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Viewing cable 09BANGUI118, THE WEAKEST LINK

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09BANGUI118 2009-06-16 19:40 2011-08-30 01:44 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Bangui
VZCZCXRO0071
PP RUEHBZ RUEHGI
DE RUEHGI #0118/01 1671940
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P R 161940Z JUN 09
FM AMEMBASSY BANGUI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0919
INFO RHMFISS/AFRICOM
RUEHBZ/AMEMBASSY BRAZZAVILLE 0169
RUEHKH/AMEMBASSY KHARTOUM 0272
RUEHKI/AMEMBASSY KINSHASA 0282
RUEHLC/AMEMBASSY LIBREVILLE 0183
RUEHLO/AMEMBASSY LONDON 0127
RUEHNJ/AMEMBASSY NDJAMENA 0461
RUEHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS 0446
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 0120
RUEHYD/AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE 0442
RUEHGI/AMEMBASSY BANGUI 1154
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 BANGUI 000118 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPT FOR AF/C 
PARIS FOR RKANEDA 
LONDON FOR PLORD 
AFRICOM FOR JKUGEL,CKOCH 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV PREL PHUM PINR CT
SUBJECT: THE WEAKEST LINK 
 
1. (SBU) SUMMARY: With an abundance of arable land, rainfall, a 
plethora of minerals and wildlife and a low population, the 
Central African Republic (CAR) should be a wealthy nation. 
However, despite this potential, most of its population lives in 
increasing poverty. Male life expectancy declines six months 
every year and recently the CAR dropped from number 172 to 177 
out of 178 on the Human Development scale and now has a GDP per 
capita of $456. Why is the CAR declining at a time when so many 
other African states are advancing? While factors such as the 
CAR's landlocked location and low levels of assistance are 
certainly important, the fundamental problem is that President 
Francois Bozize, and his government (CARG), have never made 
national development and good governance a priority. He appears 
instead to concentrate on schemes to enrich himself, his family, 
and his clan; schemes which not only retard development, but 
actively destroy commercial enterprises essential to the 
economy. Efforts by AmEmbassy Bangui, the European Commission, 
and even the very influential French to persuade Bozize to focus 
his government on development and good governance have been 
ignored or actively rebuffed. One reason for Bozize's lack of 
concern may well be a belief that no matter what he does, the 
French will always intervene, militarily if necessary, to save 
his government, as they did at Birao and Bria in early 2007.  As 
reported SEPTEL we do not believe that this is a valid 
assumption on his part. At best, our best efforts 
notwithstanding, we may be unable to achieve our foreign policy 
goals in the CAR.  At worst, we could well see the Bozize 
government collapse in the coming year. END SUMMARY 
 
------------------------- 
Anatomy of a Hollow State 
------------------------- 
 
2.(SBU) The Central African Republic is dangerously close to 
being a failed state. Though named a ``ghost state'' in an 
International Crisis Group report in 2007, the CAR is perhaps 
better classified as a ``hollow state''. On the surface, the 
CARG appears to function and can credibly claim that its 
problems are the result of demographics, AIDS, historic poverty, 
and isolation. But this is misleading. While it has a structure 
that is able to feign functionality and has agents in most parts 
of the country, few of these agents actually conduct the 
business of the state or achieve any results. It has executive, 
legislative, and judicial branches, and a military, but outside 
of disparate geographic pockets, its control is exceedingly 
limited. The CAR is a country defined by its borders on the map 
and not by effective state control of its territory. 
 
3. (SBU) In Bangui, the government provides less than the bare 
minimum of services. Most roads are unpaved and the few paved 
ones are pock marked with potholes. The wealthy parts of Bangui 
suffer from prolonged power outages (and damaging surges) and 
only intermittent running water while poorer parts of town have 
gone months without water and electricity. (NOTE: This is one 
reason that Post recently built wells at the CMR and the 
Chancery. The well at the chancery has markedly reduced the 
levels of Locally Engaged Staff (LES) absenteeism due to 
gastrointestinal illness.) Violent crime, sometimes committed by 
government employees, particularly the Presidential Guard, is 
disturbingly common throughout the city. 
 
4. (SBU) Outside of Bangui, things are worse. Only the largest 
towns have any running water or electricity at all. Medical care 
is almost unavailable - it is estimated that there are fewer 
than 300 doctors practicing western medicine in the country and 
fewer than thirty outside of Bangui. Worse, many of the doctors 
in Bangui are no longer practicing medicine. Ironically, armed 
rebel bands provide the only real security and governance in 
almost half the country. 
 
------------------------- 
Not For a Lack of Support 
------------------------- 
 
5. (SBU) Despite claims by some in the CARG to the contrary, the 
international community is deeply engaged in promoting 
development in the CAR. Examples include: 
 
BANGUI 00000118  002 OF 003 
 
 
 
-- Many international/national non-governmental organizations 
(NGO) actively engaged in humanitarian and developmental 
projects, 
 
-- European Commission funded infrastructure projects, 
 
-- French direct budget support and development projects. (NOTE: 
They have, however, cut back on almost all military programs). 
 
-- World Bank and IMF programs. 
 
-- International companies attempting to invest in gold and 
uranium. 
 
The point being that the CARG has access to the financing and 
assistance that it needs. And while it is true that the CAR is 
not as well known as some other nations in crisis and that aid 
flows are probably below what is needed to speed development, it 
is even more true that even a dramatic increase in international 
assistance will do little to improve the situation until the 
CARG makes it a priority. 
 
6. (SBU) From the top down, a culture of entitlement from 
foreigners pervades Central African government. The 2009 budget 
contains no/no provision to pay for the 2010 election 
preparations because, as many observers, in one way or another, 
have said, ``they [the Bozize government] know you [the 
international community] will not allow elections to fail. If 
they know you are going to pay for it, why should they?'' This 
sentiment is mirrored in the Demobilization, Disarmament and 
Reintegration effort. Though the international community is 
paying the cost of Demobilization, it is still looking to fund 
the last D and R, with no money coming from the CARG itself. 
Bozize has reacted with personal anger at the insistence by the 
United Nations that the money provided by the CEMAC nations for 
DDR be used for DDR. (The CARG had argued that this money was 
intended for general economic support.) As part of security 
sector reform, the CARG used all of the money granted by the 
international community to retire, i.e. pay off, a large part of 
its bloated officer corps. Predictably, the CARG is seeking more 
funds from the international community to conclude the process. 
International NGOs, who reentered the CAR in a wave after the 
violence of 2006, all echo the same frustrated sentiment that 
sums up the attitude of the international community in the CAR: 
``we cannot want it more than the Central Africans do.'' After 
six years of President Bozize's rule, the international 
community is increasingly impatient and there are rumblings that 
perhaps letting the country fail and forcing its population to 
right itself is the only solution. 
 
------------------ 
The Path Not Taken 
------------------ 
 
7. (SBU) Bozize has thus far been unwilling to take the steps 
that we, and most other observers, would consider the minimums 
needed to secure his country and indeed his own hold on power. 
These would include: 
 
-- Upgrading of the military and police to allow him defeat the 
various rebel factions and assure security, if only in Bangui. 
It is likely he feels threatened by strong armed forces and thus 
purposefully keeps the Central African Army (FACA) and the 
police weak. This in turn means that the CARG can neither defeat 
rebel forces nor effectively control its territory, leaving it 
rife with rebels, bandits and poachers. In this context, we note 
with dismay that the FACA pulled their previously approved 
candidate for U.S. sponsored training in Rwanda at the last 
minute with no substitute offered. 
 
-- At least enough development projects/public works, such as 
roads, water, electricity and trade, to send a clear message to 
the population (again, of Bangui at least) that they live better 
with Bozize than without him. 
 
Instead, President Bozize's kleptocratic government appears 
 
BANGUI 00000118  003 OF 003 
 
 
content to control Bangui, the wood and diamond reserves of the 
southwest, and isolated regions with diamond, uranium and 
mineral deposits in the east. From this, they are able to steal 
enough money to buy large properties in Burkina Faso and South 
Africa and live comfortably, but not particularly luxuriously, 
in Bangui. Even recent observers, like the United Nations' 
Undersecretary General for Political Affairs, former U.S. 
ambassador to Indonesia, B. Lynn Pascoe, are shocked. He 
commented to the Ambassadors of the United States, France, and 
the European Commission his surprise that President Bozize made 
no mention of development during their conversation on June 9th, 
2009. Instead, Bozize's entire focus was on DDR and SSR 
(security sector reform). When Pascoe finally raised the issue 
of development, Bozize made it clear that he considered 
development to be the responsibility of the international 
community, not the CARG. (Interestingly, he made the same 
comment on human rights; another issue for the international 
community.) To be fair, this was a brief meeting at the airport, 
as Bozize was en route to Libreville for the funeral of 
President Bongo. But it is clear that the United Nations is 
concerned enough to have briefed Pascoe on this issue and thus 
he pursued it. And Pascoe's reaction is the same of that of the 
resident ambassadors: the CARG simply does not see development 
and governance as a priority. 
 
---------------------------------- 
What We Want, But Are Not Getting 
---------------------------------- 
 
(SBU) COMMENT: A former Prime Minister once commented that, at a 
minimum, a CAR government had to keep the power and water on in 
Bangui in order to stay in power - the CARG has not done this 
for nearly a year. United States goals in the CAR are limited: 
we seek a stable, developing state in the center of Africa that 
can resist the spillover of the crises in Chad/Sudan/Congo, does 
not serve as a base or transit point for neighboring combatants, 
and has enough peace and prosperity not to aggravate conditions 
in neighboring states by producing refugees.  We are engaged in 
two efforts: The end of hostilities by rebel groups and 
encouragement of good governance by the CARG (humanitarian 
relief, protection of human rights, economic development). 
These messages are matched with a third; that the CARG should 
look to the private sector, domestic and international, to fund 
development. 
 
Unfortunately, Post fears that we do not have an engaged partner 
in the President and the CARG. Worse, the steady decline of all 
indicators and renewed violence in the North may lead to a 
tipping point where Bozize's weak governance becomes untenable 
and leads to further chaos.  END COMMENT 
COOK