pressing economic matter. 
 
But there could be problems as well.  Japan built the Rokkasho-mura 
nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in 1992 and expects to spend around 
W400 trillion (US$1=W1,273) to operate the facility over a 40-year 
period.  Whether or not to build such a facility at such high costs 
is a matter for South Korea to decide based on economic 
considerations, but it is not just an economic issue.  It is an 
encroachment on its sovereignty for an atomic energy powerhouse like 
South Korea to face limitations in its peaceful usage of nuclear 
energy. 
 
Tauscher said South Korea's ability to reprocess spent nuclear fuel 
would violate the 1992 Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of 
the Korean Peninsula, which stipulated that North and South Korea 
would "scrap their uranium enrichment and reprocessing facilities." 
But it is inappropriate to deny the ROK the right to peacefully use 
nuclear fuel based on the Joint Denuclearization Declaration 17 
years ago, which the North unilaterally abrogated by activating its 
reprocessing facilities and stating its intention to enrich uranium. 
 The issue of denuclearization should be handled through a new 
agreement that is much more effective and binding than the existing 
one. 
 
The South Korea-U.S. Atomic Energy Agreement signed during the 1970s 
expires in 2014.  The two sides must begin talks soon on revising 
the agreement to expand South Korea's peaceful use of nuclear 
energy.  The solution must be based purely on economic 
considerations. 
 
(This is a translation provided by the newspaper, and it is 
identical to the Korean version.) 
 
 
FEATURES 
-------- 
 
U.S. AGAINST RESUMPTION OF S. KOREAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM 
(Chosun Ilbo, July 1, 2009, Front Page) 
 
By Washington Correspondent Lee Ha-won 
 
The U.S.  Barack Obama Administration made it clear to Congress that 
it is against restoring South Korea's peaceful nuclear program by 
means of reprocessing spent fuel,  (a proposal) advanced mainly by 
the ruling Grand National Party. 
 
Under Secretary of State for Disarmament and International Security 
Ellen Tauscher made the point in an 85-page response to Senator 
Richard Lugar, the Secretary of the Foreign Relations Committee, 
during the course of her confirmation hearing on June 9. 
 
The relevant section has two parts.  Lugar asked, "Does the 
administration contemplate any changes in existing nuclear 
cooperation agreements, in particular those with Taiwan and the 
Republic of South Korea, to allow reprocessing of U.S.-origin 
materials in those nations?" 
 
SEOUL 00001029  004 OF 005 
 
 
 
Tauscher replied that the "programmatic consent" for reprocessing 
given to the EU, Japan and India under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 
cannot be extended to South Korea and Taiwan. "The administration 
does not believe that such programmatic consent to reprocessing is 
necessarily appropriate in other cases, including Taiwan and the 
Republic of Korea," she said.  In other words, Washington sees no 
need to revise the Seoul-Washington nuclear cooperation agreement so 
the South can reprocess nuclear fuel. 
 
She also agreed when asked, "Do you believe that an agreement that 
allowed any form of reprocessing to take place in South Korea would 
violate the 1992 Joint Declaration, in particular its clear 
statement that 'the South and the North shall not possess nuclear 
reprocessing and uranium enrichment facilities'?" 
 
Coinciding with North Korea's second nuclear weapons test and 
resumption of nuclear programs, her answer sends a clear message 
that no reprocessing of spent fuel can be allowed in South Korea and 
Taiwan even in these circumstances.  She especially highlighted the 
logic of "double control" by saying that even if South Korea 
reprocesses nuclear fuels for peaceful purposes, it would violate 
the ROK-DPRK Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean 
Peninsula, which entered into force in 1992. 
 
The Obama Administration has reacted sensitively to the argument 
posed mainly by the Grand National Party and conservatives that the 
ROK should have the right to reprocess nuclear fuel for peaceful 
purposes.  The U.S. is seeking the "denuclearization of the Korean 
Peninsula" through Pyongyang's complete nuclear dismantlement. 
Therefore, Washington's position is that, even if the reprocessing 
is for "peaceful" purposes, the U.S. cannot allow the ROK to expand 
its nuclear capabilities beyond the current level.  Furthermore, 
with the global community pursuing a "world free of nuclear 
weapons," the Barack Obama Administration apparently feels the call, 
from South Korean conservatives for Seoul to resume its own nuclear 
program would send the wrong message to the world. 
 
Since both Democrats and Republicans in Congress share this view, 
chances are very slim that the U.S. will reconsider its position. 
The Blue House and the South Korean Embassy in Washington have made 
it clear that a call for nuclear armament in the South is not the 
official ROKG position and they will not raise this issue to the 
U.S. either.  "If South Korea violates the denuclearization treaty 
by reprocessing spent fuel and enriching uranium in the face of U.S. 
opposition, the price will be high," a diplomatic source in 
Washington warned. 
 
(We have compared the English version on the website with the Korean 
version and added some paragraphs to make them identical.) 
 
 
"GROWING SECURITY CONCERNS LEAD TO NUCLEAR AMBITIONS EVERYWHERE" 
(Hankyoreh Shinmun, July 1, page 13; Excerpts) 
 
By Reporter Cho Il-joon 
 
This is an interview with Cheong Wook-sik, the representative of 
Peace Network.  He gave his opinion on the reality and dangers of a 
global nuclear arms race and (possible) countermeasures. 
 
The international community's measures to prevent nuclear 
proliferation based on the "carrot and stick" method have not been 
effective. 
 
"Measures to curb nuclear proliferation differ depending on 
situations.  The ROK sought to develop nuclear programs during the 
Park Chung-hee Administration in the 1970s, but this attempt was 
discovered and blocked by the U.S.  President Chun Doo-hwan, who 
came into power through a military coup in 1980, made a deal with 
the Reagan Administration to abandon the nuclear development plan in 
return for a guarantee for security and recognition of the 
government.  It is common among the allied nations to swap security 
guarantees for denuclearization. 
 
SEOUL 00001029  005 OF 005 
 
 
 
However, the solution is not simple for hostile countries.  The 
North Korean nuclear issue can hardly be resolved easily because any 
deal (it makes) with the U.S. would be an "asymmetrical" and 
"nonequivalent" exchange.  Iran's main concern is to secure hegemony 
in the Middle East and therefore a deal with Iran will apparently 
not work well.  Israel bombed the nuclear facilities of its 
neighboring countries twice, specifically, Iraq in 1981 and Syria in 
ΒΆ2007.  However, this hard-line policy only escalated tensions in the 
Middle East and only justified Iran's nuclear development.  In order 
to prevent nuclear proliferation, (the international community) 
should come up with a specific and substantial diplomatic solution 
instead of employing sanctions and military power." 
 
 
STEPHENS